Abstract: Amyloid binding compounds which are non-azo derivatives of Chrysamine G, pharmaceutical compositions containing, and methods using such compounds to identify Alzheimer's brain in vivo and to diagnose other pathological conditions characterized by amyloidosis, such as Down's Syndrome are described. Pharmaceutical compositions containing non-azo derivatives of Chrysamine G and methods using such compositions to prevent cell degeneration and amyloid-induced toxicity in amyloidosis associated conditions are also described. Methods using non-azo Chrysamine G derivatives to stain or detect amyloid deposits in biopsy or post-mortem tissue are also described. Methods using non-azo Chrysamine G derivatives to quantify amyloid deposits in homogenates of biopsy and post-mortem tissue are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3,4-disubstituted phenylethanolaminotetralincarboxylic acid derivatives represented by the general formula: ##STR1## [wherein Q represents a vinylene group or a group represented by the general formula:-A-(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(wherein A represents an oxygen atom or a methylene group; and m is an integer of from 1 to 6); R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; n is an integer of 1 or 2; the carbon atom marked with * represents a carbon atom in R configuration, S configuration or a mixture thereof; and the carbon atom marked with (S) represents a carbon atom in S configuration] and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have a selective .beta..sub.2 -adrenergic receptor stimulating effect with relieved burdens on the heart such as tachycardia and are useful as an agent for the prevention of threatened abortion and premature labor, a bronchodilator and an agent for pain remission and promoting stone removal in urolithiasis.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions on halobenzenes or triflyl substituted benzenes are carried out in the presence of catalysts. In particular the present invention provides a process leading to optionally substituted hydroxybenzoic, alkanoyloxybenzoic, formyloxybenzoic and alkoxybenzoic acids and optionally substituted hydroxybenzonitriles and alkoxybenzonitriles from substituted 2,6-dihalobenzenes, 2-halo-6-triflylbenzene and 2,6-ditriflylbenzenes.

Abstract: A toner resin composition comprising a toner resin and the metal salt or complex of a carbocyclic hydroxy caboxylic acid containing at least one methylene group optionally substituted by hydroxy or amino such as 4-(N-methyl-N-2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Iron and zinc salts are preferred.

Abstract: Compositions represented by the structures ##STR1## where Ar represents an aromatic group, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, at least one R having more than 12 carbon atoms, a is 1 to 4, and R' is hydrogen or alkyl, are useful as lubricant and fuel additives and as intermediates for the preparation of derivatives useful as such additives.

Abstract: The phenylalkan(en)oic acids of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the substituents are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a salicylate analogue having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl; pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, phenyl, naphthyl and cyclohexyl; wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C12 alkyl group, F, Cl, Br, I, CO.sub.2 H, CONHR, CONR.sub.2, CO.sub.2 R, C.tbd.N, CHO, COR, SO.sub.3, SO.sub.2 NHR, SO.sub.2 NR.sub.2, OH, OR, OCOR, SH, SR, OCONHR, OCONR.sub.2, SCOR, SCONHR, SCONR.sub.2 and NH2, NHR, NHCOR and NR2; and wherein R1 is in the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position, or a combination thereof. Also provided are various pharmaceutical compositions of the novel compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 independently are hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, branched chain alkyl or cycloalkyl of 3 to 15 carbons, lower alkyl substituted cycloalkyl of 3 to 15 carbons; R.sub.4 is lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, branched chain alkyl or cycloalkyl of 3 to 15 carbons or lower alkyl substituted cycloalkyl of 3 to 15 carbons; X is S or O; Y is a phenyl group, or heteroaryl selected from a group consisting of pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl and oxazolyl, said groups being substituted with the R.sub.5 group defined above; A is (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0-5, lower branched chain alkyl having 3-6 carbons, cycloalkyl having 3-6 carbons, alkenyl having 2-6 carbons and 1 or 2 double bonds, alkynyl having 2-6 carbons and 1 or 2 triple bonds; B is hydrogen, COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.8, CONR.sub.9 R.sub.10, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.11, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.

