Abstract: An integrated process for the preparation of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid from the corresponding 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile through hydrolysis of the nitrile by strong base to the corresponding carboxylic acid followed by formation of the corresponding phenol by nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine with a strong base in the presence of copper salts, and if so desired metallic copper, is described.

Abstract: A method for producing high yields of aryl substituted esters of the formula ##STR1## by reacting sterically hindered phenols with a stoichiometric excess of an olefinic ester in the presence of a base catalyst at a temperature in the range of 150.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: 3,5-Dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-substituted acetic acids are prepared by reacting a 2,6-dialkylphenol with a haloform, a ketone and an alkali metal hydroxide. These 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-substituted acetic acids are also useful as stabilizers and in the preparation of derivatives thereof such as esters and the like.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cyclic alkyl radicals and R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and hydrocarbyloxy radicals are prepared by reacting an N,N-di-hydrocarbyl-4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-aminomethyl)2,6-di-hydro carbyl-substituted phenol having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined above and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals with an alkali metal cyanide or an alkaline earth metal cyanide in a suitable solvent. The 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed can readily be converted to the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cyclic alkyl radicals and R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and hydrocarbyloxy radicals are prepared by reacting a 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-hydrocarbyloxymethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined above and R.sub.4 is selected from hydrocarbyl radicals or substituted hydrocarbyl radicals with an alkali metal cyanide or an alkaline earth metal cyanide in a suitable solvent. The 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed can readily be converted to the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)phenol by dealkylating the substituent groups ortho to the hydroxyl group from the 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.

Abstract: New hydroquinones having the formula: ##STR1## wherein p is 1 or 2 and q is 0 or 1, provided that p+q is 1 or 2; R is a residue of formula: ##STR2## wherein Q is selected from the residues --COZR.sub.4 wherein Z is 0 or NR.sub.5, --OX wherein X is R.sub.5 or --COR.sub.7, --NR.sub.8 R.sub.9, --PO(OR.sub.10)[O].sub.x R.sub.11 wherein x is 0 or 1, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.12 or --CN, and salts thereof with organic or inorganic acid bases.The groups, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, k and n are defined hereafter.These compounds are used as stabilizers in photographic materials.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and hydrocarbyloxy radicals and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cyclic alkyl radicals and are prepared by reacting a di-substituted phenol having the formula ##STR2## when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above with an aldehyde having at least one aldehyde radical and containing an R group as defined above and an alkali metal cyanide or an alkaline earth metal cyanide in a suitable solvent. The 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed can readily be converted to the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)-phenol by dealkylating the substituent groups ortho to the hydroxyl group from the 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.

Abstract: Substituted phenylalkenoic acids and esters of the formula: ##STR1## having useful pharmaceutical activity and processes for their preparation are disclosed.

Abstract: Hydroxyphenylacetic acids are formed from the corresponding benzaldehydes or alkyl phenyl ketones by reduction, cyanation and hydrolysis without isolation or purification of intermediate products.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid which is useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical is provided. A method for preparing 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid comprising the steps of first reacting benzyl phenyl ether with formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride to form 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride, second reacting the resultant 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride with an alkali metal cyanide in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water and an organic solvent to form 4-benzyloxyphenylacetonitrile, and hydrolyzing the resultant 4-benzyloxyphenylacetonitrile in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl are prepared by reacting a di-substituted phenol, such as 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl phenol, with a Friedel-Crafts addition agent in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-oxo-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol. The 4-(.alpha.-alkyl -.alpha.-oxo-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed readily can be reduced to form the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-hydroxy-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol which thereafter can be reacted with an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal cyanide to form the desired 4-(.alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol. This can be converted by hydrolysis into the corresponding .alpha.-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. These acids are well-known insecticidal and acaricidal intermediates.

Abstract: 3-Alkoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid useful as intermediate for preparation of pharmaceuticals is prepared by catalytic reduction with hydrogen using a palladium catalyst of corresponding 3-alkoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid occurring as the reaction product between 2-alkoxyphenol and glyoxylic acid at high conversion and yield.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by reducing p-hydroxymandelic acid with a stannous salt. The product is a valuable intermediate for the preparation of the .beta.-adrenergic blocking agent atenolol.

Abstract: A catalyst of bis(8-quinolinolate) copper (II) complex having the formula ##STR1## which is used for producing a hydroxyphenyl aliphatic acid derivative having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, hydroxy group or a lower alkylcarbonyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and respectively represent hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; and m is 1 or 2; l is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0, 1 or 2; by reacting a halophenyl aliphatic acid derivative having the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, m, l and n are defined above and R.sub.4 represents hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon moiety; and X represents a halogen atom, with a base.

