Abstract: The invention comprises the discovery has been made that the reactivation of spent medium pore, shape selective metallosilicate catalyst particles can be enhanced by carrying out the removal of deactivating coke and carbonaceous deposits on the surface and within the pores of the catalyst using hydrogen in a two stage process. The first stage consists of reactivation with hydrogen at elevated temperature and relatively high pressure to crack, strip and remove the more volatile deactivating coke and carbonaceous components on the catalyst surface. The second stage of the reactivation process is carried out at low pressure and elevated temperature, leading to the stripping of the deactivating carbonaceous residue of low volatility on the catalyst surface and pores. The effect of the two stage regeneration process is to improve the removal of coke and carbonaceous materials from the catalyst surface, pores and voids providing a more effective reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: An integrated process is disclosed that substantially reduces the cost of producing MTBE and other alkyl tertalkyl ethers by eliminating a major portion of the equipment and operating costs associated with the downstream processing of the etherification reactor effluent. The integrated process combines the process for the etherification of iso-olefins and methanol, or other alkanols, to produce methyl tertiary alkyl ethers such as MTBE and/or TAME with the catalytic process for converting feedstock such as oxygenates, light olefins and paraffins to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Unconverted reactants from the etherification reaction, which may comprise unreacted alkanol and unreacted hydrocarbons or just unreacted hydrocarbons, are separated from the product ethers and passed to the catalytic conversion process reactor for conversion to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel synthetic crystalline molecular sieve composition, MCM-37, which may contain framework +3 valence element, e.g. aluminum, and +5 valence element, e.g. phosphorus or with an addition +4 valence element, e.g. silicon, and to use thereof as a support and in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The crystalline composition of this invention can easily be converted to catalytically active material.

Abstract: A process for the halogen-assisted conversion of lower alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons is provided. A first reaction mixture including lower alkanes, a hydrogen halide and an oxygen-containing gas are contacted with a catalytic composition of crystalline copper aluminum borate at appropriate reaction conditions to form an intermediate composition including halogenated alkanes. The halogenated alkanes are subsequently contacted with a catalytic composition of a pentasil molecular sieve material under appropriate reaction conditions to form a product mixture including hydrocarbons having molecular weights greater than the lower alkanes.

Abstract: Process for preparing an alkyl substituted tetralin or indane by reacting a benzyl alcohol with an alkene having 4-7 carbon atoms under the influence of a Lewis acid catalyst. The product can be further reacted with an acyl halide or alkylene epoxide without prior isolated from the initial reaction mixture.

Abstract: It is disclosed that in a fixed bed process for the conversion of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 oxygenates in contact with acidic, medium pore, shape selective metallosilicate catalyst particles to produce gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons, including the step of reactivating spent catalyst at elevated temperature, the cycle time between regenerations can be substantially improved by reactivating the spent catalyst at reduced pressure and elevated temperature in contact with a stream of inert purge gas. Preferably, the reactivation is carried out at a reduced pressure from sub-atmospheric to 1400 kPa using nitrogen as a purge gas. Other purge gases include light paraffinic hydrocarbons, refinery fuel gas and Group VIII gases of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of an aliphatic feedstream in which an oxygen-deficient flue gas is used to directly transfer heat to the primary conversion reaction. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the primary conversion reactor effluent are converted to methanol or Fischer-Tropsch liquid and may be recycled to the primary conversion reactor. Preferred primary conversion reactions include dehydrogenation and aromatization of aliphatics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the synthesis of zeolites of the ferrisilicate type called ferrizeosilites, to the products obtained by this process as well as their uses. Ferrizeosilite according to the invention is characterized by (a) a chemical formula close to the following:M.sub.2/n O, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, x SiO.sub.2whereM represents a proton and/or a metal cationn is the valence of said cationx is a number between 40 and 1000(b) an x-ray diffraction diagram, and (c) a fluorine content between about 0.01% and 16% by weight. Uses are in processes for the conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons, alkylation of toluene with methanol and catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A spent acidic zeolite catalyst, e.g., ZSM-5 obtained from a hydrocarbon conversion process such as a catalytic dewaxing operation, is reactivated by contacting the spent catalyst with aqueous alkali metal carbonate and/or alkaline earth metal carbonate.

Abstract: A method for converting halocarbons, especially lower halocarbons like chloromethane, especially methyl chloride, to hydrocarbons, especially higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, wherein a reaction mixture including the halocarbons is contacted with a borosilicate-containing catalytic composition having a specified composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides and a specified X-ray diffraction pattern to form a product mixture of the desired hydrocarbon(s).

Abstract: An integrated process is disclosed that substantially reduces the cost of producing MTBE and other alkyl tert-alkyl ethers by eliminating a major portion of the equipment and operating costs associated with the downstream processing of the etherification reactor effluent. The integrated process combines the process for the etherification of isoolefins and methanol, or other alkanols, to produce methyl tertiary alkyl ethers such as MTBE and/or TAME with the catalytic process for converting feedstock such as oxygenates, light olefins and paraffins to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Unconverted reactants from the etherification reaction, which may comprise unreacted alkanol and unreacted hydrocarbons or just unreacted hydrocarbons, are separated from the product ethers and passed to the catalytic conversion process reactor for conversion to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A solid catalyst composition which has undergone a partial loss of catalytic activity due to the accumulation of reaction product residue is treated in a chemical conversion process reaction zone in the presence of feedstock(s) with ultrasonic energy of a magnitude and a duration sufficient to restore at least a significant percentage of the lost activity.

Abstract: Aliphatic oxygenates are converted to high octane gasoline by an integrated reactor system wherein three reaction zones are utilized. In a first reaction zone the oxygenates are directly converted to gasoline and an isobutane by-product. In a second reaction zone oxygenates are dehydrated to an intermediate product comprising C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins, which are then further reacted with the isobutane by-product in a third reaction zone to yield a gasoline alkylate. Ethylene-containing vapors may be separated from the second reaction zone and recycled to the first reaction zone for further processing.

Abstract: A method for hydrocarbon dewaxing which utilizes a reactivated acidic zeolite catalyst deactivated from MTG processing is disclosed. The deactivated MTG catalyst is contacted with a reactivation-effective amount of an alkali metal carbonate and/or an alkaline earth metal carbonate to reactivate the catalyst. The catalyst is, thereafter, converted to the catalytically active form. The catalyst is then steamed at a temperature and for a time period sufficient to reduce its alpha value to a level which is substantially equal to that of a fresh hydrocarbon dewaxing acidic zeolite catalyst. The reactivated catalyst is than used for catalyzing hydrocarbon dewaxing processes.

Abstract: Alumina-composited zeolite catalysts are activated by contact with an aqueous ammonium solution under ammonia gas pressure such that a pH of at least about 8 is maintained in the solution. The treated zeolite may thereafter be calcined without prior ammonium-exhange to provide the zeolite in the hydrogen form. Catalysts which are activated in this manner are useful for converting alcohols and/or ethers to hydrocarbons including aromatics.

Abstract: An integrated process is disclosed for the conversion of C.sub.2 + normal olefins into methyl tertiaryalkyl ethers and high octane gasoline. The process combines olefins interconversion with etherification and conversion of unreacted methanol and olefins in contact with acidic, shape selective metallosilicate zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Zeolite EU-2 having a molar composition expressed by the formula: 0.5 to 1.5 R.sub.2 O:Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 : at least 70 XO.sub.2 :0 to 100 H.sub.2 O wherein R is a monovalent cation or .sup.1 /n of a cation of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminium, iron, gallium or boron, and H.sub.2 O is water of hydration additional to water notionally present when R is H, and having an X-ray pattern substantially as set out in Table 1 is prepared from a reaction mixture containing XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and a dicationic alkylated polymethylene diamine. The zeolite is useful in catalytic processes, especially for the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting crude aqueous oxygenate feedstock, such methanol or the like, to liquid hydrocarbons in contact with a medium pore shape selective crystalline acid zeolite catalyst, such as HZSM-5. In a preferred embodiment, the novel technique comprises means for: (a) contacting a crude methanol feedstock containing a minor amount of water with a liquid hydrocarbon extraction stream under extraction conditions favorable to selective extraction of the methanol, thereby providing an extract liquid stream rich in methanol and an aqueous raffinate stream lean in methanol; (b) charging the extracted methanol substantially free of water to said reaction zone under process conditions to convert substantially all methanol to hydrocarbons; (c) cooling reaction effluent to recover aqueous liquid byproduct stream, gas rich in C.sub.2.sup.- hydrocarbons, liquid rich in C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and C.sub.5.sup.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a silica-containing carrier on which a metal component iron, nickel, or cobalt promoted by zirconium is supported snd, in addition, as promoter a noble metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table; the promoter cobalt/zirconium catalyst is suitable for the preparation of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a substituted naphthacene is disclosed wherein a 1,3-diphenylpropargyl alcohol is reacted with an alkanesulfonyl halide, the resultant reaction product is heated in the presence of a hindered amine base and the resultant substituted naphthacene is recovered.

Abstract: Aromatization of non-aromatics is carried out by contacting with a titanosilicate having the structure of zeolite beta which contains noble metal.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins and aromatics are prepared by catalytic conversion of lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 oxygenates in the presence of a medium pore gallium containing zeolite catalyst having a ZSM-5 framework at elevated conversion temperatures. The process favors production of valuable unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatics with low paraffin output.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. In a first step, methane is contacted with elemental sulfur under conditions sufficient to produce carbon disulfide. Carbon disulfide from this step is then contacted with methane and hydrogen under conditions sufficient to convert methane and to produce CH.sub.3 SH. This CH.sub.3 SH is then contacted with a sufficient catalyst, such as a zeolite, especially ZSM-5, under conditions sufficient to produce hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process for reacting lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 oxygenates, such as methanol, to produce gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons. Improved cycle average gasoline yield is sustained without a substantial reduction in cycle average gasoline octane number by selectively programming the conversion reactor inlet temperature during a process cycle.

Abstract: An improved MTG process for converting lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 oxygenates, such as methanol, to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons is disclosed which is capable of obtaining improved cycle average gasoline yields and improved catalyst life by programming the methanol WHSV from high values at essentially quantitative methanol conversion at the start of a cycle to low values at essentially quantitative methanol conversion at the end of a cycle.

Abstract: A process for introducing a exothermic reactant vapor stream to an adiabatic catalyst zone comprising the steps of: preheating a volatile liquid exothermic reactant stream below its autogenous temperature under process pressure; contacting the preheated liquid reactant stream in a saturator unit with a hot diluent gas to vaporize the reactant stream in gaseous mixture with the diluent stream; directing the gaseous mixture from the saturator unit to the catalyst zone for exothermic conversion of the reactant under substantially adiabatic reaction conditions in the presence of diluent gas; recovering reaction products and diluent gas from the catalyst zone; separating diluent gas from the products, compressing and recycling the diluent gas to the saturator unit.

Abstract: Organic hydrocarbons which comprise useful compounds may be obtained in a two-step process utilizing methane as a feedstock. The desired compounds are prepared by treating said methane with a halogenating agent such as chlorine, followed by contacting the methyl halide with a conversion catalyst comprising a silicalite. The silicalite which is employed is a silica polymorph consisting of crystalline silica which, after calcination in air at a temperature of 600.degree. C. for 1 hour, has a mean refractory index of 1.39.+-.0.01 and a specific gravity at 25.degree. C. of 1.70.+-.0.05 g/cc.

Abstract: A methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) catalytic conversion system in which the conversion is conducted in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. A C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon diluent is generated from pressurized liquid effluent and recycled to the fixed bed reactor in order to dissipate the heat of reaction.

Abstract: A methanol-to-gasoline (MTG type) conversion process in which the conversion is conducted in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. A C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon diluent is generated from the effluent in a series of steps and recycled to the fixed bed reactor in order to dissipate the heat of reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to acid catalysis, e.g. cracking, of organic compound feedstock, e.g. hydrocarbons, over catalyst material treated in a special way for increasing the acid catalytic activity thereof. In particular, a novel catalyst activation process is followed to enhance the alpha value of high-silica zeolite catalyst by contact with an ammoniacal solution of ammonium hydroxide and an alkali metal aluminate under appropriate conditions of time, temperature of pH.

Abstract: A process for converting crude aqueous methanol feedstock or the like to olefinic hydrocarbons in contact with a medium pore shape selective crystalline acid zeolite catalyst, wherein the improvement comprises contacting the aqueous methanol feedstock with a liquid propane-rich hydrocarbon extractant under liquid extraction conditions, recovering an aqueous phase containing the major amount of water introduced with the feedstock, recovering an organic extract phase comprising the hydrocarbon extractant and a portion of methanol introduced in the feedstock, and converting the extracted methanol at elevated temperature under catalytic reaction conditions to produce predominantly olefinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An improved process for producing hydrocarbons which comprises bringing oxygen-containing compounds into contact with a catalyst, said catalyst being a crystalline aluminosilicate, when determined after calcination in the air at 550.degree. C., having a composition represented by the following formula (I):pM.sub.2/n O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.qSiO.sub.2 (I)(wherein M represents at least one element selected from hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals, n represents the valence of M, and p and q each represent a molar ratio and are chosen within the ranges of 0.05.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.3.0, 5.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.500) and has a principal X-ray diffraction pattern as set forth in Table 1.

Abstract: The acidity of a zeolite catalyst is reduced by calcination in an essentially water-free atmosphere at temperatures above 700.degree. C., preferably from 725.degree. to 800.degree. C., to reduce the alpha value to less than 10 percent of its original value. The low acidity catalysts produced in this way may be used for conversions requiring low acidity, shape selective catalysis, including conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbons. The calcined, low acidity catalysts exhibit improved selectivity to certain desired products.

Abstract: A process for converting crude aqueous methanol feedstock to liquid hydrocarbons in contact witha medium pore shape selective crystalline acid zeolite catalyst, such as HZSM-5. In a preferred embodiment, the novel technique comprises the steps of: (a) contacting a crude methanol feedstock containing a minor amount of water with a liquid hydrocarbon extraction stream under extraction conditions favorable to selective extraction of the methanol, thereby providing an extract liquid stream rich in methanol and an aqueous raffinate stream lean in methanol; (b) charging the extracted methanol substantially free of water to said reaction zone under process conditions to convert substantially all methanol to hydrocarbons; (c) cooling reaction effluent to recover aqueous liquid byproduct stream, gas rich in C.sub.2.sup.- hydrocarbons, liquid rich in C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 and C.sub.5.sup.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising oxygenates to product comprising hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising zeolite ZSM-58.

Abstract: Crystalline ferroborosilicate compositions are prepared from a silica containing mixture by digesting a reaction mixture comprising a tetraalkylammonium compound, a sodium hydroxide, a boron compound, an oxide of silicon, an iron ion source, an optional chelating agent and water to provide the crystalline ferroborosilicate which is then palladium ion-exchanged. This composition may be used alone or physically mixed with a methanol catalyst. Conversion of synthesis gas, dimethylether, ethylene and methanol to low molecular hydrocarbons employing these new ferroborosilicates as catalysts is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel crystalline silicate useful as a catalyst for various organic reactions such as polymerization of organic compounds, alkylation, isomerization, disproportionation and the like, which has a chemical composition represented by the general formula in the terms of mole ratios of oxides under dehydrated state,(0.1-2)R.sub.2/n O. [aLa.sub.2 O.sub.3.bCe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ].ySiO.sub.2in which R is at least one mono- or divalent cation, n is the valence of R, M is at least one trivalent transition metal ion and/or aluminum ion, and a+b=1, a.gtoreq.0, b.gtoreq.0, and y.gtoreq.12.

Abstract: An ethanol fermentation process in which an aqueous solution of fermentable sugar is converted by an ethanol-producing microorganism such as a yeast to a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol with the ethanol being present in the solution at a concentration which does not exceed a predetermined maximum level, wherein ethanol present in the solution is selectively sorbed within a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite so that the non-sorbed ethanol present in the solution does not exceed the predetermined maximum level of concentration therein, and thereafter exposing the ethanol-containing zeolite to ethanol conversion conditions to effect conversion of the ethanol to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A new catalyst system for the conversion of short-chain aliphatic alcohols to hydrocarbons having the formula[ML.sub.q ].sub.b.sup.m+ [N].sub.d.sup.n+ [X.sup.p+ Y.sub.a Z.sub.(12-a) O.sub.40 ].sup.-(8-p)wherein:[ML] is an organometallic compound where M is at least one metal selected from Group IIIA, IVA, VA, IB, IIB, IVB, VB, VIA, Fe, Co, and Ni; and L is an organic ligand,N is a positively charged species including a positively charged organic ligand,X is at least one element selected from P, Si, As, Ti, Zr, B, Co, Cu or Sn,Y and Z are independently selected from W, Mo, or V,m+n=[-pq=1-6O<a.ltoreq.12O.ltoreq.d<3b=1 to 3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multistage process for converting lower aliphatic oxygeanated hydrocarbon feedstock to hydrocarbon product rich in benzene, toluene and/or xylene which comprises:contacting said oxygenated hydrocarbons in a primary stage with a medium pore shape selective acidic zeolite to an intermediate hydrocarbon product comprising predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbons;contacting at least a portion of the aliphatic hydrocarbons from the primary stage with a secondary stage catalyst comprising gallium-promoted medium pore shape selective zeolite characterized by a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and a silica to alumina ratio of about 20 to 100:1; thereby producing benzene, toluene and/or xylene.

Abstract: The waxy liquid phase of an oil suspension of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing dissolved wax is separated out and the wax is converted by hydrocracking, dewaxing or by catalytic cracking with a low activity catalyst to provide a highly olefinic product which may be further converted to premium quality gasoline and/or distillate fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for obtaining ethylene from anhydrous or aqueous ethanol by means of a catalyst of the zeolite type containing a silicate of a metal M1 having a valence of 3 and 4 and a tetraedric coordination and containing possibly another charge compensating metal M2 selected among the elements of the Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, VIb, VIIb and VIII groups of the Mendeljev Table. As examples of M2 metals, the alkaline metals, the alkaline-earth metals and the lanthanides may be cited.According to the invention, anhydrous or aqueous ethanol is contacted with a catalyst of the above type, in which the ratio (M1-M2/n)/(Si+M1)(in which II is the valence of said other metal) is at most equal to 1.5%. The temperature of the catalyst and the contact time of ethanol with said catalyst are such that the conversion rate of ethanol into ethylene is about 100% and the carbon selectivity for ethylene is at least equal to about 99% by weight.

Abstract: The ion-exchange capacity and acid catalytic activity of a ZSM-5 type zeolite are increased by treatment of a physical mixture of the zeolite and an inorganic oxide with water in the presence of an alkali metal cation.Specifically, the catalyst is prepared by contacting a mixture of a crystalline zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio above 12 and a Constraint Index between about 1 and about 12, and a solid source of aluminum with liquid water in the presence of an activating amount of an alkali metal cation and under a combination of conditions including a temperature up to about 370.degree. C. for less than about an hour to about 100 hours to induce increased activity to the zeolite.

Abstract: A product comprising hydrocarbons having at least 2 carbon atoms is produced by contacting a monohalomethane at elevated temperature, e.g. 200.degree. to 600.degree. C., with a synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina molar ration of at least 12:1 and containing cations of either hydrogen, copper or a metal capable of forming an amphoteric oxide, which cations are introduced either by exchange and/or by deposition, provided that when the cation is hydrogen the zeolite is Theta-1. At temperatures below 330.degree. C. the product predominantly comprises aliphatic hydrocarbons, of which a substantial proportion is isoalkanes and isoalkenes.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reducing the amount of water in the feed to a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) conversion reactor is described. The output products of a dehydration reactor and an aqueous methanol feed are supplied to a primary distillation tower or separator. A dimethylether (DME)/methanol mixture is taken as overhead from the primary tower and can be sent to the MTG conversion reactor to produce hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range. Bottoms from the primary tower, containing methanol and water, are supplied to a secondary distillation tower or separator. A methanol stream is drawn as overhead from the secondary tower and is passed to an acid catalyzed dehydration reactor where an equilibrium mixture of dimethylether, methanol, and water is produced. The equilibrium mixture is passed from the dehydration reactor to the primary distillation tower. In preferred embodiments, the conversion reactor feed from the primary distillation tower may be of a gaseous or liquid phase.

Abstract: Feedstock comprising oxygenates is converted to product comprising hydrocarbons over catalyst having been prepared by reacting a high-silica zeolite with an acidic inorganic oxide in the presence of water.

Abstract: A feedstock of low molecular weight oxygenates such as methanol and/or dimethylether is contacted with a mildly presteamed or hydro-thermally treated zeolite catalyst in a reaction zone to produce liquid hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range. The pretreated zeolite catalyst has an .alpha.-value (acid cracking activity) substantially the same as the .alpha.-value of fresh unsteamed catalyst and shows increased stability and resistance to aging under oxygenate conversion conditions of elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Aliphatic oxygenates are converted to high octane gasoline by an integrated process wherein three reaction zones are utilized. In a first reaction zone the oxygenates are directly converted to gasoline and an isobutane by-product. In a second reaction zone oxygenates are dehydrated to an intermediate product comprising C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins, which are then further reacted with the isobutane by-product in a third reaction zone to yield a gasoline alkylate. Ethylene-containing vapors may be separated from the second reaction zone and recycled to the first reaction zone for further processing.

Abstract: The crystalline silicophosphoaluminate designated MCM-10 catalyzes various processes for modifying organic compounds, particularly the cracking of hydrocarbons and the conversion of alcohols and ethers to olefins.

Abstract: A monohalomethane is converted to a product comprising hydrocarbons having at least 2 carbon atoms and in particular aliphatic hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range by contact with a synthetic crystalline gallosilicate zeolite loaded either with at least one modifying cation selected from hydrogen and metals of Groups I to VIII of the Periodic Table or with a compound of at least one Group I to VIII metal.