Abstract: The invention provides a multistep process for preparing 1,2-diamino compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts thereof from 1,2-epoxides.

Abstract: The present invention discloses reworkable epoxy compositions suitable for encapsulation of and underfill for electronic components including (a) the epoxidized reaction product of a multifunctional 1-alkenyl ether or 1-cycloalkenyl ether and an alkenyl carboxylic acid, the epoxidized reaction product having two or more thermally labile alpha-alkoxy ester linkages; and (b) a curing agent for the epoxy component. The epoxy composition, when cured, provides a composition which is thermally reworkable, the weak ?-alkoxy ester linkages providing for the reworkable aspect of the invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel neuropeptide Y ligands having the general formula I Wherein the symbols W, A, D, R1, R2, R3, R4 are further defined in the description. Compounds of formula I are agonists and antagonists of neuropeptide Y, and are therefore useful as regulators.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing 5-oxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid ester economically, industrially advantageously and efficiently in a large amount. The present invention is a method of producing 5-oxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene-3-carboxylic acid ester (X), which is shown in the following scheme. wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a holographic recording medium. The novel holographic recording mediums disclosed herein comprises: a) at least one polyfunctional epoxide monomer or oligomer which undergoes acid initiated cationic polymerization. Each epoxide in the monomer or oligomer is linked by group comprising a siloxane to a silicon atom and each monomer or oligomer has an epoxy equivalent weight of greater than about 300 grams/mole epoxide; b) a binder which is capable of supporting cationic polymerization; c) an acid generator capable of producing an acid upon exposure to actinic radiation; and optionally d) a sensitizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the process for the preparation of liquid reaction products of cycloaliphatic epoxides with mono- or multifunctional hydroxy compounds. The process comprises reacting a polyfunctional cycloaliphatic epoxy resin with a mono- or multifunctional hydroxy compound in the presence of a heterogeneous surface-active catalyst. The invention also relates to curable compositions containing the product obtained by the process.

Abstract: The invention provides novel six and seven-carbon termini-differentiated polypropionate stereotetrads and stereopentads useful in syntheses of natural products. The invention also provides a novel alkylative sulfenylation-desulfonylation process that efficiently transforms enantiopure epoxyvinyl sulfones to syn and anti dienylsulfides in two operations.

Abstract: A curable composition comprises a compound having at least one epoxy group and at least one maleimide, styrenic or cinnamyl group per molecule. A representative compound has the structure in which Z′ and Z are any monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric organic moiety; X is a direct bond or a functional group; and R and R′ are hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or fused ring having 3 to 10 carbon atoms within the ring structure.

Abstract: A curable composition comprises a compound having at least one epoxy group and at least one maleimide, styrenic or cinnamyl group per molecule.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula: and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein the compounds are useful in therapy to protect skeletal muscles against damage resulting from trauma or to protect skeletal muscles subsequent to muscle or systemic diseases such as intermittent claudication, to treat shock conditions, to preserve donor tissue and organs used in transplants, in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, Prinzmetal's (variant) angina, stable angina, and exercise induced angina, congestive heart disease, and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: Curable compositions, reaction products of which are reworkable through thermal decomposition, are provided. Specific compounds useful in such curable compositions, as well as curable compositions and thermosets incorporating such compounds, are provided in the present invention. The compounds include a cyclic hydrocarbon moiety including an oxirane or thiirane group and an aromatic ether moiety including an oxirane or thiirane group. The cyclic hydrocarbon moiety and the aromatic ether moiety are joined to each other through an oxycarbonyl-containing linkage or a thiocarbonyl-containing linkage, preferably a secondary or tertiary linkage. Compositions incorporating such compounds are capable of curing by exposure to a specific temperature, and are decomposable at a temperature in excess of the curing temperature, thus providing a composition which is reworkable.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a compound according to formula wherein R1 is a C3-C7 alkyl group and R2 is a C1 to C4, linear or branched, alkyl radical, more preferably a methyl group, characterized in that the process includes the isomerisation of an epoxide of formula wherein R1 and R2 have the meaning given in formula (I), in the presence of an acidic isomerisation agent, a thermal treatment or a combination thereof. The process according to the invention allows the preparation of the cyclopentenyl compounds of formula (I) on an industrial scale. The compounds are important starting products for the production of appreciated perfuming ingredients in particular methyl dihydrojasmonates.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermosetting resin compositions useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as CSPs, BGAs, LGAs and the like, each of which having a semiconductor chip, such as LSI, on a carrier substrate. The compositions of this invention are reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