Abstract: Disclosed are substituted phenol comprising the reaction product of an alkyl phenol, said alkyl substituent containing about 50 to about 20,000 carbon atoms, and aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid containing about 3 to about 100 carbon atoms; and a process for the manufacture of said substituted phenol. The substituted phenol can have the formula ##STR1## where R comprises alkyl substituent containing from about 50 to about 20,000 carbon atoms, and n and r are integers such that n+r.gtoreq.5.ltoreq.15.

Abstract: A method for the alkylation of certain substituted phenylacetonitriles with alkylhalides in the presence of solid particulated alkali metal hydroxides under essentially anhydrous conditions. Trialkylamine catalysts may optionally be utilized. Compounds obtained by this method, some of which are valuable intermediates in the preparation of pyrethroid pesticides, are described.

Abstract: 4-(2,5-Dihydroxyphen-1-yl)-crotonic acid and its derivative (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, R.sup.5 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkenyl, and R' is H or an organic radical which can be split off hydrogenolytically, and a process for the preparation of the compounds I, wherein a hydroquinone II ##STR2## is reacted, in the presence of from 0.1 to 2 moles of a Lewis acid per mole of II, with(a) a vinylglycolic acid derivative IIIa ##STR3## or (b) a crotonic acid derivative IIIb ##STR4## where X is halogen, hydroxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or acyloxy.

Abstract: Radiolabeled steroid derivatives having the formula ##STR1## wherein St is a des-hydroxy steroid moiety of (i) a hydroxy steroid intended for radioimmunoassay or (ii) a hydroxy containing derivative of a steroid intended for radio-immunoassay, said derivative having a strong affinity for the antibodies of the steroid intended for radioimmunoassay; R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and the asterisk (*) indicates tagging with a radioisotope, are useful as tracers in radioimmunoassays.

Abstract: Phenylacetic acid and the simple derivatives thereof are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of mandelic acid and its appropriate derivatives in the presence of a noble metal catalyst in aqueous solution which is free from mineral acid, especially free from hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by reducing 4-hydroxymandelic acid in a reaction medium of a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid or a water-containing lower aliphatic carboxylic acid. When the crystalline 4-hydroxymandelic acid is employed as the staring material, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid of high quality is obtained in high yields.

Abstract: New homopolymerizable or copolymerizable 3,3-disubstituted furan dione compounds are described of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a reactive moiety and Y and R are unreactive moieties.

Abstract: Method for producing 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid where(a) o-chlorophenol is reacted with glyoxylic acid to form 3-chloro-4-hydroxymandelic acid,(b) the 3-chloro-4-hydroxymandelic acid is reduced to 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and(c) the chloro group is cleaved from the 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a polyhydric phenol by hydroxylation of a phenol with a peroxidic hydroxylating agent, is disclosed. The improvement resides in that before the hydroxylation, all or some of the mixture to be hydroxylated is treated with a cation exchanger.

Abstract: Oxidative dye compositions for keratin fibres are provided which contain a 2,5-dihydroxyphenylalkanoic acid or salt thereof as antioxidant.

Abstract: This invention provides new compounds of the formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or phenyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, andR.sub.3 is halogen, nitro, lower alkyl, methylthio, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, acyloxy or acylamino, with the proviso that when R.sub.3 is in the 5 position, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are identical and signify a straight alkyl chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is lower alkyl,useful as anti-phlogistics.

Abstract: .alpha.-Substituted-3-(halomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acids, prepared by the halomethylation of .alpha.-substituted-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acids are new and useful as starting materials for the preparation of cephalosporin and penicillin derivatives.

Abstract: Novel products suitable for use as detergents in lubricant compositions are provided. Such products include the reaction products of (1) the product of reaction between an alkenylsuccinic acid, ester or anhydride and a hydroxyaromatic compound, (2) the product of reaction between (1) and an amine selected from the group consisting of an alkanepolyol such as an amino alkanediol and a polyalkylenepolyamine; (3) the reaction product of (2) and an aldehyde; (4) the reaction product of (3) with a metal salt capable of forming a stable complex with amines; (5) the reaction product of (2) with a metal salt; and (6) the product of reaction between an alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride and an alkyl phenyl ether.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of general formula I: ##STR1## and salts, esters and amides thereof, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl (1-4 C),R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkyl (1-4 C) or alkoxy (1-4 C),n has the value 0, 1 or 2 andALK is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical with 3-12 carbon atoms, in which a straight carbon chain in between the benzene rings is present, containing 3-8 carbon atoms, andthe dotted line indicates an optional extra bond between the first and second carbon counted from the phenyl ring, in case of an extra bond the group R.sub.2 and one hydrogen attached to said second carbon being absent, having valuable hypocholesterolaemic and hypotriglyceriolaemic properties.

