Abstract: Provided are methods of purification of an organic lithium salt comprising the steps of: (a) dissolving an impure organic lithium salt in a solution comprising an organic complexing solvent; (b) crystallizing from said solution a solid solvate complex comprising said lithium salt and said organic complexing solvent; (c) separating said solid solvate complex from said solution; (d) dissociating said solid solvate complex to yield: (i) said lithium salt in a solid form, and, (ii) a volatile composition comprising said organic complexing solvent; and, (e) removing said volatile composition to yield said lithium salt in a solid form of purity greater than the purity of said impure lithium salt. The present invention also pertains to electrolytes for electric current producing cells comprising such purified lithium salts.

Abstract: A family of electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents which can be synthesized by comparatively simple, inexpensive routes, and for which the reactivity can be varied according to need. A composition of matter according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises a compound having the formula: in which A comprises H or F and B comprises F, SCF3, OCF3, OCHF2, S+(CF3)C6H5, NO2 or an NO2 substituent. In a second embodiment of the invention, a process for preparing a trifluoromethyl diphenylsulfonium triflate compound corresponding to the formula shown above comprises reacting phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfoxide or one of its derivatives with an aromatic compound in which A comprises H or F and B comprises H, F, SCF3, OCF3, OCHF2, S+(CF3)C6H5, NO2 or an NO2 substituent. In a third embodiment of the invention, a trifluoromethylation process comprises reacting a trifluoromethyl diphenylsulfonium triflate corresponding to the formula shown above with an electron rich substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chromotropic nitrone spin trapping agents, methods of making these agents, compositions comprising same, and methods of their use. In particular, azulenyl nitrones of the present invention are effective agents for trapping free radical species and find use as efficient antioxidants in physicochemical and biological systems. Accordingly, the invention also relates to spin adducts formed from the combination of azulenyl nitrones with free radicals. The compounds of the present invention are readily prepared from available starting materials and find further use in assays and in a number of diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic applications, including but not limited to the alleviation, modulation and inhibition of the negative effects of carbon-centered or oxygen-centered radical species and other products of oxidation. Moreover, the combination adducts may be calorimetrically detected and, optionally, isolated and characterized to obtain valuable information (e.g.

Abstract: A procedure for the generation of organosulfonic acids from solutions of corresponding metal organosulfonate compounds by electrowinning, electrolytically driven hydrolysis or chemically driven hydrolysis is described. Appropriate organosulfonate compounds include the water soluble salts of alkanesulfonic and aromatic sulfonic acids which incorporate metals from Group VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB or VA of the periodic table. The electrowinning and electrolytic techniques described can be applied in divided or undivided cells and can be operated in continuous fashion to provide the greatest efficiency. Hydrolysis based methods can employ either anodic oxidation or oxidation both of which function to oxidize the metal cation(s) present to hydrolytically unstable higher oxidation states.

Abstract: Tosylproline analogs of formula I, methods of making them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods for their use. The compounds are thymidylate synthase inhibitors; and are useful as anti-tumor agents and as anti-parasitics, anti-bacterials, anti-fungals, and anti-virals.

Abstract: A process for preparing phenoxyphenylsulfonyl halides, which are useful intermediates for the preparation of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors.

Abstract: The process for the preparation of methanesulfonic acid by reacting sulfite ions within an aqueous system with dimethyl sulfate at an elevated temperature and adding a strong acid subsequently, wherein the molar ratio of sulfite ions to dimethyl sulfate is 1.5 to 2.5:1, preferably 2:1, and the reaction charge is maintained at said elevated temperature for at least 2 h, preferably 4 h.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of compounds having the formula: ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, cyano or halogen; M is hydrogen or a salt-forming colorless cation; and n is 2;which process comprises reductively de-aminating a compound having the formula: ##STR2## in which R and n have their previous significance and M' is hydrogen, a salt-forming colorless cation or optionally substituted phenyl; and converting any optionally substituted phenyl group M' to a group M.The present invention also provides processes for the production of the compounds of formula (2) and various novel intermediates for use in the new processes.The compounds of formula (1) are useful as fluorescent whitening agents.

Abstract: A solid superacid catalyst composition of a carrier material having a particle size of between 0.5 and 5000 nm and at least one pendant fluoroalkylsulfonic acid or fluoro, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid group attached thereto. Also, methods for making this catalysts by attaching pendant fluoroalkylsulfonic acid or fluoro, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid groups to the carrier material by various procedures to form the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing disulfides and sulfhydryl compounds which are useful pharmaceuticals. The process includes a two step, single pot process for preparing disulfides from an alkenyl sulfonate salt. The disulfides are useful as toxicity mitigating agents of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as certain platinum complexes, and as use therapeutic drugs for a variety of conditions in mammals.The two step process involves first the conversion of the starting reagent to a mercaptane sulfonate, then an oxidation to the desired disulfide.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing disulfides and sulfhydryl compounds which are useful pharmaceuticals. The process includes a two step, single pot process for preparing disulfides from an alkenyl sulfonate salt. The disulfides are useful as toxicity mitigating agents of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as certain platinum complexes, and as use therapeutic drugs for a variety of conditions in mammals.The two step process involves first the conversion of the starting reagent to a mercaptane sulfonate, then an oxidation to the desired disulfide.

Abstract: The invention provides certain amino acid conjugates of substituted 2-phenyl-N-?1-(phenyl)-2-(1-heterocycloalkyl- or heterocycloaryl-)ethyl!acetamides useful for selectively agonizing kappa opioid receptors in mammalian tissue.

Abstract: An oxidative chromogenic reagent free from interference by bilirubin used for the measurement of a biogenic substance by an enzymatic analysis, which comprises a compound or a salt thereof represented by the following formula wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent a C.sub.3-4 -alkly group substituted with a sulfonic acid group or a C.sub.3-4 -hydroxyalkyl group substituted with a sulfonic acid group; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a C.sub.1-4 -alkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 -alkoxy group, a substituted or non-substituted carbamoyl group, an acyl-substituted amino group, an aryl group, or a halogen atom. The reagent is stable and has excellent water solubility, and it enables high sensitive and accurate measurement because interference by bilirubin is substantially reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: This invention provides perfluoro(alkoxycycloalkane) carbonyl fluoride compounds wherein, pendant from the fluorinated ring, are from 2 to 5 perfluoroalkoxy groups having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms with the proviso that when one or more of the perfluoroalkoxy groups contain from 3 to 4 carbon atoms, there are no more than 3 pendant groups.In yet another aspect, this invention provides aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) compositions comprising one or more perfluoro(alkoxycycloalkane) carbonyl group-containing surfactants and one or more water-soluble fluorine-free surfactants selected from the group consisting of nonionic hydrocarbon-containing surfactants with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value greater than or equal to about 10 and ionic hydrocarbon-containing surfactants having a carbon chain length containing inclusively from about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A description is given of o-hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines containing at least two alkoxyphenyl-substituents. They have the formula (1).The compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable as sunscreen agents in cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved imaging agents useful for .sup.19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More particularly, the present invention relates to fluorinated fatty acid sulfonate derivatives, such as those derived by reaction of fluorinated fatty acids with sulfonated compounds such as taurine analogs or isethionic acid analogs, which offer improved water solubility and biocompatibility.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of organosulphur compounds with hydrogen peroxide is provided. The process employs solid supported polyacids comprising tungsten, molybdenum and/or vanadium as catalysts. The supports are selected from compounds, preferably oxides, of Group IIa, IIb, IIIb, IVa and IVb elements, and strong base ion exchange resins. Certain embodiments of the process provide for the oxidation of sulphides to sulphoxides or sulphones, particularly for the oxidation of penicillins to penicillin sulphoxides. Other embodiments of the process provide for the selective oxidation of thiols to sulphoxides.

Abstract: The reaction product of:(a) a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of N, O and S; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic hydrocarbon of four to eighteen carbon atoms; m is 1 or 2; and n is 0, 1 or 2; and(b) a compound selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary, tertiary and higher amines, which are liquid at room temperature.The reaction product of the present invention has excellent surfactant properties, and is suitable for use in coloring compositions to improve the fugitivity from skin and clothing. The reaction product is also useful as a cleansing agent.

Abstract: 2-aryl-ethane-sulphonic acids of the formulaAr.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 H (I),in whichAr.sup.1 denotes a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical which can be bound to an anellated benzene nucleus,can be obtained by reaction of the underlying vinyl aromatic compound with sulphurous acid, if the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine of the formulaN(R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3 (III),in whichR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meaning mentioned in the description.

Abstract: A simple process for the preparation of a triazine of formula (1) is described, which comprises converting a dihydrotriazine of formula (2) with a reducing agent to a 1,3,5-triazine of formula (1).The triazines obtained by the novel process are suitable UV absorbers for organic materials, in particular for polyester fiber materials, or suitable starting materials for the preparation of UV absorbers.

