Abstract: Macrocyclic oligomers, including polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, polyetherketones and polyethersulfones, are conveniently prepared from various spiro(bis)indane compounds, especially the 6,6'-difunctional 3,3',3'-tetramethylspiro(bis)indanes. The macrocyclic oligomers may be conveniently converted to linear polymers.

Abstract: A novel class of silicon-containing vinyl polymers having in its molecule at least one constitutent unit of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon residue; R.sup.2 is ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl group; R.sup.4 is a substituent directly bonded to silicon atom and is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene containing hetero atoms; m and n each is a positive integer, which will fulfill the requirement of 2.ltoreq.m+m.ltoreq.4; A is a direct bond, ##STR3## phenylene or substituted phenylene; B is ##STR4## R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each represents an alkylene, providing that when A is ##STR5## m+n is 2. The present vinyl polymers are very useful in various technical fields including preparation of lens and other molding products, paints and various industrial resins.

Abstract: A composition and method for treating fibers is based on a mixture of an organopolysiloxane having at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon radical directly bonded to a silicon atom and a carboxylic acid containing at least one ethylene oxide unit. The carboxylic acid reacts with the amino radicals to reduce yellowing and oxidation of the fiber treatment. The composition and method provide non-yellowing fibers and a treatment agent that does not gel during use, such as when exposed to carbon dioxide and/or used to treat carbon fibers.

Abstract: A benzonaphthalene compound has the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents ##STR2## or (ii) --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sub.6 represents ##STR3## or OR.sub.7 wherein R.sub.7 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, monohydroxyalkyl or polyhydroxyalkyl, r' or r" represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl or a residue of an amino acid or a sugar, or together form a heterocycle; R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl having 1-15 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-4 carbon atoms or a cycloaliphatic radical; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-10 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical, a thiocycloaliphatic radical or --O--Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.8 represents lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy or lower acyloxy.This compound is useful in the topical and systemic treatment of dermatologic diseases and in the treatment of the degeneration of conjunctive tissues.

Abstract: Polysiloxane-polyurea block copolymers are prepared from isocyanate and aminophenoxy functional polyorganosiloxane. These block copolymers are hydrolytically stable and exhibit improved thermal stability compared to aminoalkyl functional polyorganosiloxanes.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds containing at least one acylamino-substituted hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting an organohydroxysilicon compound containing at least one silicon-bonded hydroxy radical with a base to yield a silanolate. The silanolate is reacted with a cyclic aminosilane compound to form a siloxyalkylamide that is then reacted with an acyl chloride to give the desired product. All reactions can be carried out in a single reaction vessel using a nonaqueous solvent.

Abstract: Mercaptan substituted silicon compounds are produced by the reaction of amine with carboxyl. UV curable silicon compositions are produced from such compounds.

Abstract: An organosilicon compound which contains a highly reactive (meth)acrylamide and a siloxane group with a molecule has the following formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a methyl group or hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, Q is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1-8 carbon atoms, A is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon carbon group or --QSiR.sup.n.sup.2 [OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ].sub.3-n, and n is an integer from 0-2.

Abstract: Product of condensation of a silanol or a silanol derivative, which comprises an Si atom carrying two organic radicals and two oxygen atoms connected to organic groups other than the radicals; at least one of these organic groups carries at least one NH and a NH.sub.2.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing silane compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a fluorine-containing C.sub.4 --C.sub.18 aliphatic group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, A is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene group or a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 acyl group, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 acyl group, A' is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene group, A" is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene group, and Q is --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, B is a group of the formula: ##STR3## in which R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each a straight or branched C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 alkylene group, and p is 2 or 3, X is chlorine or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy group, X' is chlorine or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or alkoxy group, a phenyl group or a glycidyl group, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer of 0 to 40, which modifies surface characteristics of a solid substrate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel process for the preparation of poly(N-acylethyleneimine) grafted polysiloxanes comprising sulfo-esterifying all or part of alcoholic hydroxyl groups of a hydroxy containing polysiloxane and conducting, in said sulfo-esterification reaction mixture, ring-opening polymerization of a 2-oxazoline compound. The present process can afford the desired poly(N-acylethyleneimine) grafted polysiloxane in a higher reaction yield.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising an acrylamido-acyl or methacrylamido-acyl oligomer derived from at least one nucleophilic oligomer having at least one amino-, hydroxyl-, or thio-substituted polyoxyalkylene, polyalkyleneimine, polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylate, or polysiloxane oligomer, said nucleophilic oligomer having a molecular weight in the range of 200 to 20,000 is disclosed. Also disclosed are free radically polymerizable monomer-containing compositions containing said oligomers as well as acrylamido- and methacrylamido-acylated polymers which are the thermal or photocured products of said oligomers. In addition, a process is disclosed for providing said acrylamido- and methacrylamido-acylated oligomers which are useful, for example, in coatings, films, printing inks, adhesives, and saturants.