Abstract: Hydroxylated aromatic compounds devoid of substituents in the para-position to the hydroxyl group thereof are para-hydroxyalkylated, e.g., into optionally substituted p-hydroxymandelic acid compounds, more particularly p-hydroxymandelic acid and 3-methoxy-p-hydroxymandelic acid, by condensing same with an organic carbonyl compound in the presence of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group.

Abstract: Preparation process for a hydroxyphenylacetic acid of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.dbd.H, alkyl or alkoxyl as well as its salts, in which the corresponding free or salified hydroxymandelic acid of formula (II): ##STR2## in which R has the meaning given previously and M.dbd.H, K or an ammonium group is reacted in an aqueous medium, at a temperature greater than or equal to 50.degree. C., with formic acid in the presence of catalytic quantities of an oxygenated derivative of sulphur having a degree of oxidation from 2 to 4, in order to obtain the hydroxyphenylacetic acid of formula (I) which is isolated or, if desired, is salified according to the usual methods and the hydroxyphenylacetic acid thus obtained.

Abstract: Process for obtaining an arylacetic acid of general formula (I):Ar--CHR--COOH (I)in which R=H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alk, Ar=2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-(2-methoxy naphthyl), 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl or phenyl of general formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 =H, OH or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.2 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alk, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or OH, as well as their alkali metal salts, by reaction in a solvent of the corresponding arylglycolic acid of general formula (III):Ar-CR(OH)--COOH (III)or one of its alkali metal salts with a hydrogen donor agent chosen from the group constituted by: formic acid, or one of its alkali metal salts, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, or one of their alkali metal salts, in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, which if desired is isolated or salified, and use for the preparation of certain acids of formula (I).

Abstract: A waste oil, an alkaline oil cake, and a crude fatty acid which are discarded as waste materials or obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rice salad oil are subjected to hydrolysis in the presence of an alkali so as to efficiently manufacture ferulic acid. The waste materials or by-product accompanying the manufacture of rice salad oil or rice fatty acid, which were disposed of by means of burning in the past, are effectively utilized in the method of the present invention.

Abstract: Catechol compounds of formula I ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and X are as described herein are effective Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors.

Abstract: Process for preparing regenerated humic acids from coal by means of the continuous oxidation on fluidized bed, characterized in that a coal of lignite, sub-bituminous or bituminous type is submitted to a preliminary oxidation under mild conditions in order to reduce the hydrogen content of said coal by an amount of 5 to 25% of hydrogen initially present in the starting coal, and that the resulting coal is subsequently submitted to an oxidation in order to produce the desired humic acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of: ##STR1## the process comprising treating (2-chlorophenyl)acetic acid with an alkali metal hydroxide (for example, sodium hydroxide) in an organic solvent (for example, an inert hydrocarbon solvent), in the presence of a catalyst (for example a copper salt) at a temperature above 130.degree. C. (for example in the range 130.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.).

Abstract: The present invention discloses new and useful compounds including methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate, its analogues, chemical derivatives and chemically related compounds and their use as antitumor agents, as inhibitors of proliferative cell growth and as prophylactic agents to inhibit and prevent cancer and non-malignant cell growth.

Abstract: The present inventon pertains to a process for the preparation of omega-arylalkanoic acids of the genral formulaR--Ar--R.sup.1 --COOHwherein R is hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, or aryl; wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein Ar is an aryl group which can be further substituted with at least one of hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, aryl, halide, amino, or acetamido. The omega arylalkanoic acids of the given formula are prepared using catalysts which provide an improvement over the known Willgerodt-Kindler reaction.The present invention also pertains to methods for removing sulfur during the above-described process for the preparation of the omega-arylalkanoic acids.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid of the formula I, an important raw material for the preparation of pharmaceutically active substances, from sodium-4-hydroxymandalate monohydrate comprising reducing the sodium-4-hydroxymandalate monohydrate with a reducing agent consisting of stoichiometric quantity of a phosphorus (III) compound and catalytic or stoichiometric quantity of sulphur dioxide or equivalent salt thereof in a solvent at 60.degree.-120.degree. C. and at ambient to 5 atmospheres pressures.

