Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined herein, which are useful for treating diseases which respond to CXCR2 receptor mediators. Pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds and processes for preparing the compounds are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of pure Duloxetine hydrochloride. The present invention further relates to duloxetine hydrochloride substantially free of residual hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of fungicidally active compounds such as tricyclic amine derivatives (I). The process involves coupling of a carboxylic 5 acid e.g. a compound of formula (II) with an aniline, e.g. a compound of formula (III) in the presence of a boronic acid catalystor an antimony catalyst (II)(III)(I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, X, Y and Het are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method of making chlorins comprises the steps of reacting (e.g. condensing) a dipyrrin western half intermediate with an eastern half intermediate to form a tetrahydrobilene, and then cyclizing the tetrahydrobilene to form a chlorin. Intermediates including tetrahydrobilenes useful in such reactions are also described.

Abstract: A method of producing an aromatic compound of the following formula (3) comprising reacting a compound of the following formula (1) with an olefin compound of the following formula (2) in the presence of a transition metal complex: (wherein, an Ar1 ring represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring, an Ar2 ring represents a heterocyclic ring containing X1 and N*, and the X1 represents a nitrogen atom or carbon atom and the N represents a nitrogen atom connecting via a double bond to either one of two adjacent atoms in the Ar2 ring.) (wherein, R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.) (wherein, Ar1, Ar2, X1, N*, R1, R2 and R3 represent the same meanings as described above.).

Abstract: The present invention provides novel structure of light emitting material and an organic light emitting diode using the same. The light emitting material can serve as a light emitting material alone, and can also serve as a light emitting host in combination with a proper light emitting dopant, or a light emitting dopant in combination with a proper light emitting host, particularly in an organic emitting diode.

Abstract: A dye compound is described, which is expressed by formula (I): wherein A1, A2 and A3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 2,5-thiophene group, and B1 and B2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. The dye compound is suitably used as a dye sensitizer in a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC).

Abstract: Green electrochromic (EC) materials based on thiophene, and a green EC material based on pyrazine are disclosed. A first thiophene derivative (2,3-Di-thiophen-2-yl-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine), which was previously investigated as a nonlinear optical material, is here disclosed for its use as an EC material and for its incorporation into an EC device. Synthesis of two new thiophene derivatives (2,5-di(thien-2-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene and 2,5-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene), and a new pyrazine derivative (2,3-dibenzyl-5,7-di(thien-2-yl) thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine) are also disclosed, since these materials are all able to selectively change state to appear a green color and can be polymerized to achieve a green EC polymer.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to novel polymers (SMAMPs) and their syntheses and use. The polymers exhibit promising properties of AMPs. In particularly, for example, a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) platform was developed that allows syntheses of SMAMPs that employ a minimum number of norbornene-based building blocks and/or enable easy and independent variation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the monomer units and/or along the polymeric backbone to finetune and select desirable properties of the polymers.

Abstract: There are provided a heteroacene derivative having an excellent oxidation resistance and capable of forming a semiconductor active phase by a coating process, and an oxidation-resistant organic semiconductor material using the same, as well as an organic thin film.

Abstract: Organic materials which possess outstanding stability to oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation comprise as stabilizers at least one compound of the formula (I) wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1. The compounds of formula I are especially useful as stabilizers for protecting polymers and lubricants against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation and as scavengers for oxidized developer in color photographic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I, which exhibit a strong antithrombotic effect and are suitable, for example, for the therapy and prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders like thromboembolic diseases or restenoses.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, A1, A2, A3, A4, Z1, Z2, Z3, V, a, b and c have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one compound of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing a liquid-crystalline medium of this type.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), L, L?, L?, L1, L?1, L?1, L2, L?2, L?2, L3, L?3, L?3, L4, L?4, L?4, L5, L?5, L?5, L6, L?6, L?6, L7, L?7, L?7, L8, L?8 and L?8 independently of one another are hydrogen or an organic substituent; and/or one or more of the pairs L3 and L5, L?3 and L?5 or L?3 and L?5 together denote a single bond, provided that the respective X, X? or X? is not a single bond; and/or L3 and L5, L?3 and L?5 or L?3 and L?5 together denote an organic linking group; and/or one or more of the pairs L1 and L3, L1 and L, L5 and L7, L?1 and L?3, L?1 and L?, L?5 and L?7, L?1 and L?3, L?1 and L?, or L?5 and L?7, together denote an organic linking group; provided that at least one of L, L?, L?, L1, L?1, L?1, L2, L?2, L?2, L3, L?3, L?3, L4, L?4, L?4, L5, L?5, L?5, L6, L?6, L?6, L7, L?7, L?7, L8, L?8 and L?8 is other than hydrogen; X, X? and X? independently of one another are a single bond, CRaRb O, S, NRc or NCORc; Ra, Rb and Rc independently of one another are hydrogen or an organic substituent; and Y is an ino

Abstract: Novel cyclohexylmethyl compounds corresponding to formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, have the meanings given in the description. Pharmaceutical formulations containing these compounds, as well as a processes for preparing these compounds and related methods of treatment are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to white-emitting copolymers which are obtained by a combination of blue-, green- and red-emitting repeating units. The copolymers of the invention display better film formation and an improved efficiency when used in polymeric organic light-emitting diodes compared to materials according to the prior art.

Abstract: Specific photochromic spirodihydrophenanthropyrans and their use in synthetic resin materials of all kinds, particularly for ophthalmic purposes. The compounds of the invention are photochromic pyran compounds derived from 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene in which at least one of the two carbon atoms at positions 9 and 10 belongs to a further ring system and thus forms a spiro linkage point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modulators of metalloproteinase activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of thiophenes by means of precipitation. The purified thiophenes are liquid at room temperature, have a purity of at least 99.50 wt. %, and are represented by the following general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 independently of each other are, for example, a linear or branched C1-C20-alkyl group, or together form a fused C1-C20-dioxyalylene ring. The process involves: (I) precipitating the thiophene by cooling a solution of the thiophene and at least one solvent; or (II) precipitating the thiophene by adding the thiophene to a cooled solution of solvent and optionally the thiophene. The solutions are cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the thiophene.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds that have an affinity to the ?-opioid receptor and the ORL 1-receptor, methods for their production, medications containing these compounds and the use of these compounds for the treatment of pain and other conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and are useful for treating cellular proliferative diseases, including cancer. Further, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia and stroke among other diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.

Abstract: A compound of Formula I and enantiomers, diastereomers and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of Formula I, and methods of treating conditions associated with the activity of p38 kinase.

Abstract: Provided are an electron donor-azo-electron acceptor compound having a thiol-based anchoring group, a method of synthesizing the compound, and a molecular electronic device having a molecular active layer formed of the compound. The compound for forming a molecular electronic device includes an azo compound that has a dinitrothiophene group and an aminobenzene group having thiol derivatives. The compound forms a molecular active layer in the molecular electronic devices. The molecular active layer is self-assembled on an electrode using the thiol derivative in the azo compound as an anchoring group. The molecular active layer in the molecular electronic device forms a switching device switching between an on-state and an off-state in response to a voltage applied to electrodes or a memory device storing a predetermined electric signal in response to a voltage applied to the electrodes.

Abstract: Latent doping is provided wherein a conducting polymer is mixed with a dopant in solution without the doping reaction occurring unless solvent is removed. Regioregular polythiophenes are a particularly important embodiment. A composition comprising (i) at least one polymer comprising conjugation in the polymer backbone, (ii) at least one dopant for the polymer, (iii) at least one solvent for the polymer and latent dopant, wherein the polymer, the latent dopant, and the solvent are formulated so that the latent dopant does not substantially dope the polymer when formulated, but does substantially react with the polymer when the solvent is removed. Formulation of the composition can comprise adjusting the order of mixing, the amounts of the components, and the temperature. Methods of formulating the compositions and methods of using the compositions are also provided. OLED, PLED, photovoltaic, and other organic electronic devices can be fabricated.

Abstract: Cannabinoid derivatives according to formula (I) are disclosed wherein, X, Y, R1, R2, and W can have the definitions provided herein. Without limitation, use of such compounds, their salts or pro-drug, or compositions containing the compounds, salts, or pro-drug, to modify the activity of CB1 and CB2 receptors and treat conditions mediated by these receptors.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I that inhibit Btk are described herein. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of Formula I, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle chosen from carriers, adjuvants, and excipients, are described. Methods of treating patients suffering from certain diseases responsive to inhibition of Btk activity and/ or B-cell activity are described. Methods for determining the presence of Btk in a sample are described.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), are provided where T is CHO, COR8, or C(OH)R1R2; R1 and R2 are hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, CF3, optionally substituted alkenyl, or optionally substituted alkynyl; R3 is hydrogen or optionally substituted lower alkyl; R4 is (CF3)nalkyl, (CF3)n(substitutedalkyl), (CF3)nalkylphenyl, (CF3)nalkyl(substitutedphenyl), or (F)ncycloalkyl; n=1-3; R5 is hydrogen, halogen, CF3, diene fused to Y when Y=C, or substituted diene fused to Y when Y=C; W, Y and Z are C, CR6 or N where at least one of W, Y or Z are C; R6 is hydrogen, halogen, or optionally substituted lower alkyl; X is O, S, SO2, or NR7; R7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted benzyl, or optionally substituted phenyl; and R8 is lower alkyl, CF3, or optionally substituted phenyl. Methods of preparing and using these compounds for inhibiting beta amyloid production and for treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Down's syndrome are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monomer comprising the structure: wherein R1 and/or R1? are selected from the group consisting of MeO, EtO, COF3, SO4H, SO3?, SO3H, H, CHNO4S2F3, C5H4N2O6S2F6, C10H10N4S2, CH3, n-Bu, Cl, NH2, EtN, Br, alkyl, ether, ester, sulfonate, ammonium, carboxylate, phosphonate and any combination thereof, R2 and/or R2?, are selected from the group consisting of EtO, SO3H, H, C10H10N4S2, CH3, Cl, C6H14N2S and any combination thereof, R3 and/or R3? are selected from the group consisting of CH3, Cl, H and any combination thereof, and R4 and/or R4? are selected from the group consisting of CH3, H, C2H5, C4H9, C6H5, C8H17, C2H5S, C3H7S, C4H8Br, C10H23N, C20H21N2, C18H25N2, C21H23N2, C31H29N2O2, C22H25N4, C20H25N2, C3H7OS, and any combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, n, and R1 to R8 are as defined herein and to pharmaceutically suitable acid addition salts, optically pure enantiomers, racemates or diastereomeric mixtures thereof. These compounds are orexin receptor antagonists and may be useful in the treatment of disorders, in which orexin pathways are involved, like sleep disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting the activity of Botulinum neurotoxin A metalloprotease with the compounds disclosed herein. Also disclosed are methods of treating, inhibiting or preventing intoxication caused by bacteria of at least one bacterial strain in a subject, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions comprising the compounds disclosed herein.

Abstract: Provided is a triarylcarboxylic acid derivative, or an isomer, a prodrug, a hydrate, a solvate, a polymorph, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, represented by the following general formula (I): wherein A is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl, and B is an optionally substituted monocyclic heteroaryl; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The triarylcarboxylic acid derivative (I) exhibits potent xanthine oxidase inhibiting action and is therefore useful as a therapeutic agent for preventing or treating hyperuricemia, gout, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: A method for preparing a defunctionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer involves providing a polycarboxylic acid derivative functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer and transforming the polymer or copolymer into a defunctionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer which is polyhydroxy, polythiol, polyamino, or polycarboxylic acid functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymer or copolymer. The monomers, homopolymers and copolymers for use in the method are new compositions of matter. The polymers containing polycarboxylic acid derivative functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle units are soluble polymers which are defunctionalized to yield insoluble polyhydroxy, polythiol, polyamino, or polycarboxylic acid functionalized alkylenedioxyheterocycle polymers.

Abstract: Green electrochromic (EC) materials based on thiophene, and a green EC material based on pyrazine are disclosed. A first thiophene derivative (2,3-Di-thiophen-2-yl-thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine), which was previously investigated as a nonlinear optical material, is here disclosed for its use as an EC material and for its incorporation into an EC device. Synthesis of two new thiophene derivatives (2,5-di(thien-2-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene and 2,5-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-3,4-di(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-thiophene), and a new pyrazine derivative (2,3-dibenzyl-5,7-di(thien-2-yl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine) are also disclosed, since these materials are all able to selectively change state to appear a green color and can be polymerized to achieve a green EC polymer.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compounds of formula (I), wherein m, formula (II), R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, for the treatment of iron disorders. This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds to treat iron disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with the activity of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) families, particularly the activity of PPAR?.

Abstract: Spirotetrathiocarbamates (STOCs) or oxa substituted compounds (SOTOCs) of Formula I: Formula (I) or bisSTOC or bisSOTOC compounds of Formula II: Formula (II) wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8, are independently O or S; and preferably at least two and up to all four of X1, X2, X3 and X4, and at least two and up to all four of X5, X6, X7, and X8 are sulfur; Z is —CmR22m wherein m=1 to 4; —C(R2)2SC(R2)2—, C(R2)2SSC(R2)2—, or —C(R2)OC(R2)2; n is from 0 to 4; M is selected from CH2Cl, CH2SC(O)R1, CH2SC(S)R1, CH2S(CH2CH2S)qH wherein q is 0, 1 or 2; —CR2?CH2, —CH2OC(O)CR2?CH2, CH2N?C?S, CH2N?C?O, CH2NR2H, CH2OH, CH2SCH2CH2CR2?CH2, phenyl, C(R2)phenyl, furan, thiophene, halogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 heretocyclics, thiol, H, (III) or (IV) wherein A is S, O or phenyl; x is 0 or 1; R1 is C1-C22 alkyl; and R2 is H or C1-C22 alkyl have excellent optical properties. Methods for preparing these compositions and optical lenses prepared from the compounds are also provided.

Abstract: A compound of formula I: and isomers, salts, solvates, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof, wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-7 alkyl group, C3-20 heterocyclyl group, or C5-20 aryl group, or may together form, along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring having from 4 to 8 ring atoms; Q is —NH—C(?O)— or —O—; Y is an optionally substituted C1-5 alkylene group; X is selected from SR3 or NR4R5, wherein, R3, or R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-7 alkyl, C5-20 aryl, or C3-20 heterocyclyl groups, or R4 and R5 may together form, along with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring having from 4 to 8 ring atoms; if Q is —O—, X is additionally selected from —C(?O)—NR6R7, wherein R6 and R7 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-7 alkyl, C5-20 aryl, or C3-20 heterocyclyl gro

Abstract: An electroconductive carboxylic acid functionalized monomer corresponding to Formula (I), wherein A represents a hydrogen or a carboxyl group. Polymerized monomers of Formula (I) conjugated with a biomolecule result in conjugated PEDOT polymers of Formula (III) wherein A is a hydrogen or a carboxylic acid group and B is a biomolecule selected from the group consisting of a peptide, a protein, a lipid, a carbohydrate and a polynucleotide. The biomolecule conjugated polymers can be disposed onto an electrically conductive substrate wherein the substrate has a first layer of PEDOT polymerized on a surface of the substrate and a second layer of biomolecule conjugated PEDOT polymer of Formula (III) polymerized on the first layer of PEDOT. The first and second layers form a charge transport material in electrical communication with the conductive substrate. The electrically conductive substrate further comprises a dopant.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a tautomer thereof, wherein A and B are as described herein, are useful for treating conditions afflicting mammals.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and their salts and stereoisomers in which the variables are as defined in the description and claims, for producing medicaments used in the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases. Such compounds, processes for preparing them, compositions containing them, and methods of using them are claimed.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (1) is provided: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group; and A represents a group represented by the following formula (2) or formula (3): wherein R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted allyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted perfluoroalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and two or more of R2, R3 and R4 may be linked to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated carbon ring or a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring. The chemically amplified resist composition comprising a polymer compound which is produced from the compound of formula 1 according to the present invention provides a chemically amplified resist sensitive to far-ultraviolet radiation, which is represented by KrF excimer laser or ArF excimer laser.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): in which R, R1 and R2 are as defined in the description, the use thereof for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and . processes for the preparation of these compounds. Compounds of formula (I) are activators of PPAR? and PPAR? isoforms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aniline derivatives of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, Z and q are as defined herein; or salts thereof and their use.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer comprising a repeating unit represented by formula (1), wherein, A1 represents a divalent group in which the bond distance ratio (bond distance of C(?)-A1/bond distance of C(?)-C(?)) is 1.10 or more; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6, each independently represent a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkyloxy group, aryloxy group, arylalkyloxy group, etc. The polymer is useful as a light-emitting material, a charge transporting material, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to AMPA receptor potentiators of Formula I: formulations comprising them, methods for their use, and intermediates useful for their preparation.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical diluent and a compound of formula IV wherein R21=H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, —CH2OR25, —C(O)R25, —CO(O)R25, —C(O)NR25R26, —CH2C(O)R25, or —CH2C(O)NHR25, where R25 and R26 are each independently H, C1-C10 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing one or more halogen atoms. R22=—OH, —OR27, —OCH2C(O)R27, —OCH2C(O)NHR27, —OC(O)R27, —OC(O)OR27, —OC(O)NHNH—R5, or —OC(O)NR27R28, where R27 and R28 are each independently H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, and where R27 and R28 can each optionally contain halogen atoms; R23 and R24, the same or different from each other, are C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl. Methods of using such formulations for the treatment of cancer, to effect weight loss, to treat microbially-based infections, to inhibit neuropeptide-Y and/or fatty acid synthase, and to stimulate CPT-1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modulators of metalloproteinase activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the purification of thiophenes by means of precipitation. The purified thiophenes are liquid at room temperature, have a purity of at least 99.50 wt. %, and are represented by the following general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 independently of each other are, for example, a linear or branched C1-C20-alkyl group, or together form a fused C1-C20-dioxyalylene ring. The process involves: (I) precipitating the thiophene by cooling a solution of the thiophene and at least one solvent; or (II) precipitating the thiophene by adding the thiophene to a cooled solution of solvent and optionally the thiophene. The solutions are cooled to a temperature below the melting point of the thiophene.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted thiene-3-ylsulphonylamino(thio)carbonyl-triazolin(ethi)ones of the formula (I) in which Q1, Q2, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the disclosure, except for prior-art compounds. The invention further relates to the preparation of the compounds, to their use as herbicides, and to herbicidal compositions comprising the novel compounds.