Abstract: An antifoamer which comprises a polyperfluoroether group-containing organopolysiloxane comprising from 20 to 100 mole % of the polyperfluoroether group-containing organopolysiloxane units of a specific type is described. The content of fluorine atoms in the polyperfluoroether group-containing organopolysiloxane is in the range of from 20 to 70 wt % by which foams of organic solvent systems can be inhibited to a substantial extent.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkynyl, both optionally substituted by lower alkyl, halogen or trialkylsilyl; E is CN or CSNH.sub.2 ; and Y is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkynyloxy, 1-pyrazolyl or 2-furyl. The compounds have fungicidal and plant growth regulating activity.

Abstract: A process for the neutralization, clarification and decolorization of organosilanes or organosilicones derived from the reaction of an organosilane or a hydropolysiloxane with an aliphatically unsaturated compound in the presence of an acidic platinum catalyst, a process for the conversion of a soluble platinum catalyst into an insoluble form and a process for the recovery of a platinum catalyst from an insoluble anion exchange resin which comprises:(a) contacting a reaction mixture of the organosilane or organosilicone with a basic anionic exchange resin having a free amino or quaternized ammonium salt functionality in an insoluble polymeric matrix under conditions suitable to bind the soluble platinum catalyst to said resin;(b) separating said resin containing bound platinum catalyst from the organosilane or organosilicone reaction mixture and, optionally,(c) treating the separated resin with an inorganic base to convert the bound platinum catalyst to a recoverable salt or(d) subjecting the resin containing

Abstract: A polish formulation containing as components at least one member selected from the group consisting of waxes, solvents, surfactants, thickening agents, abrasives, dyes, odorants, and other ingredients normally used in making polishes, and as an improvement incorporating a composition which is the reaction product of an acid anhydride and an aminofunctional siloxane. The resulting zwitterionic aminofunctional siloxane can, if desired, be further reacted with a strong acid to provide an equilibrium of the zwitterion and a conjugate acid base pair of the zwitterion and the acid. The invention also includes a method of sheeting water on a surface with the polish, a method of making an aminofunctional siloxane zwitterionomer, and an aminofunctional zwitterionomeric siloxane compound which is the reaction product.

Abstract: This invention relates to acetylenic esters that are useful in the treatment of fungal diseases and hypercholesterolemic conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes and intermediates for the preparation of 5-amino-4-hydroxyvaleric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, and R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted hydroxy or amino, by sigmatropic rearrangement of a suitable allyl ester, halolactonisation of the resulting .gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated acid or of a suitable derivative thereof, exchange of halogen for a nitrogen-containing nucleophile, opening of the lactone ring and freeing of the amino group. Compounds of the formula I are starting materials for the preparation of renin-inhibitors which have an anti-hypertensive action.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## are disclosed in which Z is ##STR2## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are alkyl groups with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups with 2 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one of the R.sup.1, R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 groups having at least 10 carbon atoms,R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7 are alkyl groups with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups with 2 to 22 carbon atoms,R.sup.6 is --O-- or the NR.sup.8 group, R.sup.8 being an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen group,x is 2 to 4,M is a bivalent hydrocarbon group with at least 4 carbon atoms, which has a hydroxyl group and may be interrupted by an oxygen atom,n is a number from 0 to 200, andX.crclbar. is an inorganic or organic anion.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds containing at least one acylamino-substituted hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting an organosilicon compound containing at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon radical with an acyl halide in the presence of a large particle size solid base such as a basic ion exchange resin. A solvent is required only when it is necessary to reduce the viscosity of the reactants.