Abstract: Substituted phenethanol ethers are prepared by the catalytic reduction of corresponding substituted phenylglyoxal acetals. The catalytic reduction is carried out by reacting a substituted phenylglyoxal acetal with hydrogen in the presence of an acid catalyst and a metal catalyst. Certain substituted phenylglyoxal acetals, and more particularly, 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal dialkyl acetals are prepared by reacting 4-hydroxyacetophenone with a primary or a secondary alkyl alcohol in the presence of a hydrogen ion (H+) source and a nitrosonium ion (NO+) source.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxy-substituted-4-alkoxyphenylacetic acids by reacting a 4-alkoxyphenylacetic acid with bromine and then treating the brominated acid with a strong base and a copper salt to form the desired hydroxy-substituted-4-alkoxyphenylacetic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of preparing and purifying .alpha.-substituted acetic acids, which comprise treating an .alpha.aromatic-substituted acetic acid represented by a specific general formula with a weak alkali while shielding light, or subjecting an .alpha.-aromatic-substituted acetonitrile represented by a specific general formula to acid hydrolysis, followed by treatment with a weak alkali while shielding light; and treating the alkali salt of .alpha.-substituted acetic acid thus formed with a decolorizing agent.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active carboxylic acid represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, and R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or a phenyl or naphthyl group which may have a substituent, provided that all of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom; when R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are simultaneously a hydrogen atom, then R.sup.3 is not a methyl group; and that when R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, then R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a group other then a hydrogen atom,is disclosed, comprising asymmetrically hydrogenating an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid represented by formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same as defined above, in the presence of a ruthenium-optically active phosphine complex as a catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of a solid oxidized coal containing humic acids. Coal with a mean particle size of less than 3 mm is slurried with water and then oxidized with oxygen or mixtures of oxygen and air at temperatures ranging from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C., at partial oxygen pressures ranging from 0,1 to 10 MPa and reaction periods ranging from 5 to 600 minutes. In the absence of catalysts, e.g. alkaline bases, the main product of oxidation is humic acids. These humic acids are not dissolved because the pH of this slurry is in the range 4 to 9. Small amount of fulvic acids are formed and these are soluble in the water of the slurry.The coal-derived humic acids may for example find application as soil conditioners, organic fertilisers, briquette and pellet binders, drilling fluid dispersants and viscosity control agents, while the coal-derived fulvic acids may be utilized for the production of fuel extenders, plasticizers and petrochemicals.

Abstract: Disclosed are phenol derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted phenyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group and of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and the like and A is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylsulfonyl and the like substituents. These compounds and some related compounds have anti-inflammatory activity and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity.

Abstract: New phenols are described containing an alkyl substituent containing a functional group; as well as a process for the production of such phenols. The new phenols are useful e.g. as stabilizers in organic or aqueous systems.

Abstract: This invention produces higher homologs, i.e., differing by at least a --CH.sub.2 -unit, of carbonyloxy-containing compounds by treating the carbonyloxy-containing compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing compound, a proton donor, an iodide promoter, and optionally, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein l is an integer of 0 to 18, X is hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a carboxylic acyl having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and Y is a phenylene, a cycloalkylene having 3 to 7 carbon atoms or a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which m is an integer of 0 to 3, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, are novel compounds, possess circulatory disturbance-improving activity and inhibitory activity of the generation and release of SRS-A, and used for prophylactic or therapy of ischemic diseases such as cerebral apoplexy or allergic diseases.

