Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for producing .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes including industrial important fragrances such as citral and sinensal, starting materials for preparing pharmaceutical drugs such as senecioaldehyde, farnesal, 8-acetoxy-2,6-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and the like, directly and in high yield, from formic acid esters of allylic alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of aluminum alkoxide by the oxidation of the corresponding alehyde.

Abstract: 1,2,4-Trioxanes are subjected to reductive cleavage, thereby to produce a 1,2-diol and carbonyl compound. The process has applications both in the synthesis of 1,2-diols and the protection, in the course of organic synthesis, of carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing glycol aldehyde from ethylene glycol by use of a complex system catalyst comprising copper and other inorganic component, which comprises permitting 0.001 to 0.3 mole of oxygen per one mole of ethylene glycol to be copresent in the reaction system.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## with cis or trans structure in racemic or optically active form wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aryl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms comprising reacting an optically active isomer, or racemate of the formula ##STR2## wherein R has the above definition and the way line indicates Z or E geometry with a gem-dimethyl cyclopropanation agent if there is Z geometry to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR3## or if the geometry is E with a gem-dimethyl cyclopropanation agent other than isopropylidene triphenyl phosphorane to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein R has the above definition and the cyclopropane ring has the trans configuration and either hydrolyzing the compound of formula III or IIIa to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR5## and then cleaving the 4,5 bond to obtain the corresponding compound of formula I or simultaneously cleaving the 4,5 bond and hydrolyzing t

Abstract: In the process for making glyoxal by catalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol in contact with catalyst comprising copper, glyoxal yield is improved and catalyst life is improved by the presence of a small amount of iodine or organic iodide in the reactant feed mixture.

Abstract: A novel process for converting myrcene to citral using palladium (II) chloride in the presence of an inert aqueous alkylamide solvent and a metal oxoanionic salt at a temperature of at least about 80.degree. C. is disclosed. A novel process for converting a palladium-myrcene complex to citral using a metal oxoanionic salt in the presence of an inert aqueous organic solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is described a method of selectively and continuously converting a cyanohydrin to its corresponding aldehyde using as a catalyst zerovalent palladium dispersed on an organic polymeric resin with a surface area above 30 m.sup.2 /g. The aqueous cyanohydrin feedstock contains from about 0.5 to about 1.1 equivalents of an acid over and above that necessary to provide a pH of 2. Selective conversions may be obtained using hydrogen pressures up to about 450 pounds per square inch.

Abstract: Esters are prepared by contacting, under suitable reaction conditions, a feed stream comprising a primary alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms per molecule (preferably methanol, ethanol) and carbon monoxide with a catalyst composition comprising (a) copper or a copper compound (preferably CuO), (b) zinc oxide, (c) at least one metal or compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium, iridium, platinum, molybdenum, and rhenium (preferably cobalt and/or rhenium) and, optionally, (d) alumina.

Abstract: The process for the production of high molecular weight oxygenates by condensing low molecular weight oxygenates in the presence of CO and a catalyst having the general formula A.sub.a CuM.sub.c X.sub.d O.sub.x. In addition, a novel condensation catalyst comprising A.sub.a CuM.sub.c Bi.sub.d O.sub.x is disclosed for use in this process.

Abstract: Citral is prepared from prenol and prenal by condensation to form an acetal followed by cracking, both operations being effected in the presence of a lithium halide (e.g. lithium chloride) as catalyst.

Abstract: Organic iodine compounds are separated from carbonylation products of methanol, methyl acetate and dimethyl ether and from mixtures of such carbonylation products by a process wherein the iodine compounds are removed by liquid phase extraction with a non-aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the synthesis of phenol and acetone by decomposition over a heterogeneous catalyst from the group consisting of a heteropoly acid on an inert support or an ion exchange resin with a sulfonic acid functionality. The method allows for quantitative conversions with yields of up to >99 mole % or better.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for converting saturated aliphatic primary alcohols to aldehydes by passing said alcohols over a fixed bed of brass catalyst particles at a temperature ranging from about 375.degree. to about 550.degree. C. in the presence of hydrogen passing over the bed at a gaseous hourly space velocity of greater than about 250 hour.sup.-1 and recovering the product aldehyde from an effluent passing out of the fixed bed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the synthesis of phenol and acetone by decomposition over a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a fluorine-containing acidic compound on an inert support. The method allows for quantitative conversions with yields of up to >99 mole %.

