Abstract: A method for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyronitrile having good storage stability in a multi-zone reactor, is provided. 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a base as catalyst in a main reaction zone of the multizone reactor to form a reaction mixture comprising the 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyronitrile, unreacted 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, the catalyst and residual amounts of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The residual gaseous hydrogen cyanide is removed from the main reaction zone to an absorption and post-reaction zone of the reactor which comprises a mixture of 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde and the catalyst; and the gaseous hydrogen cyanide is further reacted with the 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde in the absorption and post reaction zone. A molar ratio of hydrogen cyanide to 3-(methylthio)propanal in the main reaction zone is from 0.98 to 1.03.

Abstract: A storage stable mixture containing 86 to 97% by weight of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile, 2 to 14% by weight of water, 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of HCN and having a pH of 1 to 4, measured using a pH electrode at 23° C. is provided. A method to produce the storage stable mixture and its use in manufacture of DL-methionine or 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitrile derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising nitrile derivatives. The pharmaceutical compositions comprise compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, and the uses of such compounds in treating hyperproliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases and viral and bacterial infections and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitrile derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising nitrile derivatives. The pharmaceutical compositions comprise compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, and the uses of such compounds in treating hyperproliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases and viral and bacterial infections and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Abstract: A storage stable mixture containing 86 to 97% by weight of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile, 2 to 14% by weight of water, 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of HCN and having a pH of 1 to 4, measured using a pH electrode at 23° C. is provided. A method to produce the storage stable mixture and its use in manufacture of DL-methionine or 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitrile derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising nitrile derivatives. The pharmaceutical compositions comprise compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, and the uses of such compounds in treating hyperproliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases and viral and bacterial infections and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of nitrile compounds from unsaturated organic compounds by reaction with hydrogen cyanide. It relates more particularly to the manufacture of nitrile compounds of use in the synthesis of adiponitrile, an important chemical intermediate in the manufacture of major chemical compounds, such as hexamethylenediamine and ?-caprolactam. The invention provides a process for the manufacture of organic compounds comprising at least one nitrile functional group by carrying out a hydrocyanation reaction between hydrogen cyanide and an organic compound comprising at least one ethylenic unsaturation. This reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a metal element chosen from the group consisting of nickel, platinum and palladium and an organophosphorus ligand, the reaction medium additionally comprising an ionic liquid in the liquid state at least at the temperature at which the hydrocyanation reaction is carried out.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.

Abstract: ?-Cyanoacrylates of the formula I, where: R1 is ORa wherein Ra is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, branched alkyl, branched alkenyl, cycloloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, phenylalkyl or alkylimino; is NRbRc wherein Rb is hydrogen, alkyl which may be substituted, alkenyl, alkynyl; Rc is hydrogen, alkyl which may be substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, phenylalkyl or alkylimino; or Rb and Rc form an alkandiyl-chain which may be substituted; or is SRd wherein Rd is hydrogen, alkyl which may be substituted, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, phenylalkyl or alkylimino; R2 is alkyl which may be substituted; is alkenyl or alkynyl; R3 is alkyl may be substituted; is alkenyl or alkynyl; R4 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano or alkyl; and their agriculturally useful salts, processes and intermediates for their preparation; and the use of these compounds or of compositions comprising these compounds for controlling undesirable plants are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are nitrile derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising nitrile derivatives. The pharmaceutical compositions comprise compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such compounds, intermediates used in the preparation of such compounds, and the uses of such compounds in treating hyperproliferative diseases, inflammatory diseases and viral and bacterial infections and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Abstract: A compound given by the formula (I): has an excellent controlling activity against noxious arthropods.

Abstract: Amide compounds of formula (I), combinatorial libraries of amide compounds and methods of preparing the same are provided. Libraries of the invention are useful for screening in biological assays in order to identify pharmaceutically useful compounds.

Abstract: Phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents and the index have the following meanings: X is NOCH.sub.3, CHOCH.sub.3, CHCH.sub.3 ;Y is O, NRR.sup.1,R independently of one another are hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sup.2 is cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen, alkyl and alkoxy;m is 0, 1 or 2, it being possible for the radicals R.sup.2 to be different when m is 2;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl;R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 have the meanings given in claim 1,and their salts, a process and intermediates for the preparation of these compounds, and compositions comprising them for controlling animal pests and harmful fungi.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel salicylate esters of silicone compounds which contain an ester linkage, and a silicone polymer. Compounds of the invention are made by reacting (a) a carboxy silicone, and (b) salicylic acid to form an ester. Compounds of the invention by virtue of (i) the silicone group, (ii) the ester group and (iii) the ultra violet absorbing group salicylic, the compounds are effective durable ultra violet absorbers.