Abstract: A novel class of polymerizable monomers containing silicons represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon residue; R.sup.2 represents an alkylene attached to silicon atom and selected from an unsubstituted alkylene, a substituted alkylene, an unsubstituted alkylene containing hetero atoms or a substituted alkylene containing hetero atoms; m and n each represents a positive number which will fulfil the requirement of 2.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.4; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl; A is a direct bond, ##STR2## or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene; B is ##STR3## R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each represents an alkylene, providing that when A represents ##STR4## m+n is 2. The invention also provides a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: Novel nitrogen-containing calixarene derivatives which are useful for sequestration of transition metals are represented by the formulae ##STR1## wherein m+n=4,6 or 8n=an integer 1-8m=an integer 0-7x=4, 6 or 8R.sup.1 is H, alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aroyl, or alkoyl,R is aliphatic or aromatic, unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl containing nitrogen,R.sup.4 is unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl, carbonyl or aryl;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 (which may be the same or different) are hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl.A process for separating transition metals from mixtures containing such metals comprises treating such a mixture with a calixarene derivative of formula I or II as defined above and separating therefrom a complex of the calixarene derivative and the transition metal. The complex may then be broken down, the transition metal recovered and the calixarene derivative recycled for further use in the process.

Abstract: A process for making 2,6-disubstituted tyrosine by the noble metal coupling of a disubstituted aromatic halide or diazonium salt with an amino-protected 2-aminoacrylic acid to form a (Z)-.beta.-(disubstituted phenyl)-.alpha.-acylaminoacrylate, and asymmetrically hydrogenating the acrylate to produce the 2,6-disubstituted tyrosine.

Abstract: A siloxane-amide block copolymer represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification, is disclosed. The polymer of formula (I) is produced by reacting a polycondensate of a diaminosiloxane and a dicarboxylic acid dihalide with an epoxysilane to induce ring-opening addition reaction between the terminal amino groups of the polymer and the epoxy group of the epoxysilane. The siloxane-amide block copolymer exhibits excellent processability and reactive curability due to the hydrolyzable silyl groups at the both terminals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dramatically improved process for the preparation of acrylamide and methacrylamide functional monomers, oligomers, and polymers that avoids the use of acidic catalysts which can cause undesired side reactions. The present invention process involves reacting an alkenyl azlactone with a hydroxy functional compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of either a bicyclic amidine or a trivalent phosphorus compound. These efficient basic catalysts provide unexpectedly increased reaction rates under mild conditions.

Abstract: The present invention comprises reaction products resulting from the reaction of hydrazido-substituted or certain amino-substituted polymer stabilizers and cyclic dianhydrides, as well as the use of such products. The polymer stabilizers of the invention are useful for protecting a large variety of synthetic polymeric organic materials from the degradative effects of heat, light and oxygen. Some of the modifiers are flame retardants and many are metal deactivators in addition to their primary activity.

Abstract: The novel urethanes are composed essentially of fluoroalcohol-isocyanate adducts as the fluoro component and a polysiloxane component, the two components being combined in a structurally specific manner. The novel urethanes are prepared by reacting the fluoroalcohol-isocyanate adducts with the polysiloxane in a molar ratio of 1 to 2:1 at a temperature of 30.degree. to 130.degree. C. The novel urethanes are preferably used for finishing textiles, to which they also impart the property of a soft handle in addition to good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. They are also suitable for finishing leather, skins and wood.

Abstract: Novel ionomeric silane coupling agents are disclosed and their use in bonding a matrix polymer to a mineral substrate is described. The coupling agents comprise amic acid-functional silanes which are partially neutralized with metal cations and are prepared by reacting a mixture of (I) an amine-functional silane, (II) a stoichiometric excess of a dicarboxylic organic acid and (III) an ionic compound containing a metal cation, wherein 10% to 80% of the excess carboxylic acid functionality is neutralized by the metal cations. The coupling agents greatly improve bonding to the matrix polymer in moist environments and are particularly suitable for use in formulating filled injection molding compositions.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds containing at least one acylamino-substituted hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting an organosilicon compound containing at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon radical with an acyl halide in a nonaqueous solvent in the presence of an aqueous alkaline material and an additive that facilitates the transfer of the alkaline material into the nonaqueous phase.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds containing at least one acylamino-substituted hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting an organosilicon compound containing at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon radical with an acyl halide in a nonaqueous solvent and in the presence of a metal alkoxide in a nonaqueous cosolvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to mixed silane reagents containing a complexon group in the reagent molecule, a method of making said reagents, and porous or nonporous inorganic materials having surface-bound complexon groups which are advantageously modified with the new reagents.The new mixed silane reagents are of the formula ##STR1## where R is methyl or ethyl and N is 0 or 1. The new reagents are produced by treatment of compounds of the formula(RO).sub.3 SiCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NHR.sup.2where R is methyl or ethyl with a dianhydride of the formula ##STR2## where n is 0 or 1. The new silane reagents II and III are used for the modification of inorganic materials, such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, and glass, to obtain modified materials containing the complexon groups of the formulas ##STR3## where n is 0 or 1, and where the groups of Formulas V and VI are bound to the surface of the inorganic materials via the silicon atoms, shown above as incomplete valences.

Abstract: Compounds of formula X ##STR1## in which R.sub.6 is aryl, R.sub.7 is hydrogen, --OH or alkyl, R.sub.8 is alkyl, R.sub.9 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, furyl or --CCl.sub.3, when n is 1, R.sub.10 is alkyl, aryl, camphoryl, --CF.sub.3 or fluoro, or when n is 2, R.sub.10 is alkylene or arylene are latent curing catalysts for acid-curable stoving varnishes. On irradiation, the active curing catalysts which lead to acid-catalysed curing of the resins are formed from the compounds of the formula x.

Abstract: Benzocyclobutene-functionalized organosilanes, and a method of increasing adhesion between a polymer and an inorganic surface by using benzocyclobutene-functionalized organosilanes as adhesion aids.

Abstract: A multistep process is disclosed for preparing azetidinone intermediates used in the making penems and carbapenems wherein intermediates containing ##STR1## R' is independently hydrogen or 1, 2 or 3 of lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, preferably hydrogen, wherein R" is methyl, ethyl, a phenyl or alkyl, preferably ethyl, as a readily removable nitrogen protecting group are made.

Abstract: Novel Isoprene Derivatives which have mucosa-protective and gastric acid secretion-inhibiting properties and are useful for combatting ulcers both by treating and as a prophylaxis against gastric and/or duodenal ulcers.

Abstract: This invention relates to chiral compositions.

Abstract: Novel substituted organosilicon carboxylates characterized by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein M is a monovalent cation: Z represents a moiety hydrolyzable to silanol; R.sup.

Abstract: A process for alkylating the alpha position of the 8-acyl side chain in mevinolin and analogs thereof is disclosed. The process proceeds with a single charge of base and alkyl halide to give products with a pharmaceutically acceptable purity.

Abstract: Novel supports useful in solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides of the formula ##STR1## wherein .circle.P is a material selected from the group consisting of functionalized glass micropellets, silica functionalized by aminoalkyl trialkoxysilane capable of to obtain for ##STR2## Kieselguhr, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose and metallic oxides, m is an integer from 1 to 20, A is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl and 5 to 6 member heterocycles, x and y are an integer from 0 to 20, x.sub.1 is an integer from 1 to 20 and y.sub.1 is an integer from 0 to 10, a process for the preparation of said supports, the use of said supports and intermediates.

Abstract: A repetitive immunoassay analytical method for determination of a free analyte is carried out by loading an affinity column of covalently bound analyte with tagged antibody, passing a continuous aqueous stream of carrier liquid over the column, introducing an aliquot of a sample to be analyzed for free analyte into the carrier stream upstream of the column, and monitoring the eluting carrier stream for a signal spike resulting from the presence of tagged antibody material released from the column by the application of free analyte in the analytical sample. Many samples may be analyzed by this method before the antibody-loaded affinity column needs to be regenerated. It is also disclosed that substrate-analyte conjugates of superior stability are produced by linking a substrate to a hydroxyalkyl analyte via an amino, hydrazide, or sulfide linking group replacing a hydroxy group.