Abstract: Ketones or aldehydes containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and a carbonyl group conjugated with at least one double bond are hydrolyzed by the action of heat and pressure in the presence of water by a batch or continuous process. The ketone or aldehyde cleaves at the double bond conjugated with the carbonyl group to produce additional carbonyl-containing compounds.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the synthesis of phenol and acetone by acid-catalyzed decomposition over a catalyst comprising an acidic smectite clay, particularly an acidic montmorillonite silica-alumina clay. The method allows for quantitative conversions with yields of up to 98% mole or better. Further the method is capable of operating efficiently at high LHSVs.

Abstract: Process for the production of aldehydes or ketones by oxidative cleavage of olefinic double bonds by means of a coordination complex of a ligand and a peroxo derivative of a metal of group 6b.Aldehydes and ketones obtained by said process are used among others as intermediates in the synthesis of organic products.

Abstract: This invention relates to the generation of acrolein from an acetal of acrolein via exposure to a sulfonic acid reusable catalytic material. The acrolein acetals have the following general structures; ##STR1## where R may or may not be equal to R' R/R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons; and ##STR2## where R is a cyclic diol derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol hexoses or polyaccharides.

Abstract: This process for the preparation of products of general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein either R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are identical, represent a --CHRR.sub.3 group, in which R and R.sub.3, which are identical or different, represent an alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are identical, represent a --CH.sub.2 R group, in which R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl radical, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together form a --CH.sub.2 --(CRR).sub.n --CHR-- radical, in which n represents 0 or 1 and R retains the meaning given previously, is characterized by reacting glyoxal in the presence of an acid catalyst with an excess of the corresponding alcohol of general formula (II) RR.sub.3 CHOH, (III) RCH.sub.2 OH or (IV) --(CRR).sub.n --CHROH, in which R, R.sub.3 and n retain the meaning given previously, then stopping the reaction as soon as the concentration of the desired monoacetal of general formula (I) decreases in the reaction medium in favor of bisacetal.

Abstract: Benzaldehyde derivatives of the general formula I, where X is an oxygen atom or two R.sup.2 O groups and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl radicals of 1-4 carbon atoms, their preparation, and their use as odorants or odorant intermediates.

Abstract: Ketones or aldehydes containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and a carbonyl group conjugated with at least one double bond are hydrolyzed by the action of heat and pressure in the presence of water by a batch or continuous process. The ketone or aldehyde cleaves at the double bond conjugated with the carbonyl group to produce additional carbonyl-containing compounds.

Abstract: A process for making a carbonyl-containing compound is disclosed. In this process an allylic ether is contacted with water in the presence of a cobalt-containing material under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide gas.

Abstract: A complex of a tetradentate tetraanionic ligand L of the formula: ##STR1## and a metal, preferably a transition metal, is described where Z is an anionic oxidation reistant metal complexing group, Ch is an oxidation resistant chelate group containing 1 to 4 chain atoms and Y is hydrogen. The chelate and ring Z-Ch-M-Z functional groups Z, such as N or O, are resistant to oxidation and the ring contains 4 to 7 preferably 5 to 6 chain atoms. An osmium complex containing two pyridine ligands is an oxidation catalyst. Further activation by anodic oxidation and heating to a temperature exceeding 30.degree. C. greatly increases catalytic activity.