Abstract: A process comprises contacting, in the presence of a catalyst, hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan such as, for example, n-dodecyl mercaptan with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl acrylate wherein the catalyst comprises a pyridine derivative such as, for example, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or an ion exchange resin such as, for example, "AMBERLYST A-21" to produce a 3-hydrocarbylthio derivative of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl 3-(dodecylthio)propionate.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of 3-(methylthio)propanal. A liquid reaction medium is contacted with a gaseous acrolein feed stream in a gas/liquid contact zone. The reaction medium contains 3-(methylthio)propanal, methyl mercaptan and a catalyst for the reaction between methyl mercaptan and acrolein. The gaseous acrolein feed stream comprises acrolein vapor and non-condensable gas. Acrolein is transferred from the acrolein feed stream to the reaction medium and reacts with methyl mercaptan in that medium to produce a liquid reaction product containing 3-(methylthio)propanal. The non-condensable gas is separated from the liquid reaction product. The reaction product is divided into a product fraction and a circulating fraction, and the circulating fraction is recycled to the gas/liquid contact zone.

Abstract: Bis(perfluorosulphonyl)methanes, process for preparing same and uses thereof. The compounds of the invention are based on the formula (1/nM)+[(R.sub.F SO.sub.2).sub.2 CY].sup.- in which Y denotes an electron-attracting group chosen from --C.dbd.N and RZ groupings in which Z denotes a carbonyl grouping, sulphonyl grouping or a phosphonyl grouping and R denotes an organic monovalent grouping, M denotes a metal having valency n or an organic group capable of existing in the cationic form, R.sub.F denotes a perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroaryl grouping. Said compounds are especially useful in the production of electrochemical devices.

Abstract: New cyanoalkene derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## are described, in which R and R.sup.1 have the meaning given in the description, and a process for their preparation.The new cyanoalkene derivatives are used for combating microorganisms for the protection of industrial materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3,6-diamino-2,5-pyrazinedicarbonitrile which is a red crystal and yellowish green fluorenscent substance and the methods of preparation from compounds represented by formula [I], ##STR1## (wherein R are aryl, alkyl, aralkyl or alkenyl or may be substituted), as a starting material, under acidic condition in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Oligomers with polydiene sequences and crosslinkable grafts are useful as coatings for protecting metal surfaces as well as inking buffers. The oligomers contain a polydiene sequence of 1-100 diene links, from 1 to 20 polar functional groups, and from 1-20 acrylic or methacrylic groups.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3,6-diamino-2,5-pyrazinedicarbonitrile which is a red crystal and yellowish green fluorescent substance and the methods of preparation from compounds represented by formula [I], ##STR1## (wherein R are aryl, alkyl, aralkyl or alkenyl or may be substituted), as a starting material, under acidic condition in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: The invention features a compound of the formulaW-Y-Q-Z or W-Y-ZwhereinW is a farnesyl group, a geranylgeranyl group, a substituted farnesyl group or a substituted geranylgeranyl group; ##STR1## wherein n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each of T.sub.1' . . . T.sub.n' and T.sub.1" . . . T.sub.n" is independently: Fl, Br, --NHCOCH.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, a peptide, an alkane group, an alkene group, an polyethyleneglycol group, a saturated fatty acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, a monosaccharide, or a disaccharide; andZ is --COOH or salts or esters thereof, --CONH.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, --PO.sub.3 or salts or esters thereof, --C N, or --SO.sub.3 or salts or esters thereof, provided that when W is farnesyl, Y is --S--, n=2, and either T.sub.2' or T.sub.2" is --NHCOCH.sub.3, then Z is not --COOH.The compounds of the invention are capable of interfering with enzymatic methylation of a peptide having the carboxyl-terminal motif --CAAX wherein C=cysteine, A=aliphatic amino acid, and X=any amino acid.

Abstract: Aminoacetonitrile derivatives, where the 2-position of aminoacetonitrile is optionally substituted by alkylthio groups, arylthio groups and heterocyclicthio groups. The process for making such compounds comprises reacting hydrogen cyanide with the desired corresponding R-S-H and recovering the crystallized salt thereof. The aminoacetonitrile derivatives are useful as starting materials to produce pharmaceutical and agricultural intermediates such as benzomide derivatives with fungicidal and herbicidal activities.

Abstract: Substituted 3-thio-2-propynenitriles are prepared which correspond to the formula:R--S--C.tbd.C--C.tbd.Nwherein R is an alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclo group.These compounds have been found to exhibit a high degree of antimicrobial activity in industrial and commercial applications and compositions containing these compounds are so employed.

