Abstract: Diesel engine cylinder oils of improved cleanliness and load carrying ability and reduced port deposit characteristics for use in marine and stationary slow speed diesel engines are based on medium heavy Group I or Group II neutral base oils, typically from 300 to 500 SUS using a liquid, oil-miscible polyisobutylene (PIB) in combination with the neutral base stock and an additive package comprising a detergent component or components, an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, and a dispersant. The detergent component preferably comprises one or more overbased phenates, phenylates, salicylates or sulfonates in order to confer the desired alkalinity characteristics on the finished oil. The oils are produced in the viscosity range of 15 to 25 cS (100° C.), usually with a nominal viscosity of 20 or 24 cS, i.e., from 18.5 to 21.9 cS or 21.9 to 26.1 cS (100° C.). The viscosity index of the improved oils is at least 95, typically from 105 to 120. Total Base Number of the oils is in the range 40 to 100.

Abstract: Ethylene copolymers with octene and/or ethylene terpolymers with alpha-olefins from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally in the presence of other comonomers containing more than one unsaturation, usable as additives to increase the gas oil properties at low temperatures, obtainable by polymerization of the monomers in the presence of catalysts comprising: a bis-cyclopentadienyl derivative having the general formula:

Abstract: Metal powder compositions for powder metallurgy (P/M) applications contain an oxidized high-density polyethylene as a lubricant. The compositions are suitable for either cold or warm compaction. When compacted, the compositions yield parts having relatively high density, high green strength and good surface finish.

Abstract: A bitumen is rendered pipelineable by partially hydroconverting the bitumen and then adding sufficient diluent to the partially hydroconverted bitumen to provide a mixture having an API gravity at 15° C. of at least 19° and a viscosity at 40° C. in the range of about 35 to about 60 cP.

Abstract: A traction drive fluid comprising a naphthenic compound represented by the formula 1

Abstract: A method for separating benzene from a hydrocarbon mixture containing benzene and at least one other organic material is carried out by treating the hydrocarbon mixture with at least one cyclodextrin to form complexes of the cyclodextrin with at least a portion of the benzene present in the hydrocarbon mixture. The cyclodextrin-benzene complexes then are separated from the hydrocarbon mixture.

Abstract: A heat storage medium such as paraffin for a latent heat accumulator (cold accumulator), which solidifies while forming crystal structures. In order to achieve improved responsiveness on heat input, the crystal structures are modified by a structure additive preferably in terms of hollow structures, such as e.g. hollow cones.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of agglomerates of a blend of a sterically hindered phenol antioxidant and an acid neutralizer such that the agglomerates have a balanced hardness to resist abrasion during conveyance yet being readily dispersed in a host plastic. Such agglomerates are achieved through the use of a processing aid consisting of an alcohol of the formula ROH wherein R is an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, either alone or having up to 80% by volume of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, chloroform, toluene, acetone, methylethylketone, xylene, cyclohexane, styrene, methylcyclohexane, and hexane. The cosolvent processing aid has at least 1 gram of antioxidant dissolved therein per 100 mL of solvent. The processing aids are used to form a paste of a mixture of antioxidant and an acid neutralizer. The resulting paste is then subjected to agglomeration and the resulting agglomerates are thereafter dried.

Abstract: A low emission diesel fuel suitable for use in underground diesel-engined mining equipment comprises a straight run distillate fuel having an end point not greater than 300.degree. C. (about 660.degree. F.), a cetane number in the range of 55 to 60 a specific gravity not greater than 0.83 a sulfur content not greater than 0.1 wt percent and an aromatics content of 18 to 30 wt. percent. The T.sub.90 of the fuels is typically in the range of 255.degree. to 270.degree. C. (about 490.degree. F. to 525.degree. F.), with an initial boiling points typically in the range of 170.degree. to 190.degree. C. (about 340.degree. to 374.degree. F.). Ten percent points (T.sub.10) are typically in the range from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C. (about 390.degree. to 430.degree. F.). The API gravity of the fuel is at least 38 and is typically in the range of 38 to 42 and the specific gravity is typically in the range of 0.82 to 0.83.