Abstract: Improved bonding agent comprises a reaction product or mixture of an epoxyalkylalkoxysilane and a polyamine, and a resin composition comprising as the main ingredient conventional synthetic resin or synthetic rubber and the bonding agent as set forth above, which has excellent adhesion, particularly durability of adhesion, and is useful as an adhesive or a paint.

Abstract: N-Silylalkylamides are useful as adhesion promoters in room temperature vulcanizable compositions comprising polyalkoxysilyl-terminated polydiorganosiloxanes. The formamides, which are preferred, are novel compounds.

Abstract: A protective coating consists essentially of a polysiloxane copolymer characterized by being prepared by the reaction of a trimethyl end blocked polyamine silicone fluid including amino alkyl groups with a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid to produce a polysiloxane copolymer including alkyl amine groups and either amide groups or amine salts or the combination thereof. The polysiloxane copolymer is utilized alone or with additives to produce a high gloss detergent resistant, and rust protective coating.

Abstract: A surface treatment composition for glass fibers comprising an aqueous solution or emulsion of an organosilane which contains at least one isoimido group. The organosilane with the highest adhesion promotion is N-2-(isomaleimodo)aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl-trimethylsilane.

Abstract: Mercaptan substituted silicon compounds are produced by the reaction of amine with carboxyl. UV curable silicon compositions are produced from such compounds.

Abstract: Novel supports useful in solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides of the formula ##STR1## wherein .circle. is micro pellets of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, silica, Kieselguhr, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose and metallic oxides, m is an integer from 1 to 20, A is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated cycloalkylene of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl and 5 to 6 member heterocycles, x is an integer from 0 to 20, x.sub.1 is an integer from 0 to 10 and the amino group may be in the m-, p- or o-position, a process for the preparation of said supports, the use of said supports and intermediates.

Abstract: Fast high resolution separations of biopolymers with retention of biological activity have been achieved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using trialkoxy silyl ethers of the general formula(RO).sub.3 Si--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p R'chemically bonded to silica-based chromatographic supports. In the formula R is alkyl of from one to five carbons, m is an integer from two to five, n is an integer from one to five, p is an integer from zero of ten, and R' is methyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl. Stable and reproducible bonded phases are prepared in a novel solventless procedure by a bonding process which uses a defined and controlled amount of water on the silica surface and a gaseous or volatile basic catalyst such as ammonia to produce a controlled amount of silane polymerization and cross-linking in addition to extensive bonding between silane and silica.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising an acrylamido-acyl or methacrylamido-acyl oligomer derived from at least one nucleophilic oligomer having at least one amino-, hydroxyl-, or thiol-substituted polyoxyalkylene, polyalkyleneimine, polyester, polyolefin, polyacrylate, or polysiloxane oligomer, said nucleophilic oliogmer having a molecular weight in the range of 200 to 20,000 is disclosed. Also disclosed are free radically polymerizable monomer-containing compositions containing said oligomers as well as acrylamido- and methacrylamido-acylated polymers which are the thermal or photocured products of said oligomers. In addition, a process is disclosed for providing said acrylamido- and methacrylamido-acylated oligomers which are useful, for example, in coatings, films, printing inks, adhesives, and saturants.

Abstract: Silanes and organosiloxanes having the group ##STR1## wherein Q represents an olefinically-saturated divalent hydrocarbon group and Y represents --O--or --NH--.They can be prepared by the reaction of sodium sulphite or sodium bisulphite on the ester or amide ##STR2## and are useful as surface active agents.

Abstract: A novel methacrylic acid ester represented by General Formula (I): ##STR1## wherein l is an integer of 1 to 3; m is an integer of 1 to 10; and n is an integer of 1 to 3,and a process for producing the same. This novel methacrylic acid ester is useful for the synthesis of polymers having useful functions such as an oxygen enrichment performance.