Abstract: A continuous flow process for the preparation of one or more esters of lactic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic acid or ?-hydroxy methionine analogs from a sugar in the presence of a solid Lewis acid catalyst and a solvent comprising an organic solvent and water. The invention provides a stabilized Lewis acid catalyst for use in a continuous reaction process, where the water is present in an amount of up to or equal to 10 vol. % of the organic solvent.

Abstract: An amide is formed by reacting an ?-ketoacid or salt thereof in a decarboxylative condensation reaction with an amine or salt thereof comprising a nitrogen covalently bound to an atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The amide bond is formed between the ?-carbon of the ketoacid and the nitrogen of the amine. The ?-ketoacid can be formed using a novel sulfur reagent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediate compounds useful for the preparation of 1,2,5-thiadiazole compounds, including unsymmetrically substituted compounds such as 4-(3-secondary amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole compounds and azacyclic or azabicyclic 1,2,5-thiadiazole compounds and to processes for making the same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel cyanoalkylamino derivatives that are inhibitors of cysteine protease such as cathepsins K, S, B and L, in particular cathepsin K Pharmaceutical composition comprising these compounds, method of treating diseases mediated by unregulated cysteine protease activity, in particular cathepsin K utilizing these compounds and methods of preparing these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compound (III) which comprises the reaction between a compound of general formula (V) and dicyano acetylene (IV), said reaction carried out in the presence of water wherein R is selected from CF3, or C1 to C6 alkyl M is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal or silver.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compound (III) which comprises the reaction between a compound of general formula (V) and dicyano acetylene (IV), said reaction carried out in the presence of water (IV), (V), (III) wherein R is selected from CF3, or C1 to C6 alkyl M is an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal or silver

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral N-acetyl-alpha-amino acid salts of optically active ?-amino alkylnitriles, and also to a process for preparing optically active ?-amino alkylnitriles by resolving racemic ?-amino alkylnitriles using chiral N-acetyl-alpha-amino acids as resolving agent.

Abstract: 4-Haloalkylnicotinonitriles having the formula (I) which are suitable as intermediates in the preparation of pesticides, are obtained by: (a) reacting a 3-amino-1-haloalkyl-2-propen-1-one RF—C(O)—CH?CH—NH2??(II) in a condensation reaction with a compound of the formula (III) to (VII), (R1Z)CH?CH—CN??(III) (R1Z)2CH—CH2—CN??(IV) Hal-CH?CH—CN??(V) Hal2CH—CH2CN??(VI) HC?C—CN??(VII), to give a compound of the formula (VIII), (IX) and/or (X), RF—C(O)—CH?CH—NH—CH?CH—CN??(VIII) RF—C(O)—CH?CH—NH—CH(ZR1)—CH2—CN??(IX) RF—C(O)—CH?CH—NH—CH(Hal)—CH2—CN??(X), wherein RF is (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, R1 is alkyl, Hal is Cl or Br and each Z, independently, is O, S, NR1 or OCO; and (b) subjecting the reaction product to a ring closure reaction.

Abstract: Bis-sulfonamido hydroxyethylamino compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: &agr;- and &bgr;-amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel N-cyanomethyl amides which are cysteine protease inhibitors, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides thereof, their uses as therapeutic agents and the methods of their making.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel succinate derivative compounds of the formula (I)/(Ia): 1

Abstract: Novel indane and indene derivatives are described which are endothelin receptor antagonists.

Abstract: An article suitable for use as a biosensor includes a molecule of a formula X—R—Ch adhered to a surface of the article as part of a self-assembled monolayer. X is a functionality that adheres to the surface, R is a spacer moiety, and Ch is a chelating agent. A metal ion can be coordinated by the chelating agent, and a polyamino acid-tagged biological binding partner of a target biological molecule coordinated to the metal ion. A method of the invention involves bringing the article into contact with a medium containing or suspected of containing the target biological molecule and allowing the biological molecule to biologically bind to the binding partner. The article is useful particularly as a surface plasmon resonance chip.

Abstract: Novel indane and indene derivatives are described which are endothelin receptor antagonists.

Abstract: This invention relates to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibiting compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, straight or branched and optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, nitrile, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylamino, thio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylthio, aryl, --Oaryl or --OCH.sub.2 aryl where aryl is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, carboxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, carboxamido, or hydroxy; and C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkanesulfonyloxy. R.sup.2 is .alpha.-OH or .beta.-OH and R.sup.6 is H or R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 together are carbonyl; the chemical intermediates; and processes for the preparation of these compounds and the intermediates thereto.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-containing calcium dependent proteinases, including stromelysins, collagenases, and gelatinases.