Abstract: An aqueous rust inhibitor containing a soap of a hydroxyaryl fatty acid and an alkali metal. The inhibitor exhibits good rust inhibiting effects without emitting any malodor.

Abstract: The compounds 9-phenyl-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8 nonatetraenoic acids wherein the phenyl group is substituted with an alkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkylamino, and a hydroxy alkoxy group, and derivatives thereof which are used as disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents and as immunosuppressants.

Abstract: Stable injection solutions of radiodiagnostic aids ready for use are obtained by addition to the organ- or tissue-specific carrier, before, during of after the labeling with the pertechnetate, of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R denotes hydrogen, and R' denotes a sulpho- or a carboxymethyl group, or R and R' each denote a sulpho- or a carboxymethyl group, or a water-soluble salt thereof, as stabilizer. These compounds do not alter the specific organ or tissue distribution of the carrier.

Abstract: Stable injection solutions of radiodiagnostic aids ready for use are obtained by addition to the organ-or tissue-specific carrier, before, during or after the labeling with the pertechnetate, of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R denotes hydrogen, and R' denotes a sulpho- or a carboxymethyl group, or R and R' each denote a sulpho- or a carboxymethyl group, or a water-soluble salt thereof, as stabilizer. These compounds do not alter the specific organ or tissue distribution of the carrier.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## are antagonists of leukotrienes of C.sub.4, D.sub.4 and E.sub.4, the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. These compounds are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: Compounds are described of the following formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1-12 alkyl or C.sub.2-12 alkenyl, at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being C.sub.1-12 alkyl or C.sub.2-12 alkenyl; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each hydrogen or a protecting group; and Y is(a) --(CH.dbd.CH).sub.n Z in which n is 1, 2 or 3 and Z is --CHO, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COR.sup.3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COR.sup.3 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.p CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.q --COR.sup.3 in which m is an integer of 1 to 12, p is an integer of 1 to 4, q is an integer of 1 to 10 and R.sup.3 is (i) --OH or (ii) --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a morpholino, pyrrolidinyl or piperidino ring,(b) --CH.dbd.NR.sup.6 in which R.sup.6 is (i) --OH, (ii) C.sub.1-12 alkyl optionally substituted by --OH, --COOH or --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 where R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of humic acids, which comprises an oxidation of coal in dry phase with oxygen or mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen in a fluidized-bed reactor, by using coal with a granulometry comprised within the range of from 100 .mu.m to 3 mm and operating at a temperature comprised within the range of from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C., under a partial pressure of oxygen comprised within the range of from 1.1 abs.atm. to 10 abs.atm., for a contact time comprised within the range of from 30 minutes to 600 minutes.

Abstract: Resorcinol and substituted resorcinols are converted in one single step reaction into 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzenes and substituted hydroxy resorcinol compounds with a benzene solution of peroxypropionic acid.

Abstract: Polyhalohydroxyisopropyl phenylalkanoic and phenylalkenoic acids, amides, and esters, such as methyl 2-methoxy-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]benzenepro panoate, are useful as antihypertensive agents.

Abstract: A compound having a potentially inhibitory effect on 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrognase (PGDH) and having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or lower alkyl;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, cyano, carboxy or nitro; at least one of the groups R.sub.4 to R.sub.6 being hydrogen;R.sub.7 to R.sub.11 are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, lower acyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, N,N,-diloweralkyl-aminocarbonyl or N,N-loweralkylene-aminocarbonyl; and R.sub.8 and R.sub.10 may in addition be carboxy; at least two of R.sub.7 to R.sub.11 always being hydrogen; and--A-- is --CO--, --CH.sub.2 --CO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.CH--CO-- or corresponding groups in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a lower alkyl group.The invention comprises also lactones of those compounds in which R.sub.