Abstract: Peptides having the formula ##STR1## inhibit the binding of endothelin to its receptor and are useful in treating diseases associated with excess production or secretion of endothelin.

Abstract: Dehydrated compositions are obtained by: combining a hydrous composition, e.g., a hydrous electrolyte salt, with inert fluorochemical liquid; heating the resulting mixture in a vessel to volatilize water and inert fluorochemical liquid therein until the water content of the mixture is reduced to a desired level; optionally treating the resulting dehydrated mixture with another chemical material, e.g., a polar organic solvent; and optionally subjecting the dehydrated mixture or the treated dehydrated mixture to further treatment, e.g., separation of the mixture. Liquid electrolytes suitable for use in battery applications can be prepared by this method.

Abstract: A composition of matter including an onium salt and a method of forming images. The onium salt has a chromophore which absorbs ultraviolet radiation, an S, Se, As, N or P atom which is free of substituents exhibiting a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than the chromophore; an insulating group which links the chromophore to the S, Se, As, N or P atom of the salt and substantially prevents .pi. resonance from the chromophore through the S, Se, As, N or P atom; and an anion. The onium salt is capable of forming a Bronsted acid upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a proton source. In the method of forming images, the onium salt is exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a proton source, to convert said onium salt to a Bronsted acid.

Abstract: Novel sulfonium salts useful as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization and for producing relief patterns and relief images have the general formula (I) ##STR1## where A.sup..crclbar. is a non-nucleophilic counterion,x is 1, 2 or 3,R is a hydrocarbon radicalR' is arylene or substituted arylene, andR" is ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl or monohalogenated or polyhalogenated alkyl orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or alkyl, and R.sup.3 is phenyl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl, orR.sup.1 is hydrogen, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 form ethylenically unsaturated ring, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, and R.sup.3 is alkoxy orR.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkoxy, aryloxy or substituted aryloxy.

Abstract: Describes alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated poly(alkyleneoxy) compounds that display surfactant activity and that polymerize when used in the emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, including vinyl monomers. Certain of the polymer products are useful in imparting improved hand or feel to textile fabrics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a solution of a non-ferrous metal sulphonate by reacting a non-ferrous metal with a sulphonic acid, the non-ferrous metal being brought into contact with a sulphonic acid at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 120.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-containing gases.

Abstract: The peroxides which include the O.sup.17 isotope, especially the hydrogen peroxides and peroxides and hydroperoxides prepared therefrom, are well adapted as nonradioactive labeled compounds for use in the medicinal and biological arts.

Abstract: A process is provided for sulfonating an organic reactant which, upon sulfonation, produces a viscous sulfonation reaction product having a viscosity substantially greater than 1,500 centipoises at a reaction temperature wherein the sulfonation reaction product is more than 85% by weight completely reacted. The process utilizes an elongated, enclosed reactor surface greater than about 15 feet in length having upstream and downstream ends and equipped with a heat exchanging surface. The process comprises cocurrently flowing a film of organic reactant and a gaseous sulfonating agent downwardly in the reactor while pressurizing the sulfonating agent cocurrently along said reactor surface while providing a pressure drop between upstream and downstream ends of the reactor to impart sufficient velocity to the gaseous sulfonating agent to thin the film of the viscous sulfonation product.

Abstract: The invention is a novel phosphonium salt, useful as an initiator or catalyst in the reaction of oxirane groups in an epoxy resin with aromatic carbonate and/or ester linkages in monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric carbonates, esters, or estercarbonates.

Abstract: The invention is a novel bis(phosphoranylidene) ammonium salt useful as an initiator/catalyst in the reaction of oxirane groups in an epoxy resin with aromatic carbonate and/or ester linkages in monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric carbonates, esters, or estercarbonates.

Abstract: Sulfonamide derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl group which may be substituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, A is a group CHOR.sup.3 C.dbd.O, C.dbd.S or C.dbd.N--OR.sup.4, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl phenyl, benzyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acyl, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or methyl, B may be methylene or ethylene in the m or p position or, of A is not carbonyl, may be methyleneoxy, the oxygen atom being bonded to the aromatic, and E is a carboxyl, phosphonic acid or sulfo radical, their physiologically acceptable salts, esters with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohols or amides or the tetrazol-5-yl radical, their preparation and their use as drugs.