Abstract: Novel indane and indene derivatives are described which are endothelin receptor antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention relates to phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents and the index have the following meanings: X is NOCH.sub.3, CHOCH.sub.3, CHCH.sub.3 and [sic] CHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ;R.sup.1 is hydrogen and [sic] C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.2 is cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and [sic] C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy;m is 0, 1 or 2, it being possible for the R.sup.2 radicals to be different if m is 2;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, amino, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.1 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino;R.sup.4 is hydrogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, amino, halogen,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkylcarbonyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkenylcarbonyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the free-radical addition of a mercaptan to a nonconjugated olefinic substrate having a terminal carbon-carbon double bond is disclosed. 2-Hydroxy-4-(ethylthio)butanoic acid (HMBA) or methionine can be prepared using this method. The nonconjugated olefinic substrate has the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of --COOH, --COOR.sup.2, --CONR.sup.3 R.sup.4, --CN and --CCl.sub.3, R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of --OH, --OCOR.sup.2, --NHCOR.sup.2 and --NH.sub.2, R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H and R.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention features compounds and methods for inhibiting hyper-proliferative cell growth. The compounds and method are preferably used to treat patients having a hyperproliferative cell disorder.

Abstract: This invention relates to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibiting compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, straight or branched and optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, amino, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamido, nitrile, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylamino, thio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylthio, aryl, --Oaryl or --OCH.sub.2 aryl where aryl is optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, carboxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, carboxamido, or hydroxy; and C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkanesulfonyloxy. R.sup.2 is .alpha.-OH or .beta.-OH and R.sup.6 is H or R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 together are carbonyl; the chemical intermediates; and processes for the preparation of these compounds and the intermediates thereto.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-containing calcium dependent proteinases, including stromelysins, collagenases, and gelatinases.

Abstract: A process comprises contacting, in the presence of a catalyst, hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan such as, for example, n-dodecyl mercaptan with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl acrylate wherein the catalyst comprises a pyridine derivative such as, for example, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or an ion exchange resin such as, for example, "AMBERLYST A-21" to produce a 3-hydrocarbylthio derivative of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl 3-(dodecylthio)propionate.

Abstract: Salts of formula (III) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents CN or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group, R.sub.2 a mononuclear C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group and R.sub.3 a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or hydrogen; and of formula (IV) ##STR2## wherein R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, Aryl a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 (substituted) phenyl group, and R', R" represent hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or R'+R" together represent C.sub.4 alkylene anda process for their preparation by reaction of the thiocarbamate of a primary aliphatic amine, of a bis-amine or of cyanamide with a guanidine hydrohalide.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel cyanoguanidine derivatives which are usable as an epoxy resin curing agent and are represented by the following general formula (1). A thermosetting resin composition and a photocurable and thermosetting resin composition containing the following cyanoguanidine derivatives and other derivatives as the epoxy resin curing agent are also disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (a) through (k).

Abstract: New cyanoalkene derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## are described, in which R and R.sup.1 have the meaning given in the description, and a process for their preparation.The new cyanoalkene derivatives are used for combating microorganisms for the protection of industrial materials.

Abstract: Unsaturated cyclohexylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where U is.dbd.NOCH.sub.3, .dbd.CHOCH.sub.3, .dbd.CH.sub.2, .dbd.CH--CH.sub.3, .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3, .dbd.N--NH--CH.sub.3 or .dbd.CH--S--CH.sub.3,n is from 0 to 10,A is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, andX is a single bond when n is 0, and oxygen, sulfur or a single bond when n is not 0, and the plant-compatible acid addition products and base addition products thereof, and fungicides and insecticides containing these compounds.

Abstract: Novel nitrosothiol derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue which may be substituted; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, an acyl group or a hydrocarbon residue which may be substituted; X.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an acyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a hydrocarbon residue which may be substituted; X.sup.2 is an acyl group or a carboxyl group which may be esterified or which may form an amide; with proviso that when X.sup.2 is a carboxyl group X.sup.1 is not a hydrogen atom or acetyl group and that when both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen atoms X.sup.1 is not acetyl group or .gamma.-glutamyl group, and salts thereof, show excellent hypotensive action, antiarrhythmic action, anti-anginal action, cardiotonic action or coronary vasodilation, thus being useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for the cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and angina pectoris.

Abstract: Activated olefinically unsaturated organic compounds such as esters, acids, ketones, nitriles, and the like, are reacted with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of at least one of magnesium oxide and anion exchange resins catalysts to produce saturated sulfur-containing compounds. In a specific embodiment, unsaturated carboxylates are converted in high yields to mercaptoalkanoates.

Abstract: Bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptanes, bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octanes and bicyclo-[2,2,3]-nonanes, having 2 or 3 ring hetero atoms selected from O, S and N substituted at the 1-position by a carbocyclic group other than an alkynylphenyl group, and substituted at the 4-position and optionally substituted at the 3 and/or 5 position, are valuable pesticides, particularly insecticides and acaricides. Various cyclization processes are disclosed to form the various bicyclo ring systems.

Abstract: Described are cyano-substituted sulfur-containing compounds defined according to a structure selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein M is an alkali metal as well as uses of the nonionic structures of said group for their organoleptic properties.