Abstract: Userful as antimicrobial agents in aqeuous systems are .alpha.-halo.beta.-(substituted)thioacrylonitriles of the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents Cl, Br or I and R represents a lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclo, or a thiocarbonyl group. The configuration about the double bond may be E or Z or a mixture thereof. These compounds provide effective control of microbial growth. The derivatives of formula I are economically prepared from acrylonitrile via a three-step process involving (a) halogenation, (b) dehydrohalogenation and (c) nucleophilic-type displacement. Except for those compounds wherein X is bromo and R is methyl or phenyl, the compounds of formula I are not mentioned in the prior art.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel processes and intermediates for the preparation of 5-amino-4-hydroxyvaleric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl, aryl-lower alkyl, amino, hydroxy, mercapto, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or the radical of a natural amino acid, and R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted hydroxy or amino, by sigmatropic rearrangement of a suitable allyl ester, halolactonisation of the resulting .gamma.,.delta.-unsaturated acid or of a suitable derivative thereof, exchange of halogen for a nitrogen-containing nucleophile, opening of the lactone ring and freeing of the amino group. Compounds of the formula I are starting materials for the preparation of renin-inhibitors which have an anti-hypertensive action.

Abstract: A method of fighting fungus infections by using compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is H, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, an alkenyl, or an alkynyl radical; n is 1 or 2;A represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene bridge, an arylene or a heterocyclic bridge;X represents O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 ; andR.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radicals, a phenyl radical, optionally substituted, polyfluoroalkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 2 fluorine atoms, polyfluoroalkenyl radicals containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and at least 2 fluorine atoms, but excluding compounds having the formula (I) wherein A is an alkylene radical, n is 2, and R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to fluorinated cationic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy-perfluoroalkyl group;R.sub.1 is alkylene optionally interrupted by --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 NR'--, --CO.sub.2 --, --NR'--, or --CONR'-- where R' is hydrogen or lower alkyl;m is 0, 1 or 2;R.sub.2 is linear or branched alkylene;R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 independently of one another represent alkyl or arylalkyl groups which are unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, cyano or by polyalkyleneoxy, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical or R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together with nitrogen atom that links them represent a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine ring; andA.sup..crclbar. represents the anion of an organic or inorganic acid; and their particular use as surfactants.

Abstract: Compounds halogenated in the .alpha.-position to an electron-attracting group of formula ##STR1## in which X denotes a halogen atom, R denotes a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical or a radical --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --COOR.sub.1 and Z denotes a radical --CHO, --COR.sub.2, --COOR.sub.3, --CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5, --CN, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.6, --NO.sub.2, --CO--(CH.sub.2)p--COO.sub.1 or --COO(CH.sub.2)p--COOR.sub.1 are made by a halogenating deacylation of a compound of formula ##STR2## in which R' denotes a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, R" denotes a methyl radical and Z' denotes a radical --CHO, --COR.sub.2, --COOR.sub.3, --CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5, --CN, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.6 or --NO.sub.2 or R' and R" may form a radical --(CH.sub.2)-- or R' and R" may form a radical --CO--(CH.sub.2)p-- or --COO(CH.sub.2)p--, using an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbonate and a halogenating agent.

Abstract: The new halogenated sulphides of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 are identical or different and denote hydrogen or halogen, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 representing halogen,and whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2, and/or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can optionally form an olefinic bond, andA and B are identical or different and denote nitrile, carboxyl, carboxylate or carboxamide,can be prepared by halogenation of bis-(cyanoethyl) sulphide, or by splitting off hydrogen halide from a halogenated bis-(cyanoethyl) sulphide, or by reacting 3-halogeno-acrylonitriles with sulphides. The new compounds can be active compounds in microbicidal agents.

Abstract: The polysubstituted dienes according to the invention correspond to the general formula: ##STR1## in which: X denotes a group chosen from the groups SH, SR.sup.3, OR.sup.3, SeR.sup.3, NHR.sup.3 and N.dbd.R.sup.3 in which R.sup.3 denotes an aliphatic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,Y denotes a group chosen from the groups C.tbd.N and ##STR2## where R.sup.4 denotes hydrogen or an aliphatic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that, when X denotes the group SCH.sub.3, Y does not denote the group ##STR3## and, when X denotes an OR.sup.3 group where R.sup.3 is an alkyl group containing at least three carbon atoms, Y does not denote the group C.tbd.N,R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, halogen or an aliphatic, substituted or unsubstituted group containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms,R.sup.