Abstract: Alkylenebisphenols and alkyltrisphenols are dearylated under mild conditions of temperature and pressure in the absence of HF to obtain alkyl and/or alkenyl substitute or phenols and other related polymer products.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or alkenyl group with or without being substituted with a lower acyloxy group. The aldehyde of the general formula (I) is prepared by reaction between an allylic chloride of the following general formula (IIa) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have, respectively, the same meanings as defined above, and an amine oxide selected from the group consisting of tri(lower alkyl)amine N-oxides of the formula,R.sub.3.sup.4 N.sup.+ O.sup.-,in which R.sup.4 represents a lower alkyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and N-lower alkylmorpholine N-oxides of the following formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.5 represents a lower alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Alternatively, the aldehyde of the formula (I) is obtained by reaction between an allylic chloride of the following general formula (IIb) ##STR4## in which R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for making a E,Z-11-tetradecen-1-al containing from 80 to 83 mole percent of the E isomer and from 17 to 20 mole percent of the Z isomer which exhibits pheromone-like activity for the spruce bud worm (choristoneura fumiferana).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an alpha-, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid compound which comprises the aldol-type condensation of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid compound under vapor phase conditions in the presence of a hydrocarbon of 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a solid catalyst.

Abstract: The disclosure is of an improved process for the Oppenauer oxidation of geraniol/nerol to obtain citral. The improvement comprises the use of selected tertiary aldehydes as hydrogen acceptors.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes or the secondary products thereof which comprises reacting an alcohol having from one to about twenty carbon atoms with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a heterogeneous sulfided catalyst comprising cobalt in admixture with a co-catalyst selected from the elements of Groups V-B, VI-B and the Actinide series of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Acetaldehyde is prepared by reacting methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cobalt component, a tin component, and a halogen component.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes or the secondary products thereof which comprises reacting an alcohol having from one to about twenty carbon atoms with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a heterogeneous sulfided catalyst comprising nickel in admixture with a co-catalyst selected from the elements of Groups V-B, VI-B and the Actinide series of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: This invention deals with the use of a perfluorocarbon polymer oxidation catalyst consisting of a perfluorocarbon main chain and a side chain constructed from structural units of chromium (III) difluoromethylene sulfonate or cerium (IV) difluoromethylene sulfonate in a method of preparing a carbonyl compound through an oxidation of an alcohol.

Abstract: The preparation of 1,4-butandial (succindialdehyde) is obtained using acrolein. The acrolein is first converted with an alkanol into 3,3-dialkoxy-1-propene and this is then hydroformylated in the presence of hydridotristriphenylphosphine-rhodiumcarbonyl mixed with triphenylphosphine or triphenylphosphite as the catalyst. The thereby obtained 4,4-dialkoxy-butanal is removed from the hydroformylation product by means of distillation and is then hydrolyzed to 1,4-butandial.

Abstract: Alkali metal carbonates have been found to be effective catalysts for dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols. The dehydrogenated products may be either predominantly ketones and aldehydes, depending on whether the feed alcohol is secondary or primary, or may be fuel gases. Lower reaction temperatures, in the neighborhood of 600.degree. C., tend to produce high yields of liquid products. Higher temperatures encourage production of fuel gases of high calorific value. When fuel gases are a desired product, a feedstock containing water, in addition to the alcohol, produces increased yields due to the simultaneous catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction.

Abstract: Higher ketones are prepared by contacting, under suitable reaction conditions, a feed stream comprising (a) a primary alcohol of 2-6 carbon atoms per molecule (preferably ethanol, 1-propanol or 1-butanol) and (b) carbon monoxide with a catalyst composition containing copper oxide, zinc oxide and, optionally, alumina.

Abstract: Novel peroxide compounds and the use thereof. In particular, the present invention concerns .beta.-hydroxycyclopentylperoxide compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or an organic residue of 1 to 9 carbon atoms. These novel peroxide compounds are useful as an intermediate in the production of glutaraldehydes.

Abstract: The manufacture of optically active bifunctional compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents protected hydroxymethyl, protected formyl or alkoxycarbonyl and R.sup.1 represents a group of the formula ##STR2## or --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.NR.sup.2 in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent lower alkyl or cycloalkyl or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the nitrogen atom represent a heterocyclic ring,by isomerizing compounds of the general formula ##STR3## wherein R, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above significance and R.sup.3 can additionally signify hydrogen,is described.The compounds of formula I are potential intermediates in the manufacture of, inter alia, natural vitamin E and natural vitamin K.sub.1.