Abstract: A novel process for manufacturing 16-substituted .DELTA..sup.7 -prostaglandin Es, which include compounds expressed by the following formula (I), their enanantiomers, or their mixtures of arbitrary mixing ratio, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 indicates COOR.sup.2, CH.sub.2 OR.sup.3, or COCH.sub.2 OR.sup.3, in which R.sup.2 indicates a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and R.sup.3 indicates a hydrogen atom, a tri(C.sub.1 -C.sub.7) hydrocarbon silyl group, a group which forms an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group, or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 acyl group; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different, each representing a hydrogen atom, a tri(C.sub.1 -C.sub.7) hydrocarbon silyl group, or a group which forms an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group; R.sup.6 indicates a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes and intermediates for the preparation of 5-amino-4-hydroxyvaleric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, and R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted hydroxy or amino, by sigmatropic rearrangement of a suitable allyl ester, halolactonisation of the resulting .gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated acid or of a suitable derivative thereof, exchange of halogen for a nitrogen-containing nucleophile, opening of the lactone ring and freeing of the amino group. Compounds of the formula I are starting materials for the preparation of renin-inhibitors which have an anti-hypertensive action.

Abstract: A method of fighting fungus infections by using compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is H, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, an alkenyl, or an alkynyl radical; n is 1 or 2;A represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene bridge, an arylene or a heterocyclic bridge;X represents O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 ; andR.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radicals, a phenyl radical, optionally substituted, polyfluoroalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 2 fluorine atoms, polyfluoroalkenyl radicals containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 2 fluorine atoms, but excluding compounds having the formula (I) wherein A is an alkylene radical, n is 2, and R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical.

Abstract: N-cyanoalkyl-N-haloalkylthio alkyl-, aryl- and aralkyl-carboxamides of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or lower alkynyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, all optionally substituted with 1 to 4 halogen atoms; lower alkoxyalkylene; aryl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms; aralkyl of 7 to 16 carbon atoms; or substituted aryl or substituted aralkyl both substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from phenyl, lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkylthio of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, cyano, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ##STR3## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R.sup.

Abstract: The reaction of a zinc compound compound of formula IIICF.sub.3 CCl.sub.2 ZnCl.yL (III)wherein y is 1 or 2 and L is a solvent ligand selected from the group consisting of the N-disubstituted acid amides, N-substituted lactams and organic sulfoxides, with an aldehyde of formula IIR--CHO (II)wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical or an aliphatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical, gives 1-propanols of formula I ##STR1## in high yields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel specifically-substituted phenyl compounds, especially substituted di-tert-butyl phenol derivatives, which are effective as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and/or antipyretic agents. These phenyl compounds are substituted with a low molecular weight alkyl chain which terminates in a specific unsaturated functional group. These unsaturated functionalities are --C.tbd.CH, C.dbd.CH.sub.2, C.dbd.C.dbd.CH.sub.2, and aldehydes in the form of their acetals.The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions which contain an anti-inflammatory agent of the present invention and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.Finally, the present invention relates to methods for treating diseases characterized by inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, in humans or lower animals.

Abstract: Substituted 3-hydrazinopropionates comprising compounds of the general fola: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 =H, an alkyl, a substituted alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, an aryl, an aralkyl, an unsaturated alkyl, a substituted aryl or a substituted aralkyl: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8 =H, an alkyl, an unsaturated alkyl, an aralkyl, an aryl, a substituted alkyl,R.sup.9 =OH, an alkoxy, an aralkoxy, an alkyl, an unsaturated alkyl, an aryl, a substituted aryl, an aralkyl;R.sup.4 is --C.tbd.N, --COR.sup.10, wherein R.sup.10 =OR.sup.11, NR.sup.12 R.sup.13, where R.sup.11 is H, an alkyl, an aralkyl and an alkali metal, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are each H, an alkyl, an aralkyl, an aryl;R.sup.5, R.sup.6 = an alkyl, an aryl, an aralkyl.

Abstract: Thiocarbamylsulfenamides are readily recovered from solutions of the thiocarbamylsulfenamides by the addition of a dilute aqueous caustic solution, to flash off the solvent separating the thiocarbamylsulfenamide from the resulting water slurry and drying the thiocarbamylsulfenamide.

Abstract: A novel fluorinated cation exchange membrane containing carboxylic acid groups and sulfonic acid groups, both in the form of a specific pendant structure, the carboxylic acid groups being at least 20% on one surface of the membrane and gradually decreasing toward the innerside of the membrane, which membrane is useful in electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution with advantageously stable performance for a long term under more severe operational conditions than those conventionally used. The membrane can be prepared from a novel copolymer of a fluorinated olefin with a novel sulfur containing fluorinated vinylether of the formula: ##STR1## wherein k is 0 or 1, l is an integer of 3 to 5, Z is --S-- or --SO.sub.2 -- and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, an aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 perfluoroalkyl.