Abstract: A no-flow reworkable epoxy underfill is provided for use in an electronic packaged system which incorporates an integrated circuit, an organic printed wire board, and at least one eutectic solder joint formed therebetween. An exemplary embodiment of the encapsulant includes: a cycloaliphatic epoxide; an organic hardener; a curing accelerator; and a fluxing agent wherein said cycloaliphatic epoxide includes a carbonate or carbamate group. The encapsulant can also include a filler, such as a silica filler. A method is also provided for forming the aforementioned reworkable epoxy underfills.

Abstract: Salicylamide derivatives represented by formulae (1a) and (1b); intermediates in the production thereof; a process for producing the same; and drugs containing the same as the active ingredient. The salicylamide derivatives represented by formulae (1a) and (1b) are useful as anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressive agents which exert an effect of inhibiting the activation of NF-&kgr;B with little side effects.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing an epoxy compound industrially advantageously at low cost in a short process. Furthermore, this invention provides a novel fruity, camphoric, floral, amber or woody fragrance-, flavor- or scent-imparting composition containing said epoxy compound, and foods & drinks, perfumes, cosmetics and tobaccos containing said composition. The epoxy compound can be produced by letting an &agr;-halocyclododecanone and an organic magnesium compound react with each other for Grignard reaction, hydrolyzing to obtain a halohydrin and letting the halohydrin and a base react with each other in the presence of an phase transfer catalyst or adding an aprotic polar solvent for reaction.

Abstract: Process for the selective preparation of &bgr;-isophorone epoxide by epoxidation of &bgr;-isophorone with organic percarboxylic acids at a water content of less than 5 wt. %.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new compound, epoxyvibsanin B, which can be used to treat an IL-12 overproduction-related disorder such as an inflammatory disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new compound, epoxyvibsanin B, which can be used to treat an IL-12 overproduction-related disorder such as an inflammatory disease.

Abstract: A curable composition comprises a compound having at least one epoxy group and at least one styrenic or cinnamyl group per molecule.

Abstract: The invention provides a multistep process for preparing 1,2-diamino compounds of formula wherein R1, R1′, R2, R2′, R3 and R4 have the meaning given in the specification and pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts thereof, from 1,2-epoxides of formula wherein R1, R′, R2 and R2′ have the meaning given in the specification.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there are provided cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds and thermosetting resin compositions prepared therefrom. Inventive compounds are based on polycyclic hydrocarbon backbones, as illustrated by the following exemplary structure: wherein: each R is independently lower alkyl or halogen, n′″ is 1 up to about 8, and each x is independently 0, 1, or 2. Inventive compounds provide resins with desirable characteristics such as, for example, hydrophobicity, high Tg values, ionic purity, hydrolytic stability, and the like.

Abstract: An epoxycyclododecane compound is produced by a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene, using a specific platinum-containing catalyst having a long life, under a hydrogen gas pressure of 0.8 to 9 MPa, and with a high yield of the target compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides new synthetic methods and compositions. In particular, new methods of preparing intermediates useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors and compositions useful as intermediates that are themselves useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: A stereospecific method for accomplishing the below reaction: results in the compound of formula 2 having the same stereochemistry at both carbon 1 and carbon 3 as that in the compound of formula 1. Thus, if carbon 3 is in the R-configuration in the compound of formula 1, then carbon 3 will be in the R-configuration in the compound of resulting formula 2. In the above process, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl that can be straight-chain or branched. The process functions using a fluorinated alcohol having a pKa less than about 9, in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The compounds of formula 1, as well as novel intermediates in this process, are useful in manufacturing vitamin D analogs.

Abstract: An epoxycyclododecane compound is produced by a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of 1,2-epoxy-5,9-cyclododecadiene, using a specific platinum-containing catalyst having a long life, under a hydrogen gas pressure of 0.8 to 9 MPa, and with a high yield of the target compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides new synthetic methods and compositions. In particular, new methods of preparing intermediates such as those having formulas (I)-(IV), useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors and compositions useful as intermediates that are themselves useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: Halogen-free epoxy resins that arise from the addition of an epoxy component to a phenol component with base catalysis are disclosed, whereby the molar mass can be adjusted by means of the molar ratios of the initial materials. The resulting resins can be used in the field of electronics, both as molding compounds and as circuit board materials and adhesives.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl methyl ketones of the general formula I, in particular of the (1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl methyl ketone of the formula Ia ##STR1## which is required for preparing the red dye capsorubin which is in demand, starts from 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanones of the general formula II ##STR2## where R is hydrogen or a protective group, via the novel intermediates of the general formulae V and VI ##STR3## by diastereoselective epoxidation and reaction of the resulting 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes of the general formula VIII ##STR4## with Lewis acids and, where appropriate, removal of the protective group. Also claimed are the novel intermediates of the formula V and their (1S) and (1R) isomers and those of the formula VIII as well as their (1R,3S,6S), (1S,3S,6R) and (1R,3R,6S) isomers.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as monomers in photopolymerizable compositions. Also disclosed are methods of polymerizing these monomers, and polymers produced thereby.

Abstract: Novel iridoid derivatives represented by general formula (I): and a vascularization inhibitor having for its active ingredient said derivative are disclosed. This vascularization inhibitor has remarkable vascularization inhibitory effects unaccompanied by serious adverse side effects, which is useful for the treatment and prevention of various diseases accompanied by abnormal acceleration of vascularization.

Abstract: A bis(methoxymethyl)biphenyl having the formula (I): ##STR1## which is capable of producing by a dehalogenating coupling of a halogenated methoxymethylbenzene and which is useful as an intermediate for a phenol novolak condensate, an epoxy resin curing agent, an epoxy resin composition, or a phenol resin composition.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## is disclosed as a retroviral protease inhibitor compound. Also disclosed are methods and compositions for inhibiting an HIV infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides new synthetic methods and compositions. In particular, new methods of preparing intermediates useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors and compositions useful as intermediates that are themselves useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant growth regulator comprising as an active ingredient an epoxycyclohexane derivative represented by general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, alkyl group or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups or are combined to form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 polymethylene group which may be substituted with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, alkyl group, as well as to a plant growth regulator comprising the epoxycyclohexane derivative and a brassinosteroid as active ingredients. The epoxycyclohexane derivatives exhibit a potent plant growth regulating action which is equivalent to or higher than that of abscisic acid, and are useful as plant growth regulators such as a plant growth accelerator, a germination growth accelerator, a transpiration and wilting inhibitor, a cold resistance enhancer, an accelerator for growing, thickening or maturing fruits, roots, stems or bulbs, etc..

Abstract: Novel carbocyclic compounds are described. The compounds generally comprise an acidic group, a basic group, a substituted amino or N-acyl and a group having an optionally hydroxylated alkane moiety. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the invention are also described. Methods of inhibiting neuraminidase in samples suspected of containing neuraminidase are also described. Antigenic materials, polymers, antibodies, conjugates of the compounds of the invention with labels, and assay methods for detecting neuraminidase activity are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are an improvement of a process for the preparation of a purified 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl(meth)acrylate, and a stabilized 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl(meth)acrylate.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing rodlike mesogenic moieties are prepared from phenolic hydroxyl containing compounds which contain such moieties.

Abstract: A suitably functionalized cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide can be used to convert unsaturated sites to alcohol or epoxy sites. The cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide may be useful in applications such as the preparation of polycarbonates, polyurethanes, or crosslinked polybutadiene, or poly(styrene-butadiene). The cycloaliphatic nitrile oxide is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' and each R are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, or halo; X and X' are independently hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, or together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an epoxy group, with the proviso that at least one of X and X' is not hydrogen; and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A process for producing 3,4-caranediol of the formula [I] includes subjecting 3,4-epoxycarane, which is obtained by epoxidizing 3-carene under specific conditions, to a hydration reaction in the presence of a base catalyst in aqueous ethanol under pressure to obtain 3,4-caranediol.

Abstract: New biotenside esters, processes for their preparation and their use as solvents and hydrotropic agents (coemulgators) in the preparation of spontaneously dispersible concentrates containing therapeutic or cosmetic agents are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an epoxycyclohexenedione derivative represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkanoyl group having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, a straight-chain alkenoyl group having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (A): ##STR2## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity and antitumor activity.

Abstract: Novel (meth)acrylates containing urethane groups Novel (meth)acrylates which also contain urethane groups and other polymerizable groups in one and the same molecule and can be polymerized either by means of free radicals and/or cationically are used for the production of coatings, adhesives, photoresists, solder masks or in stereolithography. The mouldings produced therefrom contain a coherent, homogeneous network and have high strength properties, in particular mechanical properties.

Abstract: Process for preparing highly pure enantiomers of oxirane alcohols, which comprises recrystallizing a mixture of the isomeric oxirane alcohols, in which the desired enantiomer is present in an excess of at least 60% ee, in a solvent or solvent mixture at a temperature just below the melting point of the oxirane alcohol.Oxirane alcohols prepared according to the invention are distinguished by high enantiomer purity. Ferroelectric liquid crystals, which contain highly pure enantiomers of oxirane alcohols according to the invention and/or derivatives derived therefrom, have particularly short switching times.

Abstract: A process for producing an epoxide represented by the formula (2) which comprises reacting an olefin represented by the formula (1) with oxygen in the presence of an aldehyde and in the presence or absence of a proton source by using no catalyst or using an iron-containing or copper-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 are hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1-6 carbons, or halogen; A is (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0-5, lower branched chain alkyl having 3-6 carbons, cycloalkyl having 3-6 carbons, alkenyl having 2-6 carbons and 1 or 2 double bonds, alkynyl having 2-6 carbons and 1 or 2 triple bonds; B is hydrogen, COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.8, CONR.sub.9 R.sub.10, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.11, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.11, CHO, CH(OR.sub.12).sub.2, CHOR.sub.13 O, --COR.sub.7, CR.sub.7 (OR.sub.12).sub.2, or CR.sub.7 OR.sub.13 O, where R.sub.7 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkenyl group containing 1 to 5 carbons, R.sub.8 is an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons, or R.sub.8 is phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 independently are hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, or a cycloalkyl group of 5-10 carbons, or phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.11 is lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are the improvements of a process for the preparation of a purified 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl (meth)acrylate and 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl (meth)acrylate which is prepared by the improvements, including only minor amounts of polymers having a low molecular weight composed of 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl (meth)acrylate itself.Furthermore, disclosed is a 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl methyl (meth)acrylate composition which has an excellent resistance to coloring, including a specified organic phosphorous compound.

Abstract: Manumycin C, Manumycin D and Manumycin E, obtainable by cultivation of a strain of Streptomyces sp. A.T.C.C. No. 55484, oxidized derivatives thereof and salts and prodrugs of these compounds. The novel compounds have antibacterial and antitumor activity.

Abstract: Carboxamide derivatives of the following general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or both taken together C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylene group,R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom, dialkylamino group, etc.,R.sup.4 is hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group,R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group,m, n, q are an integer from 0-3,p is 0, 1,A ring is ##STR2## B ring is 5 or 6 membered nitrogen containing aromatic ring, are provided, which are useful as medicinals for treating hyperlipemia or atherosclerosis.

Abstract: Alkenes can be expoxidized with hydrogen peroxide using a homogeneous heavy metal catalyst, but discharge of spent reaction mixtures releases the heavy metal in the environment. The problem can be ameliorated by selecting a heterogeneous catalyst system comprising a tungsten-containing heteropolyacid supported on selected Group IIa, IIb, IVa or IVb inorganic supports or on a strong basic resin, which catalyst has either been calcined after impregnation of in the impregnation stage an alcoholic solution of the heteropolyacid is employed and by employing a nitrilo or oxygenated polar solvent reaction medium. A number of preferred heteropolyacids satisfy the empirical formula M.sub.3/n PW.sub.w MO.sub.12-w O.sub.40 in which w represents an integer of at least 1, M represents a counterion and n its basicity. Preferred supports include activated alumina, calcined at 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. and cross-linked quaternary ammonium-substituted polystyrene resins.