Abstract: Use of aminotriarylmethanes of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A may be benzofused, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are together with the nitrogen atom joining them together a heterocyclic radical, or else R.sup.1 is hydrogen,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or else R.sup.3 is hydrogen, andX.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl or a radical of the formula NR.sup.1 R.sup.2, or else one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is hydrogen,for marking hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons comprising the abovementioned aminotriarylmethanes, a method for detecting the aminotriarylmethanes in hydrocarbons, and novel aminotriarylmethanes.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A process for substantially stabilizing the color of a fluid which comprises an olefin is disclosed. The process comprises contacting the fluid with a composition, which comprises aluminum, zirconium and a borate, under a condition effective to stabilize the color of the fluid.

Abstract: A low emission diesel fuel suitable for use in underground diesel-engined mining equipment comprises a straight run distillate fuel having an end point not greater than 300.degree. C. (about 660.degree. F.), a cetane number in the range of 55 to 60 a specific gravity not greater than 0.83 a sulfur content not greater than 0.1 wt percent and an aromatics content of 18 to 30 wt. percent. The T.sub.90 of the fuels is typically in the range of 255.degree. to 270.degree. C. (about 490.degree. F. to 525.degree. F.), with an initial boiling points typically in the range of 170.degree. to 190.degree. C. (about 340.degree. to 374.degree. F). Ten percent points (T.sub.10) are typically in the range from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C. (about 390.degree. to 430.degree. F.). The API gravity of the fuel is at least 38 and is typically in the range of 38 to 42 and the specific gravity is typically in the range of 0.82 to 0.83.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of secondary alkanesulphonic acids as asphaltene dispersing agent in crude oils and products derived therefrom, wherein a chain length of 8 to 22 C atoms is present. The secondary alkanesulfonic acids are employed in an amount of from 1 to 10,000 ppm by volume. The alkanesulfonic acid is preferably formulated as a solution or microemulsion, and can further contain optional alkyl-formaldehyde resin, oxyalkylated amines, or wax-dispersing agents. The alkanesulfonic acids provide reduced precipitate amounts, slow the rate of precipitate formation, form a more finely divided precipitate and reduce the tendency of the precipitate to be deposited on surfaces.

Abstract: The polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as isoprene, butadiene and acrylonitrile is inhibited during storage or handling thereof by the addition of a dihydroxycinnamic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Applicants have developed a process for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compound during the distillation of the vinyl aromatic compounds. The process involves adding to the vinyl aromatic compound, e.g., styrene, a nitroso compound such as N-nitroso-N, N'-di-3-pentyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by maintaining in the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiodialkanol. The thiodialkanol is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a method for inhibiting the formation (nucleation, growth and agglomeration) of clathrate hydrates. The method comprises adding into a mixture comprising hydrate forming substituents and water, an effective amount of a hydrate inhibitor selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, non-ionic and zwitterionic hydrate inhibitors. The hydrate inhibitor has a polar head group and a nonpolar tail group not exceeding 12 carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain.

Abstract: A wax-like substance mainly consisting of a saturated chain hydrocarbon, in which a weight ratio (C/H) of carbon and hydrogen is 5.839-6.018, a total weight % of the carbon and the hydrogen is 98.5%-100%, a number-average molecular weight (Mn) is 3.0.times.10.sup.3 -1.0.times.10.sup.4, a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is 1.0.times.10.sup.4 -5.0.times.10.sup.4 and Mw/Mn is 1.0-5.0. In the case of using it for carving and casting, for example, wax-like substance can be repeatedly used, and has the excellent workability. Moreover, the wax-like substance provides easy dewaxing from a mold material. In other words, it provides convenient use. In addition, after a master model is made by processing the wax-like substance and covered with a mold material, it is dewaxed. Molten metal is poured into the mold material, and a shaped article is produced by cooling and solidifying the mold material where the molten metal has been poured.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel azeotrope-like mixtures of fluorinated compounds which are useful for heating and cooling as heat transfer agents and/or refrigerants. The azeotrope-like mixture comprises: (a) pentafluoropropane; and (b) a hydrofluorocarbon of the formula: C.sub.x F.sub.y H.sub.z, wherein x is 3, 4, 5, or 6 and y and z are each independently 1 or a positive whole number such that the result of y/(y+z) is greater than 0.67.

Abstract: The polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as isoprene and butadiene is inhibited during storage or handling thereof by the addition of a dihydroxycinnamic acid or derivative thereof.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatics such as styrene with a mixture of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine and carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, in the presence of air or oxygen. The weight ratio of said 3,5-Di-tert-butylhydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine, carboxylic acid (or carboxylic acid anhydride) and the air is 1:1 to 0.05:0.05 to 15, respectively.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and iso-hexane are provided. The compositions of the invention are useful in the preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: A polymerization inhibitor composition for inhibiting the polymerization of aromatic vinyl monomers at elevated temperatures comprising:(a) a benzofuroxan derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or alkoxy; R.sup.1 is a nitro group; and m and n are each independently 0, 1, or 2; and(b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, and a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 hydrocarbon,and methods for inhibiting the polymerization of aromatic vinyl monomers at elevated temperatures using this composition.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting vinyl aromatic monomer polymerization during processing are disclosed. The compositions comprise a dinitrosalicylic acid derivative and a hydroxylamine compound. The methods comprise adding the composition to the monomer during processing. The preferred composition comprises 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid or 3,5-dinitrosalicylic methyl ester and bis-(hydroxypropyl)hydroxylamine.

Abstract: In the production of styrene, spontaneous polymerization of styrene monomer causes reduced efficiency and as such it is desirable to prevent the formation of polymer by the addition of inhibitors. A known inhibiting composition is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine and carboxylic acid, or an anhydride of said carboxylic acid which is added to a styrene-containing mixture. However large quantities are required and often portions of the inhibiting composition are not utilized resulting in nonproductive loss. The efficiency of the specific inhibitor can be improved by supplying air simultaneously with the inhibiting composition in a weight ratio of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine to carboxylic acid to air, said ratio being 1:1-0.05:0.05-15.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-stroke engine oil which comprises polybutene base oils which are either very low in or are substantially free of n-butenes in the polymer backbone. The absence of n-butenes in the polybutenes significantly reduces smoke emission in exhaust gases generated by the use of the engine oil. Polybutenes such as ULTRAVIS.RTM. which are substantially free of chlorine and have a high degree of terminal unsaturation are particularly preferred.

Abstract: A composition which contains a 2-halo-2-halomethyl glutaronitrile and a 4,5-polymethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one. The compositions exhibit anti-microbial activity and certain combinations of isothiazolinones together with the glutaronitrile are surprisingly effective against both bacteria and fungi.

Abstract: The water resistance of gypsum compositions, such as those used in gypsum wallboard, is improved by incorporating in the compositions an aqueous emulsion containing a paraffinic hydrocarbon having a melting point of 40.degree. to 80.degree. C., montan wax and polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Purified hydrogen is recovered from the effluent of a catalytic dehydrogenation zone using an integrated cold absorption process. The effluent, which contains olefinic hydrocarbons and hydrogen is compressed, cooled and contacted with a liquid absorbent. The purified hydrogen can be recycled to the dehydrogenation zone and the olefinic hydrocarbons are recovered as product. The present invention will recover higher purity hydrogen and liquefiable hydrocarbons more economically than prior art processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The compositions comprise a methoxyphenol compound selected from the group consisting eugenol and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and a phenylenediamine compound. The methods comprise adding from about 1 to about 10,000 parts per million to the ethylenically unsaturated monomer during processing.

Abstract: Inhibition of popcorn polymer growth by treatment with a sulfur-containing compound. The sulfur-containing compound can be added to organic material from which popcorn polymer is formed, or applied to extant popcorn polymer.

Abstract: Solvent-free lubricant compositions having improved lubricity properties comprising a basestock having a kinematic viscosity of about 1.5 to 3.0 cSt at 100.degree. C., about 3 to 15 wt % of bright stock having a kinematic viscosity about 20 to 40 cSt at 100.degree. C., about 3 to 15 wt % of a polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 400 to 1050 and about 3 to 15 wt % of a polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight of about 1150 to 1650. Minor amounts of the lubricant composition may be incorporated into a distillate fuel to provide a lubricant oil-fuel composition for two-cycle engines.

Abstract: The premature free-radical polymerization of a non-linear, readily polymerizable organic monomer under conditions where the monomer would otherwise polymerize is inhibited by incorporating within the non-linear, readily polymerizable monomer a polymerization inhibiting amount of a fullerene or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydrocarbon-rich gels as a safe storage or transportation form for liquid hydrocarbons and to a process for the safe storage and safe transportion of liquid hydrocarbons, characterised in thata) the hydrocarbon is converted into a hydrocarbon-rich gel by addition of a surfactant and water andb) after storage or transportation has taken place, the hydrocarbon-rich gel is broken down again.

Abstract: Distillate fuel is stabilized against degradation during storage by inserting into storage tanks solid materials containing polar sites to enable polar condensation of the fuel constituents active in degradation. Polyether or polyester polyurethane open cell foams are the prime solid stabilizers proposed.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting fouling in an organic process stream by adding certain oximes, hydrazine, erythorbic acid, carbohydrazide, or mixtures thereof. The antifoulant is added to the organic stream as an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Inhibition of popcorn polymer growth by treatment with a sulfur-containing compound. The sulfur-containing compound can be added to organic material from which popcorn polymer is formed, or applied to extant popcorn polymer.

Abstract: The filter plugging point and the pour-point at low temperatures of compositions based on liquid hydrocarbons from refining are improved by means of the addition, preferably in solution, of a mixture of an ethylene copolymer with another copolymerizable monomer and of an imidized acrylic polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an antioxidant material and its use in petroleum and petrochemical processes to reduce and/or control fouling problems specifically as regards hydrocarbons having a bromine number of 10 or less and containing oxygen. The inventive antioxidant material is 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine.

Abstract: Inhibition of popcorn polymer growth by treatment with an alkyl halide. This compound can be admixed with organic material from which popcorn polymer is formed, or added to a system for the recovery, use or storage of such organic material.

Abstract: Inhibition of popcorn polymer growth by treatment with a compound including a Group IV element, and at least one hydrogen bonded to the Group IV element. This compound can be admixed with organic material from which popcorn polymer is formed, or added to a system for the recovery, use or storage of such organic material.

Abstract: Inhibition of popcorn polymer growth by treatment with an inorganic acid ester. This compound can be admixed with organic material from which popcorn polymer is formed, or added to a system for the recovery, use or storage of such organic material.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing vinyl monomers in general, and ar-brominated styrene polymer in particular, against polymerization by mixing a vinyl monomer such as an ar-brominated styrene monomer with a stabilizing amount of iodine composition to produce a stabilized monomer and novel stabilized compositions.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the formation of polymeric based fouling deposits normally formed during the caustic washing of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method comprises adding an effective amount for the purpose of an ethylenediamine compound (e.g., ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, etc.) to the caustic wash system.

Abstract: Gum and sediment formation in liquid hydrocarbon mediums are inhibited by adding to the medium an alkyl 1,2-dihydroquinoline compound, dimer, trimer or polymer thereof. The invention is particularly well-suited for use in hydrodesulfurizer processes wherein the hydrocarbon medium is typically a naphtha, diesel, kerosene, light gas and or residual fuel charge and the charge or medium is subjected to high temperature and pressure treatment in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of styrene monomer during elevated temperature processing thereof or during storage or shipment of styrene containing product. The compositions comprise a combination of (a) a phenylenediamine compound having at least one N-H bond and (b) a hindered phenol compound. The methods comprise adding from 1-10,000 ppm of the combination to the styrene medium, per one million parts of styrene.

Abstract: An oil consumption controlling additive for heavy duty diesel engines comprising a polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for traction drive, which consists essentially of:(A) a base oil containing as the main component a saturated hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons having fused ring and/or nonfused ring,(B) an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of 800 to 8,000, and(C) an anti-wear agent.The lubricating oil compositions of the present invention are effectively used in winter and cold districts, since they have a high coefficient of traction and show a limited change in the coefficient of traction at low temperatures.