Abstract: New 4-hydroxy-3-(substitutedmethyl)benzeneacetic acids have been prepared which are useful as starting materials in the preparation of cephalosporin and penicillin derivatives.

Abstract: Glyoxylic acid and hydrochloric acid are reacted with an aromatic compound having at least one substituent group selected from among the alkyl, aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy and aryloxy groups. The glyoxylic acid is used in a concentration comprised between 60 and 100% and the hydrochloric acid is used in as concentrated an aqueous solution as possible, e.g. in an organic solvent medium such as acetic acid. An acid catalyst such as zinc chloride may be used. The reaction may be carried out under pressure. The products are useful in various syntheses e.g. to produce amino acids or arylacetic acids with medicinal uses.

Abstract: Oxazolines having at least one 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxypheny l alkanoic acid ester substituent are provided. Such oxazolines are found to be useful an antioxidants in organic substances normally susceptible to oxidative deterioration.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to .omega.-aryl substituted .omega.-nor prostaglandin analogues bearing an oxygenated function at C-10, such as a hydroxy radical, or a 9,10- or 10,11-epoxide. A typical compound is 16-(3-chlorophenoxy)-9.alpha.,10.beta.,11.alpha.,15.alpha.-tetrahydroxy-17 ,18,19,20-tetranor-5-cis,13-trans-prostadienoic acid. Also disclosed are chemical processes for the manufacture of said compounds, pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions containing said compounds, and a method of achieving luteolysis in mammals by the use of such compounds.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by the reduction of p-hydroxymandelic acid. The product is a useful intermediate for the preparation of the .beta.-adrenergic blocking agent atenolol.

Abstract: A composition suitable for dyeing keratin fibres, especially human hair, is provided comprising a direct dyestuff and, as a levelling agent, a 2,5-dihydroxyphenylcarboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Condensation products made by reacting an alpha-hydroxyalkyl hydroxy-aromatic compound also having at least one non-fused hydrocarbyl substituent with at least one olefinic nitrile, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. The total number of carbon atoms in the non-fused hydrocarbyl substituents is at least about seven while the alpha-hydroxyalkyl group contains from one to about 36 carbons and the olefinic acid or nitrile reactant usually contains two to about forty carbon atoms. Products made from hydroxymethyl alkyl-substituted phenols and .alpha.,.beta.-olefinic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride are particularly useful. Similarly useful post-treated products can be made from these condensation products by further reaction with alcohols, amines, metal salts or metals.

Abstract: Condensation products made by reacting an alpha-haloalkyl hydroxy-aromatic compound also having at least one non-fused hydrocarbyl substituent with at least one olefinic nitrile, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. The number of carbon atoms in the aromatic hydrocarbyl compound's substituents are each about 25 while the haloalkyl group contains from one to about 36 carbons. The acid or nitrile reactant usually contains three to about forty carbons. Products made from halomethyl alkyl-substituted phenols and .alpha.,.beta.-olefinic diacid derivatives such as maleic anhydride are particularly useful. Similarly useful products can be made from these condensation products by further reacting their acid, acid derivative or nitrile groups with alcohols, polyols, monoamines, polyamines, metal salts or metals.

Abstract: The invention is 2-haloalkyl(oxy-, thio-, sulfinyl-, or sulfonyl)phenylalkanoic acids which are useful intermediates in the preparation of insecticides of m-phenoxybenzyl and .alpha.-cyano-m-phenoxybenzyl esters.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for making certain compositions, the compositions and lubricating oils containing certain compositions. Disclosed are a substituted phenol comprising the reaction product of an alkyl phenol, said alkyl substituent containing about 50 to about 20,000 carbon atoms, and an aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid containing about 3 to about 100 carbon atoms; and a process for the manufacture of said substituted phenol. Also disclosed are oil soluble Mannich reaction products of said substituted phenol, an amine having at least one reactive nitrogen, and a formaldehyde affording reactant; and a process for the manufacture of said Mannich product. Also disclosed is a lubricating oil composition containing said Mannich reaction product.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formulae ##STR1## wherein R represents lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, A represents --CH.sub.2 --, --CO-- or ##STR2## n represents an integer of 1 to 8, X represents hydrogen or hydroxyl which may be protected and Y represents hydroxyl which may be protected, and their esters show an excellent action on the lysosomal membranes of cells, and exhibit excellent pharmacological activities such as physiologic host defense control activity, especially immuno-potentiating activity.