Abstract: Isolated microbial consortia capable of degrading chlorinated carbohydrates and a method to acclimatize microbes to degrade chlorinated carbohydrates under specific conditions of temperature and salt are described. Also described is a method for using microbial consortia to degrade chlorinated carbohydrates in a waste stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a theanine derivative, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof for anti-acne treatment, having a selective inhibitory effect on Propionibacterium acnes in the skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mammalian stem cell suspension containing mammalian stem cells and at least one polysaccharide such as trehalose, and the like; a mammalian stem cell aggregation inhibitor containing polysaccharide such as trehalose, and the like; a method of suppressing aggregation of mammalian stem cells, containing suspending the mammalian stem cells in an aqueous physiological solution containing polysaccharide; an inhibitor of a decrease in the survival rate of mammalian stem cells containing polysaccharide such as trehalose and the like; a method of suppressing a decrease in the survival rate of mammalian stem cells, containing suspending the mammalian stem cells in an aqueous physiological solution containing polysaccharides, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful for the treatment or prevention of bacteria infections. These compounds have formula I: The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of bacteria infections. Finally, the invention provides processes for making compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing porous granules, a porous granule obtained by the method, a lipid-containing granule and a method of manufacturing thereof, and a food containing the lipid-containing granules and a method of manufacturing thereof. The porous granule of the present invention is bigger than the granule manufactured by the spray drying method, has high solubility, is easily obtained (porous structure can be easily formed), and has enough hardness. In addition, drying time and drying cost can be reduced because an amount of water to be dried can be reduced. The porous granule can be obtained by mixing a powder whose solubility is at most 100 g per 100 mL of water at 20° C., with water and drying a mixture under reduced pressure to obtain the porous granules having loose bulk density of at least 0.30 g/mL, having porous structure, and capable of absorbing lipids.

Abstract: A method for preparing sucralose with high yield, comprising the following preparation steps: First, negative effects of other impurities on reaction are reduced by first preparing a pure Vilsmeier chlorinating reagent. Second, side reactions are prevented by adding composite catalyst to increase selectivity of chlorination reaction. Third, by extracting less polar impurities using less polar solvent when sucralose-6-ester is undergoing deesterification, products are qualified at the very first time so that refining steps are avoided. Accordingly, product loss is reduced and product yield is increased. By using the present invention to prepare sucralose, product yield could be increased to more than 40%.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to methods and means for allocating, allotting, apportioning, dispensing, distributing, preparing, portioning, meting out and/or otherwise providing, controlling and/or regulating access to quantities of foods, beverages, and/or other substances. Various embodiments of the methods and means of the invention may be performed by and/or implemented in hardware, in software, by one or more entities, and/or by some combination of hardware, software and/or one or more entities.

Abstract: A method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-?-acylate wherein said method comprises: (i) reacting the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide in order to chlorinate the 4, V and 6? positions of the sucrose-6-acylate; and (ii) quenching the product stream of (i) to produce a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein before said quenching, a portion of the tertiary amide is removed.

Abstract: Method of producing granulated maltitol, including the stages: preparing maltitol syrup having less than 50 wt.% dry matter and greater than 70 wt.% maltitol, introducing to a fluidized air bed granulator, a pulverulent bed of crystallized maltitol with a concentration at least equal to 99 wt.% and a mean diameter between 30 and 100 ?m, controlling the air inlet temperature between 100 and 120° C. and air velocity between 1 and 2 m/s, fine spraying the maltitol syrup into the granulator, at between 35 and 45° C., onto the moving pulverulent bed; the bed being between 30 and 60° C.; the mass of the bed representing constantly at least 2.5 times the mass of the sprayed syrup, drying, after fine spraying, by raising the air temperature below the melting point of maltitol to obtain a bed temperature between 70 and 80° C., cooling the granulated maltitol to at most 25° C. and collecting.

Abstract: Hypersulfated disaccharides of formula I and other hypersulfated disaccharides disclosed herein are used to treat diseases or conditions associated with human neutrophil elastase imbalances. The disaccharides and/or intermediates useful to prepare such compounds are prepared from heparin. The diseases and conditions which are treated with a compound of formula I include chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). The formulations are delivered to the lungs in an aerosol formulation or dry powder means or via nebulization. Oral forms are also suitable.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: A method of removing a carboxylic acid from a liquid that contains a tertiary amide solvent includes a step of contacting the liquid with an extraction medium comprising an amine. The amine is immiscible with both water and the tertiary amide solvent, and the contacting step forms a de-acidified phase containing the tertiary amide solvent and a phase containing the extraction medium and the carboxylic acid. Both the liquid that contains the tertiary amide solvent and the de-acidified phase may also contain a sucrose-6-acylate.

Abstract: Oil based emulsifiable concentrates containing a liquid saccharide including a) at least one oil component; b) at least one saccharide, particularly a liquid saccharide solution (LS); c) and at least one non-ionic surfactant. The concentrate may also contain at least one of d) at least one surfactant hydrocarbyl saccharide; or e) at least one anionic surfactant; or f) at least one additional oil soluble non-ionic surfactant. The concentrates are typically homogeneous for at least 24 hours and emulsify readily on dilution into water. The concentrates may also contain an antifoaming agent especially a polysiloxane. Upon dilution in water, the emulsions formed from the concentrates are applied to substrates in combination with agrochemically active ingredients, preferably N-phosphonomethylglycine in the form of its soluble salts, to control weeds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic agent for anaerobic diseases such as solid tumor, comprising in combination a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of an anaerobic disease containing the transformed anaerobic microorganism as an active component and a pharmaceutical composition containing as an active component an anaerobic microorganism colonization and growth enhancer for enhancing the specific colonization and proliferation of the anaerobic microorganism at an anaerobic disease site. Furthermore, the present invention provides to an anaerobic microorganism colonization and growth enhancer for enhancing colonization and growth of the transformed anaerobic microorganism at a disease site that is in an anaerobic environment.

Abstract: Oil based emulsifiable concentrates containing a liquid saccharide including a) at least one oil component; b) at least one saccharide, particularly a liquid saccharide solution (LS); c) and at least one non-ionic surfactant. The concentrate may also contain at least one of d) at least one surfactant hydrocarbyl saccharide; or e) at least one anionic surfactant; or f) at least one additional oil soluble non-ionic surfactant. The concentrates are typically homogeneous for at least 24 hours and emulsify readily on dilution into water. The concentrates may also contain an antifoaming agent especially a polysiloxane. Upon dilution in water, the emulsions formed from the concentrates are applied to substrates in combination with agrochemically active ingredients, preferably N-phosphonomethylglycine in the form of its soluble salts, to control weeds.

Abstract: The present invention provides an immunogenic composition comprising a T-cell antigen in association with a rhamnose monosaccharide and/or Forssman disaccharide, and corresponding methods for inducing immune response. The T-cell antigen may be for example, a tumor vaccine, such as a tumor cell or one or more tumor antigens. The invention takes advantage of the naturally high titers of anti-Rhamnose and/or anti-Forssman disaccharide in humans to target vaccine compositions to antigen presenting cells.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods and systems relating to the selection of substrates comprising crystalline templates for the controlled crystallization of molecular species. In some embodiments, the methods and systems allow for the controlled crystallization of a molecular species in a selected polymorphic form. In some embodiments, the molecular species is a small organic molecule (e.g., pharmaceutically active agent).

Abstract: A process for removing divalent cations, such as magnesium and calcium, from milk by-products, such as whey from cheese making and whey by-products from membrane processes, wherein the weak cationic resin is in the alkali form.

Abstract: Novel findings have been made that a carbohydrate composition in which a highly branched dextrin and isomaltulose are mixed at a specific ratio, wherein the highly branched dextrin has a structure in which glucose or isomaltooligosaccharide is bound to a non-reducing terminus of a dextrin via an ?-1,6 glycosidic bond, and has a DE value of 10 to 52, enhances an suppressing effect on digestion of the highly branched dextrin by isomaltulose, that is, synergistically suppresses the digestion, thereby leading to the completion of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are saccharide and phosphocholine derivatives. The derivatives include azide and alkyne derivatives which form one end of a variable length carbon chain. The opposite end of the variable length carbon chain is covalently linked to the saccharide or phosphocholine. The saccharide may be, for instance, a maltoside. The alkyne and azide derivatives of the saccharides and phosphocholine may be reacted together to form amphiphilic molecules useful in cellular membrane studies and applications. By adjusting the length of the carbon chain, the biochemical and biophysical properties of the resultant 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds may be custom tailored for the intended application. Resultant molecules may form micelles, bicelle, lipid bilayers and other like structures useful in the isolation and purification of membrane bound or membrane associated proteins and biochemical components.

Abstract: Disaccharides for the treatment of tendons, ligaments and bones. The present invention relates to the use of a series of disaccharides, as well as of compositions containing them, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a tendon, ligament or bone disease, disorder or injury. The present invention also relates to the new compositions comprising a disaccharide in combination with inulin polysulphate, a glycosaminoglycan, a growth factor or cells. The glycosaminoglycan is preferably chondroitin sulphate or hyaluronic acid and the growth factor is IFG-1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing colorless sucralose, wherein 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-galacto sucrose-6- acetate containing colored impurities formed during chlorination of sucrose-6-acetate is treated with sodium hypochlorite, where sodium hypochlorite acts both as a decolorizing agent and as a reagent for the ester hydrolysis.

Abstract: Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparation of the trisaccharide 6?-0-sialyllactose (formula (I)) or salts thereof as well as intermediates in the synthesis and for the use of 6?-0-sialyllactose salts in pharmaceutical or nutritional compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I) or (II), in which R1 is H and n is an integer from 2 to 10, for the preparation of a medicament for treating diseases chosen from the group comprising tumour, cancer, viral disease, bacterial disease, fungal disease, disease of the immune system, auto-immune disease or disease linked to a deficiency in immunostimulation, in human beings and warm-blooded animals. The invention also relates to new products having a mannose or mannitol termination as well as a method for preparing them.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel material useful for selectively isolating a cell such as monocyte and the like or a protein from a body fluid and a production method thereof, a physiological material using the material and an isolation material using the physiological material, as well as a method of harvesting a cell such as monocyte and the like using the isolation material, a method of harvesting a protein and a method of preparing a dendritic cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to high affinity Siglec ligands that are useful for isolating cells that express Siglecs and for delivering agents to cells that express Siglecs. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for treating cancer in a mammal that involves administering a Siglec ligand of the invention to the mammal, where the Siglec ligand is linked to a therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Provided is a strength-improving agent for the production of polyurethane foam, said agent enabling the production of a polyurethane foam having high tensile strength, tear strength and compressive strength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the synthesis, production, and use of pro-drug analogs. This invention relates to a method for the production of a broad group of glycosylated drugs, including but not limited to propofol, acetaminophen, and camptothecin carbohydrate derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for removing contaminants, such as mineral salts, mineral acids, terpenoids, stilbenes, flavonoids, proteinaceous materials, metal impurities, ash and other organic products, from a lignocellulosic feedstock stream containing oxygenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1, 2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?:2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) is disclosed: wherein definitions of R1, R2, and R3 are the same as those defined in the specification. The compound of formula (I) can emit light via an intramolecular interaction of an imino group and an electron-donatable moiety contained in the compound. A photoluminescent organic composition is also disclosed, which includes a compound represented by formula (II) in the presence of an electron-donatable compound, wherein definitions of R4, R5, and R6 are the same as those defined in the specification. The photoluminescent organic composition can emit light via an intermolecular interaction of an imino group contained in the compound of formula (II) and an electron-donatable moiety contained in the electron-donatable compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the synthesis, production, and use of pro-drug propofol analogs. This invention relates to a method for the production of a broad group of glycosylated propofol carbohydrate derivatives.

Abstract: A method for determining the presence of mycobacteria species in an organism or biological sample, the method comprising adding to the organism or biological sample a probe molecule comprising a substrate and a label, which probe molecule can be incorporated into mycobacteria, the presence of mycobacteria being determined by a detector responsive to the presence of the label, optionally after applying a stimulus; suitable probe molecules include compounds comprising a label and a substrate, which label is can be detected by a detector responsive to the presence of the label, optionally after applying a stimulus, characterised by compound being able to engage with the active site of Antigen 85B (Ag85B) such that it can form simultaneous hydrogen bonds with two or more amino acids in the active site selected from Arg 43, Trp 264, Ser126, His 262 and Leu 42, or the corresponding amino acids in Antigen 85A (Ag85A) or Antigen 85C (Ag85C), at least one of which is with Ser126.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an agent for treating or preventing vasospasm. An object of the present invention is to provide an agent for treating or preventing cerebral vasospasm as well as arterial vasospasm. Further, an object of the present invention is to provide an agent for treating or preventing cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction. The above problems are solved by an agent for treating and preventing vasospasm, cerebral ischemia, or cerebral infarction, comprising trehalose as the active ingredient. It is possible, by using such a trehalose-comprising agent, to suppress phenomena such as contraction of blood vessel and thickening of tunica intima and tunica media and to prevent or treat vasospasm and vasospasm-dependent diseases.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel compounds and methods for capping reactive groups on support and during multistep synthesis. These new capping reagents are also useful for high quality synthesis on solid supports and surfaces used as microarrays, biosensors, or in general as biochips. The compounds are also useful for controlling surface density of reactive groups on a support. The compounds may also be used to modify the hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of a surface or a molecule. The compounds have functional utility in various applications in the fields of genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and medicine.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for synthesizing sucralose, which comprises reacting sucrose with acetic anhydride in the solvent of a N-amide compound in the presence of an organic complex alkali metal salt catalyst to produce sucrose-6-acetate, and then chlorinating and deacetylating the sucrose-6-acetate to give sucralose. The present invention also discloses a process for purifying sucralose, which comprises purifying crude sucralose with one or more organic solvents to obtain purified sucralose.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of alkyl(oligo)glycosides based on selected branched fatty alcohols as hydrotropic agents, preferably for use in cleaning agents, in particular agents for automatic dish washing.

Abstract: A sucrose of a conformational polymorph and its manufacturing method are disclosed. The sucrose is a Form II sucrose having a melting point of 140-180° C., and furfuryl alcohol is added into a saturated sucrose solution by a reverse solution method, such that the saturated solution is recrystallized to form a new sucrose. The sucrose of this conformational polymorph has a melting point lower than the melting point of a general Form I sucrose, and the solubility of the Form II sucrose is different from the solubility of the Form I sucrose. Thus the Form II sucrose can be used as an excipient of medicines, sacrificial fiber blood vessel network structure for cell cultivations, or the manufacture of an optical interference wavy device. Since the hydrogen bonds in the molecular structure of the Form II sucrose and the Form I sucrose are different, the mechanoluminescence of the sucrose is affected.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method of producing turanose using amylosucrase and a sweetener including the turanose. This method enables production of high-purity turanose through an enzymatic reaction occurring by treating a solution including only sucrose or a solution including fructose and sucrose with amylosucrase.

Abstract: A method for producing a tableting additive, which method comprises providing a spray dried tableting additive in particulate form which particles at leas partially consist of amorphous additive material and at least partially of crystalline additive material; and crystallising the amorphous additive material by subjecting the particles for a short time and under agitation to a temperature between 30 and 100° C. at a relative humidity between 60 and 25%. More in particular, the relationship between relative humidity and temperature is defined by the formula: % relative humidity=218-47*Ln(T(° C.)), wherein T(° C.) is the temperature to which the particles are subjected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a granulated maltitol of concentration greater than or equal to 97%, preferably between 98 and 99%, characterized in that it has a water content less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, more preferably less than or equal to 0.4%, a compressibility greater than or equal to 300 N, preferably between 300 and 500 N, and a hygroscopicity less than or equal to 2.5%, preferably between 0.15 and 2.5%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methodology and constructs for modifying plant architecture and enhancing plant biomass and/or sucrose yield.

Abstract: Use of a non-digestible oligosaccharide or salt thereof for producing an anti proliferative effect in a subject wherein the non-digestible oligosaccharide is of formulae (i) [A]-[B]n Formula 1 wherein A and B are each independently a five or six membered saccharide unit and n is 2 to 10.

Abstract: A method for preparing sucralose with high yield, comprising the following preparation steps: First, negative effects of other impurities on reaction are reduced by first preparing a pure Vilsmeier chlorinating reagent. Second, side reactions are prevented by adding composite catalyst to increase selectivity of chlorination reaction. Third, by extracting less polar impurities using less polar solvent when sucralose-6-ester is undergoing deesterification, products are qualified at the very first time so that refining steps are avoided. Accordingly, product loss is reduced and product yield is increased. By using the present invention to prepare sucralose, product yield could be increased to more than 40%.

Abstract: The use of a vapour source (10) in an isothermal system (8) to control the crystallization or recrystallization of a sample of solid material (9) which is initially at least partially amorphous and/or at least partially crystalline and contained within the system (8), the vapour source (10) including at least one solvent for crystallizing the solid material, the vapour diffusion (14) of which leads to the crystallization or recrystallization of the sample (9), the vapour source (10) being such that the quantities of heat exchanged within the system during the crystallization or recrystallization of the sample (9) other than the heat of crystallization or recrystallization of the sample are less than approximately 10%, particularly 5%, and advantageously 1% of the heat of crystallization or recrystallization of the sample. The vapour source (10) is preferably a pure solvent or a solvent mixture in which no solute is dissolved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lactose-derived compounds of general formula (I) and to their use as agents for stimulating the immune system of the skin and/or as immunoregulators, and for preparing a composition containing a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable medium, intended in particular to prevent and/or limit the appearance of cutaneous immune imbalances, in particular related to environmental stresses.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell catalyst containing ruthenium as an active metal, alone or together with at least one other metal of the auxiliary group IB, VIIB or VIII of the periodical system of the elements (CAS version), and applied to a carrier containing silicon dioxide as a carrier material. The invention also relates to a method for producing said shell catalyst, and to a method for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols, using the inventive shell catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive shell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound containing hydrogenable groups, preferably for hydrogenating a carbocyclic aromatic group to form the corresponding carbocyclic aliphatic groups or for hydrogenating aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols.

Abstract: Lactosamine derivatives and related methods suitable for the preparation, including large-scale production, of N-acetyllactosamine, lactosamine, numerous lactosamine salts and a number of lactosamine-containing oligosaccharides are provided.