Abstract: A procedure for producing stearyl-.beta.-(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and bis-(.beta.-(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-methylcarboxyethyl)sulphide. In the procedure, a titanate-catalysis exchange esterification reaction is carried out with propionic acid ester conforming to formula (IV) and stearyl alcohol or thiodiglycol. ##STR1## where Bu is an n-butyl, secondary butyl, isobutyl or tertiary butyl group and R.sub.2 is a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl group.

Abstract: Ring opened halogenated Resorcyclic Acid Lactone (RAL) derivatives having the structure: ##STR1## are used to increase rumen fermentation efficiency.

Abstract: Process for preparing alkanoic acid or their esters by rearrangement of alpha-halo-ketones in protic medium and in the presence of a non-noble metal salt.The protic medium is preferably an aliphatic alcohol having low molecular weight or water and the reaction is carried out at a temperature from 0.degree. C. to the boiling-point of the diluent or of the diluents mixture.

Abstract: New compounds having the formula 1 ##STR1## wherein W is hydrogen, halogen, n-alkyl, --NHCOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, or phenoxyacetylamino optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1-12 straight- or branched chain alkyl, X is a substituent in the coupling position and is selected from hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, --SR.sup.11 or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic residue attached at a ring nitrogen atom, and Y is a group having the formula 2 ##STR2## wherein Q is selected from the residues: --COOR.sup.4 or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --OM, --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, --PO(OR.sup.9)[O].sub.x R.sup.10 with X=0 or 1, --SO.sub.2 OH, --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 or CN. The groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, M, k and n are defined hereinafter.These compounds are used as black color couplers in photographic materials.

Abstract: Compounds having anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the formula ##STR1## are produced from compounds having the formula ##STR2## by rearrangement in the presence of a base or an amide and (1) X S O X.sup.1 or X S O.sub.2 X.sup.1 where X and X.sup.1 are halogen or trifluoromethyl or (2) sulfur dioxide and halogen.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of alpha-hydroxyl-alkanoic acids of formula ##STR1## which are known anti-inflammatory agents or intermediates for known pharmaceutical products. The process consists essentially in the rearrangement of phenolates of formula ##STR2## wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl, in aqueous environment or in an organic medium, at temperatures comprised within the range of from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. and within short times, followed by either acid or alkaline hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid compound, which comprises reacting an optically active compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and M is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal atom, with hydroquinone or an alkali metal salt of hydroquinone, in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide and water, and precipitating optically active disodium 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propionate.

Abstract: New hydroquinone ether compounds of formula I are described: ##STR1## wherein p is 1 or 2 and Q is 0 or 1, provided that p+q is 1 or 2, R is a residue of formula II ##STR2## and R.sub.o, R.sub.oo, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, Q, n and k are as defined in the specification,The new compounds are useful e.g. as stabilizers in photographic material.

Abstract: In the preparation of a cinnamic acid by reacting the corresponding benzaldehyde with ketene in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement which comprises using as the catalyst an iron and/or zinc salt of a mono- or di-carboxylic acid with 2 to 20 carbon atoms containing free carboxylic acid and/or anhydride, and then splitting the reaction product in the temperature range from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. with an acid or basic catalyst.

Abstract: p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is prepared by reduction of p-hydroxymandelic acid with HI in the presence of red phosphorus. According to a preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in one vessel in which the mandelic acid is prepared in situ from phenol and glyoxylic acid.

Abstract: Tetrakis [3-(3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxymethyl] methane having a high purity and excellent whiteness is prepared. In this process, an ester exchange reaction between a propionic acid ester having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Bu is an n-, sec-, iso-, or tert-butyl group and R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and pentaerythritol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst is effected by adding 0.2 through 1.8 mol of water based on 1 mol of the alkaline catalyst by the substantial completion of the ester exchange reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an aryl acetic acid derivative represented by the formulaAr--CH.sub.2 COY).sub.ncomprising hydrolyzing in an alkaline substance a dichloroethenyl compound represented by the formulaAr--CH.dbd.CCl.sub.2).sub.n.