Abstract: A process for the selective, thermally-induced hydrolysis of acetals to the corresponding aldehydes and alcohols is disclosed, involving heating and pressurizing a substantially acid-free acetal containing solution to effect the rapid hydrolysis of the acetals without significant harm to the remaining reaction system components, and removing the treated solution from the reaction zone as product.

Abstract: Catalysts and a method of using said catalysts for the alkoxylation of a variety of materials is disclosed. Catalysts so described produce alkoxylates having a very sharp alkoxylate distribution. The catalysts are supported and unsupported dialkoxy and dialkyl metal fluorides and halides and alkyl metal difluorides and dihalides.

Abstract: A novel synthesis of methacrylic acid and methacrolein from isobutylene oxide is provided. This method includes contacting isobutylene oxide with a catalyst, preferably a heteropolyacid catalyst, in the presence of oxygen. Using this method, isobutylene oxide conversion is nearly 100% complete. Depending upon the reaction temperature selected, yields of up to about 60% methacrolein and up to about 12% methacrylic acid may be obtained. A simple, inexpensive high yield process is thus provided for producing reaction mixtures containing methacrylic acid and methacrolein.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a membrane solvent extraction and reaction system. More particularly it pertains to an improvement in the membrane solvent extraction system wherein a solute is extracted through a polymeric membrane from one solvent liquid phase to an extracting solvent liquid without direct contact between the liquid phases which are separated by the membrane and in which the extracting solvent has no greater solubility and usually substantially less solubility for the solute than the feed solvent. The impovement comprises converting the solute permeating across the membrane to a different chemical compound, whereby a high concentration gradient for the solute across the membrane is maintained to improve the separation of the solute from the feed solvent liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aldehyde at high selectivity and rate by the reaction of an inorganic or organic ester with carbon monoxide or synthesis gas in contact with a catalyst system containing cobalt, rhodium or ruthenium atoms and lithium iodide and, optionally, an organic ligand.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aldehyde at high selectivity and rate by the reaction of an organic ester with carbon monoxide or synthesis gas in contact with a catalyst system containing rhodium atoms and cobalt atoms and lithium iodide or lithium bromide and, optionally, an organic ligand.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing 7-octen-1-al which comprises isomerizing 2,7-octadien-1-ol in the presence of a catalyst comprising oxides of at least two metals selected from the group consisting of copper, chromium and zinc and processes for producing derivatives of 7-octen-1-al.

Abstract: Unsaturated mono- and saturated di-aldehydes and acetals are produced by reacting a conjugated diolefine with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of an alcohol and a catalyst comprising rhodium, a tert phosphine or phosphite and more than one equivalent of acid per gram atom of rhodium.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of hydroxycitronellol by an addition reaction of water with citronellol. This reaction takes place directly on heating a homogeneous solution of citronellol in a mixture of water and an inert solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, glymes, and tetrahydrofuran. The reaction is catalyzed with a cation exchange resin.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing primary and/or secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehyde and/or ketone derivatives, consisting of reacting said alcohols with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of synthetic zeolites containing titanium atoms, of general formula:xTiO.sub.2.(1-x)SiO.sub.2,where x lies between 0.0001 and 0.04, and possibly in the presence of one or more solvents, operating at a temperature of between 20.degree. and 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of an .alpha.-hydroxy-phosphonic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## in which R represents an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of each other represent an alkyl or phenyl group, or together represent an alkanediyl (alkylene) radical,comprising reacting .alpha.-oxo-phosphonic acid esters with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The .alpha.-hydroxy-phosphonic acid esters of formula (I) are intermediate products for the production of pesticides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aldehyde of the formulaR--CHO (I)in which R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloakyl, cycloalkenyl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aryl or heteroaryl radical, comprising heating an .alpha.-hydroxyphosphonic acid ester of the formula ##STR1## the aldehyde of the formula (I) can be used as an intermediate in the production of pest-combating agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes by reacting a 1,4-diacyloxyalk-2-ene, which is substituted in the 2-position by an aliphatic radical, with water in the presence of an acid, and of 2,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal.