Abstract: A ceramic structure including a metallic body such as an electric heater. The metallic body is retained in a retaining portion of the ceramic structure in such a manner that a minute cavity is provided around the metallic body. This ceramic structure is produced by forming an organic film around the metallic body, preparing a ceramic structure including the metallic body surrounded with the organic film in a retaining portion of the ceramic structure, and heating the resultant structure so as to decompose the organic film, whereby a minute cavity is formed around the metallic body.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying device for use with a diesel engine comprising a filter block disposed in an engine exhaust passage for collecting exhaust gas particulates, and a heater for incinerating the collected exhaust gas particulates. The filter block has parallel channels defined therein and separated from one another by porous partition walls, some of the channels being closed at their inlet ends with blind plugs while the other channels are closed at their outlet ends with blind plugs. The heater is supported by the blind plugs.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device provided with a filter member for collecting carbon particulates in exhaust gases discharged from a diesel engine and an electric heater for burning off the particulates collected by the filter member, is disclosed. The filter member is composed of a large number of intersecting porous walls which define a large number of inlet gas passages and outlet gas passages which are adjacent to each other. The electric heater is composed of at least one film-shaped heating resistor which is directly formed on the upstream end surface of the filter member so as to be integral therewith. When the amount of carbon particulates collected by the filter member reaches a predetermined level, electric current is supplied to the electric heater. The carbon particulates adhered to the upstream end surface of the filter member are ignited and burnt off. Then, the combustion of carbon particulates spreads to the other carbon particulates collected in the other portion of the filter member.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine which burns a hydrocarbon fuel mixture and which produces a carbonaceous particle carrying exhaust gas stream that passes through a filter of the system that retains at least part of the particles therein, the system having a burn-off unit for periodically burning the retained particles in the filter to tend to periodically clean the filter of the retained particles thereof. The burn-off unit is adapted to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the filter to particle burning temperature thereof, the burn-off unit injecting and burning a certain amount of the hydrocarbon fuel mixture in the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device comprises at least one exhaust gas flowing passage, at least one particulates collecting member composed of two filter elements having different heat capacity, which is disposed within the exhaust gas flowing passage and heating means which is interposed between the filter elements so as to be closely contacted therewith. The filter element having smaller heat capacity is disposed on the upper stream side of the heating means and the filter element having larger heat capacity is disposed on the downstream side thereof. The filter element having smaller heat capacity is rapidly heated by the heating means and the heat of the filter element having smaller heat capacity is transmitted to the filter element having larger heat capacity. All of the particulates collected by the particulates collecting member can be burnt off with excellent heat efficiency.

Abstract: A separator for separating particles carried in a fluid carrying medium is disclosed. The separator includes an elongated duct and associated openings incorporated in a solid body. The duct is axisymmetrical relative to its longitudinal axis, and includes a curved wall portion having a curved cross-section taken along the longitudinal axis. An axisymmetrical opening located downstream of the curved wall portion leads from the duct into an axisymmetrical channel which is substantially radially disposed relative to the longitudinal axis. Continuation of the duct downstream of the opening is a discharge portion which is substantially colinear with the longitudinal axis. In operation, a substantial majority of the fluid carrying medium leaves the duct radially through the opening and channel in a state substantially free of particles.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine which burns a hydrocarbon fuel mixture and which produces a carbonaceous particle carrying exhaust gas stream that passes through a filter of the system that retains at least part of the particles therein, the system having a burn-off unit for periodically burning the retained particles in the filter to tend to periodically clean the filter of the retained particles thereof. The burn-off unit is adapted to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the filter to particle burning temperature thereof, the burn-off unit injecting and burning a certain amount of the hydrocarbon fuel mixture in the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas stream intermediate the engine and the filter.

Abstract: Particle-laden exhaust gases flow through a first stage consisting of a filter cake so the particles of sizes of the order of microns are trapped over the surface of the filter cake and agglomerated or granulated and the agglomerated or granulated particles are entrained by the flow of exhaust gases into an inertia type particle collector or separator in which they are separated from the exhaust gases and the collected particles are burned out by an electric heating element.

Abstract: This invention provides improvements in method of and apparatus for reducing an emitted amount of particulates by collecting the particulates contained in the exhaust gas from a diesel engine by a trapper. According to the invention, firstly, an excess amount of the particulates which have adhered to the trapper is detected, and thereafter, temperature of the trapper being within a range of self-burning temperature of the particulates is detected. When necessity for regenerating the trapper is ascertained based on the both detections described above, the inlet side of the trapper is heated to a range of igniting temperature of the particulates, whereby a large igniting energy required for propagating combustion is accumulated. Thereafter, secondary air is supplied to the trapper to ignite the particulates, and combustion is propagated to the particulates being within the range of self-burning temperature thereof by the secondary air continuously supplied, to thereby regenerate the trapper.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device for an internal combustion engine comprises a housing provided with an inlet port which is communicated with an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine and an outlet port, two particulates collecting members disposed in two independent exhaust gas flowing passages which are communicated with the inlet port through an inlet chamber and with the outlet port through an outlet chamber, a butterfly valve provided in the inlet chamber for alternately directing the exhaust gases into either one of the exhaust gas flowing passages and a heated air supplying means for burning off the particulates collected by the particulates collecting members, which is provided with a heated air outlet port opening into the inlet chamber so as to be opposed to the inlet port with the butterfly valve therebetween.

Abstract: A cooking unit having a hood equipped with air cleaning structures and blowers for moving air through the cleaning structures. The air cleaning structures include a pre-filter having spaced baffles for collecting air borne greases and particles. A primary fiber filter and secondary charcoal and oxidizer beds are located downstream of the pre-filter. A high efficiency filter is located downstream of the secondary cleaning beds. A damper behind the pre-filter closes in response to an increase in temperature of the air moving through the filters. A separate heating unit is used to reactivate the charcoal.

Abstract: A diesel exhaust particulate filter contains a high temperature depth type filter material arranged in a reflexive path throughout which diesel particulates are collected from engine exhaust gases passed therethrough. Upstream and downstream portions of the filter flow path are disposed in heat exchange relation. Upon heating of the incoming gases to the incineration temperature of collected particulates, the heat of combustion in the downstream portion will be partially transferred to the upstream portion, providing more even temperature levels and improving balance of the incineration process.

Abstract: A filter adapted to connect to an internal combustion engine in relatively close proximity to the engine. The filter will receive a stream of hot exhaust gas immediately as the latter passes from the engine's combustion chambers. The gas then passes through a filter bed disposed within a manifold system incorporated into the filter. The filter bed includes means for stabilizing the temperature thereof within a desired range, regardless of the operating condition of the engine, and the temperature of exhaust gas.

Abstract: A diesel engine exhaust particulate filter-incinerator comprising an enclosed filter panel having particulate deposition surfaces bordered by electrodes of a high voltage power supply. Periodic incineration is accomplished by the collection on the surfaces of particulates in amounts sufficient to conduct sufficient electric current along paths through the particulates to heat them to incineration temperature. Ignition and burn off of particulates may be automatically accomplished by maintaining a suitable voltage across the electrodes at the edges of the collection surfaces to initiate arc-like current flow before the collected particulates reach a level that would plug the filter. Specific embodiments of exemplary filter constructions are disclosed.

Abstract: A separator for use in separating air-born rock material from air. The separator comprises a housing defining a generally horizontal air flow path with at least one set of spiral deflector bands within the housing extending across the flow path. Each band preferably comprises a twisted strip of material which is resilient, but the strip can also be made from rigid or flexible material.

Abstract: An induction type cyclonic separator particularly adapted for handling adherent or sticky materials, comprises downwardly converging lower frustoconical body means having a larger diameter upper circumferential edge and a smaller diameter lower circumferential edge for forming an outlet for separated solid material; downwardly diverging upper frustoconical body means having a smaller diameter upper circumferential edge and a larger diameter lower circumferential edge, said lower circumferential edge being introduced within the upper circumferential edge of said lower frustoconical body means in order to have said lower circumferential edge of said upper frustoconical body means arranged concentrically within the conical wall of said lower frustoconical body means; annular lid means between said upper and said lower body means for closing the span therebetween, inlet means tangencially arranged on the wall of said upper body means; circular lid means on the upper end of said upper frustoconical body means; ver

Abstract: The invention concerns the cleaning of the granulate filter bed material of a gas filter. The granulate material is contained in the spaces between two or more gas-permeable walls. The walls are designed as vertical tubes which may be cylindrical or consist of two cones with their bases together. The crude gas passes transversely through these walls from an outer chamber into an inner chamber from where it is led away as purified gas. A transfer pipe runs from the bottom of the filter bed to the top. A current of conveyor air is forced through the transfer pipe so that it carries the granulate material from the bottom to the top of the filter bed. At the top of the filter bed the conveyor air escapes through a gas-permeable hood while the granulate material falls into the space(s) between the gas-permeable walls, passes down between the walls and eventually reaches the bottom of the filter bed again.

Abstract: A granular bed filter, capable of being backwashed, is disclosed without screens. The filter beds of granular material are generally U-shaped in section.

Abstract: The filter apparatus includes a plurality of hollow filter chambers each including a filter bed whose volume greatly exceeds the volume of the granular filter material such as sand. The beds are backwashed by a steady flow of low pressure air sufficient to fluidize the beds.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating solid substances from a stream of gas employing vertical deflecting plates extending parallel to one another but arranged inclined to the direction of gas flow. The deflecting plates are provided with open collecting grooves and with a fluidizing layer of gas on the outer surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A continuously regenerating granular filter operable at high temperature and pressure includes a filter chamber with a gas inlet and gas outlet. A filter bed in the chamber located between the gas inlet and gas outlet is adapted to hold a filter medium and permit gas to flow therethrough. The filter bed includes inlet means and outlet means for enabling the filter medium to move through the filter bed. The filter also includes filter medium cleaning means for cleaning the filter medium. Filter medium transport means operates to transport the filter means from the outlet means, through the cleaning means and to the inlet means.

Abstract: A solid fuel fired gas turbine system for generating electric power which includes a generator, a turbine for operating the generator, a combustion chamber for burning solid fuel to form heated gas under pressure for operating the turbine, and a continuously regenerating granular filter for removing particulate matter from the pressurized, heated gas. The granular filter is operable at high temperature and pressure and is particularly well suited for continuously cleaning the pressurized, hot gas used to operate the gas turbine without significant loss of gas pressure or temperature.

Abstract: Finely divided solids are removed from a feed gas by passing the gas through an elongated annular mass of solid particulate contact material held between two generally concentric cylindrical walls. The outer wall is louvered having vanes outwardly inclined to the vertical at 15.degree. to 80.degree. and the louver openings are of such width that most of the particles of contact material are capable of passing through them. The inner wall is perforated to permit passage of gas through the wall and may be louvered similarly to the outer wall but having the louver vanes inwardly inclined. The finely divided solids are entrained or trapped in the mass of contact material which is moved downwardly through and out of the annular space between the two concentric cylindrical walls. The contact material is then treated to separate entrained finely divided solids and returned to the upper end of the annular space.

Abstract: There is provided a puffback technique for cleaning a panel bed contactor suitable for chemical or physical treatment of gas and granular material. Free surfaces for entry of gas are supported cooperatively by louvers. A puffback technique is provided for cleaning the gas entry surfaces to rid them of granular material "spent" by the treatment, including accumulated dust if the treatment includes filtration to remove dust from a gas. The puffback consists of a reverse transient flow across the panel bed of an intensity moderated so that the reverse pressure differential exceeds a first critical minimum for a time interval between about 5 and 150 milliseconds (preferably less than 50 milliseconds if the treatment includes filtration) and achieves a top value beyond a second critical minimum.

Abstract: There is provided an improved panel bed of granular material useful for filtering dust from a gas and especially suitable for construction in tall panels of high gas-treating capacity. Free surfaces for entry of gas are supported cooperatively by "chevron louvers" each having an upper and a lower surface, articulated at an edge joint within the panel bed. The upper surface has an outer edge that supports the outer edge of a given free surface, and the lower surface has an outer edge contiguous with the inner edge of the next subjacent free surface. Cleaning is by puffback to remove dust accumulated on the gas entry surfaces during filtration along with a portion of the granular material. A line drawn through the outer edge of the lower surface of a louver and the edge joint of the next subjacent louver forms an angle of less than about 60.degree. to the horizontal, preventing dust that has penetrated into the panel bed from being dragged downward within the bed during the puffback cleaning.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of particulate matter and sulfur oxides from waste gases is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a vessel for cross-current contacting of the waste gas with a moving bed of acceptor for sulfur oxides, and separate processing chambers for removal of the particulate matter from the loaded acceptor, for the removal of sulfur oxides for the loaded acceptor, and for reactivating the acceptor.

Abstract: There is provided an improved panel bed gas-solid contactor fitted for puffback cleaning and for use with a relatively fine granular material, such as smaller than about 20 mesh, at large gas face velocities (i.e., the horizontal velocity of gas across the panel bed), in which the fine material is prevented from blowing away from gas exit portions of the panel bed by mounting a column of closely spaced louvers next to these portions, providing a second column of substantially horizontal louvers spaced apart from the closely spaced louvers, and filling the space between the two louver columns with a coarser granular material, such as 10-14 mesh. The coarser material is also preferably denser. The contactor is well suited for use at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The dust collecting efficiency of a gravel bed filter system in which a plurality of filter modules receive dirty gas from and dischage backflush gas and collected dust into a plenum chamber is enhanced by continuously drawing gas from a downstream end of the plenum chamber, passing the withdrawn gas through a cyclone separator, and returning the gas to the upstream end of the plenum chamber.