Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the general formula (1). The compound of formula (1) is suitable for use in a method for treating a disorder relating to the binding of a galectin, such as galectin-3 to a ligand in a mammal, such as a human. Furthermore, the present invention concerns a method for treatment of a disorder relating to the binding of a galectin, such as galectin-3 to a ligand in a mammal, such as a human.

Abstract: A method of obtaining purified DMF from a mixture comprising DMF and hydrogen chloride (HCl) involving distillation is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical combination products comprising a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate, and to their use in the treatment of inflammatory or respiratory tract diseases.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] The importance of sugar chains having ?2,3- or ?2,6-linked sialic acid at their non-reducing ends is known. Industrial production has been demanded for these sugar chain compounds. Particularly, the production of glycoprotein drugs or the like inevitably requires producing in quantity sugar chains having homogeneous structures by controlling the linking pattern (?2,6-linkage or ?2,3-linkage) of sialic acid. Particularly, a triantennary or tetraantennary N-type complex sugar chain having sialic acid at each of all non-reducing ends is generally considered difficult to chemically synthesize. There has been no report disclosing that such a sugar chain was chemically synthesized. Furthermore, these sugar chains are also difficult to efficiently prepare enzymatically.

Abstract: The invention provides functionalized monosaccharides and disaccharides suitable for use in synthesizing a lipid A derivative, as well as methods for synthesizing and using a synthetic lipid A derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a solid bio-product wherein at least 80% of the original indigestible oligosaccharide (raffmose, stachyose and verbascose) content has been degraded into digestible mono- and disaccharides, comprising the following steps: 1) providing a mixture of milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising oligosaccharides and optionally polysaccharides and further comprising proteinaceous plant parts, water and one or more enzyme preparations containing ?-galactosidase(s); 2) reacting the mixture resulting from step (1) under continuous mixing and under conditions where the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight, for 0.15-36 hours at a temperature of about 20-65° C.; 3) incubating the reacted mixture from step (2) at a temperature and in a time period which inactivate said ?-galactosidase(s), as well as solid bio-products obtainable by such method.

Abstract: A composition for treating inflammation and pain, including a hydrogen-generating compound in an amount that increases the amount of hydrogen in an individual and has an anti-inflammatory effect. A composition for treating inflammation and pain, including synergistically effective amounts of pregabalin and lactulose. A method of treating inflammation and pain, by administering a composition comprising a hydrogen-generating compound to an individual in an amount that increases the amount of hydrogen in the individual and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Abstract: Process for recovery and separation of sugars and oil from plants where the stems and leaves of such plants have substantial levels of both sugars and oils.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a trans-resveratrol derivative that resists isomerization to the cis-form. This object can be achieved by a method for producing a trans-resveratrol polysaccharide, the method comprising the step of bringing a trans-resveratrol glucoside into contact with sugar in the presence of ?-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture, having a skin-tightening effect, which is made up of: 10 to 80% by weight of a polysaccharide, preferably of an alginate, having a molecular weight of less than 600,000 Daltons, preferably less than 400,000 Daltons and more preferably less than 200,000 Daltons, 15 to 75% by weight of a polyhydroxylated agent selected from sugars and their derivatives, particularly sugar esters and sugar, ethers, preferably sorbitol, 3 to 15% by weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 0 to 25% by weight of cellulose or of a derivative of cellulose, such as carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxymethylcellulose. The present invention also relates to cosmetic compositions which contain this mixture. These cosmetic compositions enable a mechanical smoothing of the surface of the skin to be obtained progressively with great comfort of use and enables a good fixing of make-up products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel glycomimetic compounds that are rationally designed to inhibit the binding of various pathogens to cell surface sialylated galactose and methods of use thereof. Specifically sialic acid glycosides and C-glycosides are disclosed that form a lactam ring structure or a cyclic ether/amine ring structure with the adjacent monosaccharide residue.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a compound conjugating a drug with a glycosaminoglycan, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), where the drug is useful for the treatment of diseases such as inflammation, auto-immune disease, allergy, infection and preferably cancer. The conjugated compound of the present invention can increase the concentration of drug at the specific site of disease by an interaction of the glycosaminoglycan used as target drug delivery carrier and the CD44 cell surface receptor, then enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the systemic side effect of the site-delivered drug.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds derived from sugars which reproduce the epitopes of Shigella flexneri serotypes 3a and X and to the use thereof for the preparation of vaccine compositions. More specifically, the subject matter of the present invention relates to novel glycoconjugated compounds comprising oligosaccharides or polysaccharides described hereinafter, to the method for synthesizing these oligosaccharides or polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, to derivatives of these oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, to compositions containing same, and also to the use of the glycoconjugates for vaccination purposes. Finally, the present invention relates to methods for diagnosing a Shigella flexneri infection using one or more oligosaccharides or polysaccharides or conjugates thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for methods and compositions comprising a series of synthetic glycopolymers. The disclosure also relates to a kit which is suitable for carrying out the inventive methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a syrup which is rich in maltose. The process is comprising the successive steps of liquefaction of a starch milk and saccharification of the liquefied starch milk in the presence of alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and a debranching enzyme selected from the group of pullulanase, iso-amylase and mixtures thereof, preferably pullulanase and further adding maltogenic alpha-amylase and/or iso-amylase, for obtaining a maltose containing syrup comprising at least 85% maltose based on dry matter and less than 1.5% glucose based on dry matter, preferably less than 1% glucose based on dry matter.

Abstract: The invented inositol and trehalose derivatives, prepared by introducing multiple units of the guanidine group to the backbone molecules, show excellent blood-brain barrier permeability, and accordingly, it can be easily transported to the brain tissues and utilized for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to internally functionalized graphene substrates, methods of making such substrates and methods of using such substrates. In one aspect, the present invention is a graphene substrate. The substrate comprises edge and non-edge regions. Organic or inorganic molecules are bound to the non-edge regions of the substrate, and the organic or inorganic molecules are present on the substrate edges at a population greater than about one molecule per 10,000 nm2.

Abstract: A process for removing dimethylamine (DMA) before and/or during and/or after deacylation in a reaction vessel of a feed stream comprising a sucralose-6-acylate resulting from the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate in the presence of dimethyl formamide (DMF), wherein the deacylation is conducted at a first set of conditions of temperature, pH and pressure, the process comprising: (a) providing a side stream loop from and to the reaction vessel; (b) adjusting the conditions of one or more of temperature, pH, and pressure in the loop, and setting the flow rate through the loop, to remove DMA while minimising carbohydrate degradation.

Abstract: Purified alkoxylated sucrose esters of the formula: wherein R is independently selected from: COR?; (CH2CH2O)xH; and (CH2CH2O)x COR?; wherein R? is a fatty acid compound having from about 2 to about 28 carbon atoms; and wherein x is a number selected from about 1 to about 50; wherein at least one of the R groups is an ester group that is directly esterified to the sucrose backbone; and wherein the alkoxylated sucrose ester composition further comprises: less than 1% aldehydes; less than 1% ketones; less than 1% benzyl halide; less that 1% mono-benzyl ether; less than 1% acetals; and less than 1% ketals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selective synthesis of 1,2-cis-?-linked glycosides which does not require the use of the specialized protecting group patterns normally employed to control diastereoselectivity. Thioglycoside acceptors can be used, permitting iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. The approach eliminates the need for lengthy syntheses of monosaccharides possessing highly specialized and unconventional protecting group patterns.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the preparation of conditioned micronized active agents. Additionally, methods and systems for in-process conditioning of micronized active agent particles and compositions comprising conditioned micronized materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of protein production, and in particular to methods and compositions for modulating glycosylation of proteins expressed in host cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates carbonaceous materials and to methods of using such carbonaceous materials for purifying oligomers produced from depolymerized biomass, such as lignocellulosic biomass.

Abstract: New low molecular weight complexes between iron and maltobionic acid that can be administered parenterally, preferably intramuscularly or subcutaneously, in the treatment of anemic states, caused by iron deficiencies, and new pharmaceutical compositions adapted for this use. In particular, the invention provides a new complex between preferably trivalent iron and maltobionic acid that is characterized by a molecular weight Mw between 10,000 and 30,000 Da, by a polydispersity of 1.0-1.8 and by an iron content between 25% and 40% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds derived from sugars which reproduce the epitopes of Shigella flexneri serotypes 3a and X and to the use thereof for the preparation of vaccine compositions. More specifically, the subject matter of the present invention relates to novel glycoconjugated compounds comprising oligosaccharides or polysaccharides described hereinafter, to the method for synthesizing these oligosaccharides or polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, to derivatives of these oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, to compositions containing same, and also to the use of the glycoconjugates for vaccination purposes. Finally, the present invention relates to methods for diagnosing a Shigella flexneri infection using one or more oligosaccharides or polysaccharides or conjugates thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making precursors of HMO core structures comprising a step of reacting an N-acetyllactosamine or lacto-N-biose derivative donor with a lactose or N-acetyllactosamine derivative acceptor, wherein the donor is an oxazoline donor.

Abstract: Suggested is a method for improving the yield during the production of crystalline alpha lactose, wherein (a) an aqueous lactose solution is adjusted to a temperature of between about 62 and 67° C., (b) the solution is cooled down to between about 20 and 30° C., (c) the solution is held at this temperature for 0 to 5 h, (d) subsequently, the solution is re-heated to between about 30 and 35° C., (e) the solution is held at this temperature for 0 to 5 h, (f) then the solution is cooled down to about 10° C. and (g) subsequently, the precipitated alpha lactose crystals are separated from the second mother liquor, (h) an amount of a carbohydrate compound is added to the second mother liquor such that the solubility product of the residual amount of lactose that is still soluble is exceeded, (i) the second amount of precipitated alpha lactose crystals is separated from the mother liquor, dried, and (j) both amounts of alpha lactose crystals are combined.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to conjugates for targeting bacteria and related uses. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to methods of transferring a molecule of interest into bacteria comprising mixing bacteria with a non-naturally occurring conjugate under conditions such that the conjugate is transported across the bacterial cell wall. Typically, the conjugate comprises an oligosaccharide and a molecule of interest. In certain embodiments, the molecule of interest may be a tracer or an antibiotic.

Abstract: Provided are a fructosylated mangiferin, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof, wherein the fructosylated mangiferin has a structural formula represented by the following formula (I), the method for preparing the fructosylated mangiferin includes adding a substance with fructosylating enzymatic activity to a transformed liquid containing mangiferin for biotransformation reaction, so as to convert the mangiferin into the fructosylated mangiferin, wherein the transformed liquid contains the mangiferin and a glycosyl donor; as well as a use of the fructosylated mangiferin in preparation of a medicament for treatment of tumor-related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a series of sulphated disaccharides for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a neurodegenerative and/or neurovascular disease, of a traumatic brain injury or of a traumatic spinal cord injury. The present invention also relates to the use of said sulphated disaccharides for the preparation of a neuroprotective medicament or of an antioxidant medicament. The neurodegenerative and/or neurovascular diseases are preferably: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for promoting osteogenesis, increasing bone mass or enhancing the rate of bone growth, which comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of Uraria, a part thereof or an extract thereof. Also provided are a method for treating and/or preventing osteoporosis and a method for providing neuroprotection, comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of Uraria, a part thereof or an extract thereof.

Abstract: A treatment for autism in which an effective amount of lactulose is administered in order to bind excess ammonia in the gastrointestinal tract, the bloodstream, and the nervous system in order to prevent or reverse ammonia poisoning caused by the administration of certain antibiotics. Lactulose molecules in the colon are fermented by certain bacteria. The fermentation process lowers the colonic pH, and ammonia, in the form of ammonium ions, is used by the bacteria for amino acid and protein synthesis. This lowers the serum ammonia levels and reduces neurotoxicity.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-O-?-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid having a significantly, hardly solidifiable property compared to conventional ones in a grade for use in quasi-drugs; a process for producing the same; and uses thereof. The present invention solves the above object by providing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-O-?-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic in an amount of over 98.0% by weight but less than 99.9% by weight, on a dry solid basis; or a degree of crystallinity of 90% or higher for anhydrous crystalline 2-O-?-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid; and by providing a process for producing the same and uses thereof.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of trivalent iron complexes with mono-, di- and polysaccharide sugars, consisting of the activation of the sugar by oxidation with nascent bromine generated in situ by reaction between an alkaline or alkaline earth bromine and an alkaline hypochlorite, the complexation of the activated sugar in solution with a ferric salt dissolved in an aqueous solution, the purification of the resulting solution through ultrafiltration and finally the stabilization of the trivalent iron-sugar complex by heating at a temperature between 60° C. and 100° C. for a period between 1 and 4 hours at a pH between 9.0 and 11.0.

Abstract: The invention relates to solubilizers for metal ions and poorly soluble metal compounds, containing an oxidation product of starch hydrolysate as a solubilizing agent, to a method for solubilizing metal ions and to the use of said solubilizer.

Abstract: A process for solubilizing hydrophobic active ingredients in aqueous medium, which comprises using, as an assistant, at least one hyperbranched polymer (A) which is obtainable by reacting at least one hyperbranched polymeric compound having at least one primary or secondary amino group per molecule (a), selected from (a1) hyperbranched polyamides and (a2) hyperbranched polyureas, with (b) at least one mono-, di- or oligosaccharide.

Abstract: Compounds, particularly, glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) compounds, having the following structure (I) are provided: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions, vaccine compositions, and related methods for inducing or enhancing immune responses, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to blood group A/B/H determinant on Type 1 Core glycosphingolipids chains as recognition point for the FedF protein of F18-fimbriated Enterotoxigenic and verotoxinogenic Escherichia coli and the use of compounds comprising such determinants for the treatment of F18+ E. coli infections in pigs and in screening methods.

Abstract: A low-glycemic available carbohydrate composition of the invention contains the following components: (i) 5-60 wt. % of one or more monosaccharides selected from monosaccharides other than glucose and fructose, in particular galactose, ribose and mannose; (ii) 15-95 wt. % of oligosaccharides having a length of 2 to 20 anhydromonose units, at least half of which are anhydroglucose units linked by non-?-1,4 bonds; these oligosaccharides preferably comprising disaccharides such as palatinose, isomaltose and trehalose and/or non-?-1,4 linked higher glucose-containing oligosaccharides; (iii) 0-45 wt. % of other available carbohydrates, such as glucose and maltodextrins. This carbohydrate composition can be part of a food composition for the treatment of diabetes, obesitas, insulin resistance, or for postprandial glucose response.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for chlorinating a carbohydrate or a derivative thereof to produce a polychlorinated carbohydrate or a derivative thereof, such as sucralose, the method involves (i) reacting the carbohydrate or derivative thereof with a chlorinating agent to obtain a reaction mixture comprising said polychlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof and at least one under-chlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof, (ii) returning the at least one under-chlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof to a chlorinating step and further chlorinating the at least one under-chlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof to obtain the desired polychlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof; and (iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) “n” times where n?1. The polychlorinated carbohydrate or a derivative thereof is obtained in high yields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

Abstract: In preparing a glycoside compound from (a) a furanose compound or pyranose compound, and (b) an alcohol compound, a process for preparing a glycoside compound in which glycosidic bond locates selectively trans form relative to C-2 hydroxyl group, the process comprising using a furanose compound wherein the hydroxyl at the 2-position may have a substituent protected with a group A, or a pyranose compound which may have a substituent wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different and are each alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or aryl having or not having a substituent, or R2 and R3 are combined to form alkylene having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (the alkylene may be substituted with alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or may have intervening phenylene), and m and n are each an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of crystallising lactose from a lactose-containing liquid comprising the steps of providing a lactose-containing liquid comprising less than 80% by weight total solids, providing an evaporator system that comprises a heat exchanger and an evaporation vessel, the heat exchanger comprising a tube or tubes that define a flowpath having an inlet and an outlet, heating the lactose-containing liquid in the heat exchanger to about 50 to about 90° C. such that the lactose-containing liquid passes along the flowpath by forced circulation or thermo-siphoning, concentrating the lactose-containing liquid in the evaporation vessel, to generate crystallised lactose in the lactose-containing liquid in the evaporator system.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of producing turanose using amylosucrase and a sweetener including the turanose. This method enables production of high-purity turanose through an enzymatic reaction occurring by treating a solution including only sucrose or a solution including fructose and sucrose with amylosucrase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nucleic acid and amino acid sequences from Escherichia coli serogroup O126, coding for/representing a novel alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase. The invention also provides uses and methods for using the alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase to generate fucosylated products, such as oligosaccharides, (glyco)proteins, or (glyco)lipids, in particular oligosaccharides found in human milk, such as 2?-fucosyllactose.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for modulating in vitro and in vivo processes mediated by selectin binding. More specifically, selectin modulators and their use are described, wherein the selectin modulators that modulate (e.g., inhibit or enhance) a selectin-mediated function comprise particular glycomimetics alone or linked to a member of a class of compounds termed BASAs (Benzyl Amino Sulfonic Acids) or a member of a class of compounds termed BACAs (Benzyl Amino Carboxylic Acids).

Abstract: Immune function of an animal can be modulated by administration of a composition that includes algae meal or beta glucan. The algae meal can be made by growing Euglena using particular methods and conditions, including certain continuous, semi-continuous, fed-batch, and repeat batch methods in sterile fermenters. Euglena provides a form of beta glucan that is different from other organisms, where the beta glucan is predominantly unbranched beta-1,3-glucan. Use of algae meal and beta glucan produced by the disclosed processes can improve the wellbeing of an animal or human, and may augment or even replace the use of antibiotics in certain circumstances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptable compound, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above-mentioned pharmaceutically acceptable compound. The pharmaceutically acceptable compound provided by the present invention is a salt of a basic group-containing morphinan derivative and a carboxyl group-containing glycyrrhizinic acid and has the ability to be used to manufacture medicaments for treating and/or preventing cough, ameliorating pains, treating respiratory system diseases, treating cardiovascular diseases and treating liver diseases.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for modulating in vitro and in vivo processes mediated by selectin binding. More specifically, selectin modulators and their use are described, wherein the selectin modulators that modulate (e.g., inhibit or enhance) a selectin-mediated function comprise particular glycomimetics alone or linked to a member of a class of compounds termed BASAs (Benzyl Amino Sulfonic Acids) or a member of a class of compounds termed BACAs (Benzyl Amino Carboxylic Acids).