Abstract: Processes are disclosed for recovering n-hexenes from a mixture comprising n-hexenes and at least one branched-chain C.sub.6 olefin isomer by oligomerizing the branched-chain C.sub.6 olefin isomers, but not the n-hexenes, and recovering the n-hexenes from the resulting mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing 1-hexene from 1-butene. The 1-butene is metathesized to produce 3-hexene which is then subjected to, e.g., an hydration/dehydration procedure to produce a mixture of n-hexenes containing 1-hexene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 straight chain .alpha.-olefins from the corresponding internal olefins. The process comprises reacting a C.sub.5 C.sub.18 straight chain olefin reactant with an electrophilic compound containing hydrogen followed by cracking the resulting product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the ethylation of detergent-range olefins to produce higher molecular weight olefins which comprises reacting ethylene with a detergent-range olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alumina having a sodium content per unit surface area of less than about 3.times.10.sup.-5 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalytic method for the dimerization or codimerization or oligomerization, in particular selective, of olefins, carried out under pressure, in a reaction zone 1 containing a solid catalyst bed in which is disposed a plurality of hollow internal spaces 6.3a defined by walls, each being divided into an upper semi-space 6.3, 1a and a lower semi-space 6.3, 2a which communicate together through a connecting zone 6.6a. An autogenous thermoregulation fluid flows, in the form of a sheet, in said hollow internal spaces 6.3a after passing through a central distributing zone 6.1a and distributing zones 6.2a and before passing into collecting zone 6.4a and into a central collecting zone 6.5a.

Abstract: A multistep process is disclosed for the manufacture of synthetic lubricants from the C.sub.8 to C.sub.24 linear olefin components of below liquid fuel value petroleum distillate fractions derived via the high temperature thermal cracking of petroleum residua. Such feeds contain major amounts of 1-n-olefins, n-paraffins and greater than 0.1% concentration of sulfur mostly in the form aromatic, thiophene type sulfur compounds.In the first step of the present process such feeds are enriched in the straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbon components by one or more separation processes, preferably via urea adduction or by crystallization. In the second step, the olefin components are oligomerized to sulfur containing C.sub.30 to C.sub.60 polyolefins, preferably in the presence of BF.sub.3 complex catalysts. In the third step, the polyolefins are hydrogenated to novel isoparaffin lubricants in the presence of sulfur resistant catalysts, preferably transition metal sulfides.

Abstract: The thermal stability of synthetic lubricants composed of alpha-olefin oligomers is improved by reaction with an olefin such as decene or the lower molecular weight, non-lubricant range olefins produced in the course of the oligomerization of 1-alkenes. The alkylation of the lube range oligomer is carried out using acidic alkylation catalyst such as solid, open-pore catalyst, e.g., fluorided alumina.The improved lubricant compositions of the present invention comprise a high viscosity index liquid lubricant oligomer composition containing C.sub.30 -C.sub.1300 hydrocarbons with at least one higher alkyl branch per oligomer molecule, said alkyl branch containing between 12 and 40 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment the novel alkylated lubricant composition has a methyl to methylene branch ratio of less than 0.19 and pour point below -15.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an olefin oligomer, comprising the steps of polymerizing an olefin monomer in the presence of boron trifluoride and a boron trifluoride-alcohol complex as catalysts, to prepare a first oligomerization product, and then carrying out one of following steps (a) to (c): (a) removing boron trifluoride from the above first product by (i) placing the product under a reduced pressure, (ii) blowing an inert gas into the product, or (iii) heating the product at a relatively low temperature, to thereby prepare a second oligomerization product, and then subjecting the second product to a precipitation treatment to separate the boron trifluoride-alcohol complex therefrom, (b) heating the above first product at a relatively elevated temperature to recover boron trifluoride, or (c) centrifuging the above first product to recover the boron trifluoride-alcohol complex. These steps allow the catalysts to be recovered while maintaining the activity thereof at a desired level.

Abstract: A process is described for the gas-phase condensation of natural gas or methane into gasoline-range hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a mixture of methane and acetylene in the presence of a solid superacid catalyst to form isobutene, and (b) converting the isobutene product into gasoline-range hydrocarbons in the presence of a crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalytic method for the dimerization or codimerization or oligomerization, particularly selectively, of olefins, carried out under pressure, in a reaction zone 1 containing a solid catalyst bed into which is disposed a plurality of hollow internal spaces 6.3 defined by walls and through which an autogenous thermoregulation fluid flows, in the form of a sheet, after passing through a central distributing zone 6.1 and distributing zones 6.2 and before passing through collecting zones 6.4 and into a central collecting zone 6.5.

Abstract: Olefins with between 4 and 24 and preferably between 10 and 20 carbon atoms are selectively dimerized by using zeolite catalysts in acid form which are partially exchanged with salts of metals having a valency of two or more.

Abstract: Olefin oligomers having a lower pour point are obtained by forming a mixture of C.sub.8-18 olefins containing 50-90 weight percent .alpha.-olefins and 10-50 weight percent internal olefins and oligomerizing this mixture using a Friedel Crafts catalyst (e.g. BF.sub.3) and a promoter (e.g. n-butanol). The mixture of olefins can be formed from .alpha.-olefins (e.g. 1-decene) by subjecting the .alpha.-olefins to isomerization until 10-50 weight percent of the olefins are internal olefins.

Abstract: A high viscosity index olefin oligomer is made by feeding an olefin monomer near the top of a distillation column, maintaining the overhead temperature near the boiling point of the olefin monomer at system pressure and maintaining the bottom of the column and the reboiler at a temperature just above the boiling point of the highest boiling oligomer that is to be excluded from the product. An oligomerization catalyst (e.g. AlCl.sub.3) is introduced into the column. The catalyst has a boiling point or sublimation temperature which is too low to permit passage out the bottom of the column and too high to cause it to escape out the top of the column.

Abstract: C.sub.8-14 .alpha.-olefins are oligomerized to a oligomer mixture containing a high content of tetramer by feeding the .alpha.-olefin to a reaction vessel at a controlled rate over an extended period and in the presence of BF.sub.3 and a promoter such as an alcohol.

Abstract: A composition comprises a physical mixture of (i) and oxide of molybdenum and/or tungsten supported by a silica-containing material and (ii) a pillared interlayered clay. This composition is used as catalyst in the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monoolefins to C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Synthetic polyethylene wax having low molecular weight of 250 to 3000 and a density of 0.930 to 0.950 is prepared in a high pressure process at pressures of at least 800 bar using a carbonyl compound such as acetaldehyde as chain transfer agent. The resulting wax with incorporated CO has good compatibility in hot melt systems, and may be stripped to remove light ends, increase density and crystallinity and improve thermal stability.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethers from an olefin containing feedstock. The process includes two-stages for the production of ethers which comprises, in a first stage, isomerizing an olefin containing feedstock over a thermally stable layered metal oxide type catalyst having interspathic polymeric silica between the layers so as to produce iso-olefins and then, in a second stage, reacting the resultant iso-olefins with alcohols in the presence of an etherification catalyst so as to produce ethers from the iso-olegins.

Abstract: A process for the catalyzed oligomerization of ethylene to a product rich in linear C.sub.4 olefins using a catalyst composition made by incorporating a major amount of HAMS-1B crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve composited in an inorganic matrix or an amorphous, silica-alumina support with minor amounts of a nickel compound and a zinc compound and calcining the result to form a composite containing supported zinc and nickel oxides.

Abstract: A process for the trimerization of an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and mixtures thereof comprising passing the olefin and carbon dioxide in contact with a catalyst comprising the reaction product of (i) a chromium compound, which will provide active catalytic species under trimerization conditions, and (ii) a hydrocarbyl aluminum hydrolyzed with about 0.7 to about 1.1 moles of water per mole of aluminum compound wherein the aluminum to chromium mole ratio is in the range of up to about 200 to one and the mole ratio of olefin to carbon dioxide is in the range of about 4 to about 3000 moles of olefin per mole of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The catalyzed oxidative coupling of a lower molecular weight alkane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons which are then oligomerized to form aromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed.

Abstract: Amorphous, substantially spherical silica particles obtained by acidic hydrolysis of substantially spherical synthetic crystalline calcium silicates having a size of from 20 to 120 microns are coated with a layer comprising silica and alumina. The silica particles obtained may be directly employed as catalysts for the oligomerization of olefins and, having been loaded with platinum, as hydrocracking catalysts.

Abstract: An oligomerization process is provided for upgrading lower olefins to distillate hydrocarbons, especially useful as high quality jet or diesel fuels. The olefinic feedstock is reacted over a shape selective acid zeolite, such as ZSM-5, to oligomerize feedstock olefins and further convert recycled hydrocarbons. Reactor effluent is fractionated to recover a light-middle distillate range product stream and to obtain gasoline and heavy hydrocarbon streams for recycle.

Abstract: Synthetic polyethylene wax having low molecular weight of 250 to 3000 and a density of 0.930 to 0.950 is prepared in a high pressure process at pressures of at least 800 bar using a carbonyl compound such as acetaldehyde as chain transfer agent. The resulting wax with incorporated CO has good compatibility in hot melt systems, and may be stripped to remove light ends, increase density and crystallinity and improve thermal stability.

Abstract: The dimerization of acrylate esters and of ethene and the codimerization of acrylate esters with C.sub.2-4 -alkenes or 1,3-butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene with ethene in the presence of:(a) a Pd and/or Ru compound,(b) a compound containing one trivalent N or P atom, and(c) an Ag and/or Cu salt,yields at an increased reaction rate dimers of high linearity, when a quinone is also present.

Abstract: The conversion is increased in the preparation of polyisobutylene by polymerization of isobutylene in a polymerization zone at from 0.degree. to -130.degree. C. in the presence of from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of a boron trifluoride catalyst, from 0.001 to 1.0% by weight of a molecular weight regulator and from 30 to 90% by weight of a low-boiling solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, by a process in which the content of but-1-ene in the monomeric isobutylene is kept constant at from 1.9 to 2.1, in particular 2.0, % by weight.

Abstract: Low molecular weight copolymers comprised of ethylene, an alphaolefin and (optionally) a nonconjugated polyene, which copolymers have a viscosity index of at least about 75 and vinylidene-type unsaturation, possess unexpected advantages as intermediates in epoxy-grafted electrical encapsulation compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process which is adapted for cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 under Diels-Alder conditions in the presence of a copper-containing ZSM-12.

Abstract: Olefin polymerization catalysts are described which are based on solid inorganic oxides (such as silica) and polychromium complexes (such as octakis(.mu.-trimethylsilylmethyl) tetrachromium(II)). Linear low density ethylene homopolymers with specific short chain branching as well as polymerization processes to make these polymers using the specific catalyst described are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved heterogeneous catalyst effective to catalyze the oligomerization of ethylene is formed be depositing a bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Ni(O) compound onto an omega zeolite or type Y zeolite support. The catalyst is used to oligomerize olefins. The catalyst is particularly effective in terms of selectivity and reactivity in catalyzing the formation of 1-butene from ethylene.

Abstract: An improved heterogeneous catalyst effective to catalyze the oligomerization of ethylene is formed by hydrogenating bis(.eta..sup.5 -cyclopentadienyl) nickel (nickelocene) onto an omega zeolite support in the presence of a small, but effective amount of a promoter. The promoters are oxides of nickel, iron or copper and mixtures thereof. The catalyst is particularly effective in terms of selectivity and reactivity in catalyzing the formation of 1-butene from ethylene.

Abstract: The process for the interconversion of "small olefins" selected from the class consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes and mixtures thereof comprising contacting said small olefin(s) with non-zeolitic molecular sieves.

Abstract: The process for the oligomerization of linear and/or branched chain C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 olefins with non-zeolitic molecular sieves having a framework structure of MO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedra and having an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formulamR:(M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the moles of "R" present per mole of (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2, "M" represents silicon, iron, titanium or at least one of magnesium, manganese, cobalt and zinc such being present in the form of a tetrahedral oxide; "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of "M", aluminum and phosphorous, respectively.

Abstract: This invention relates to acid catalysis of organic compound feedstock, e.g. conversion of olefins and/or paraffins to higher hydrocarbons, over catalyst material treated in a special way for increasing the acid catalytic activity thereof. In particular, a novel catalyst activation process is followed to enhance the alpha value of high-silica zeolite catalyst by contact with an ammoniacal solution of an alkali metal aluminate under appropriate conditions of time, temperature and pH.

Abstract: Substitution of aluminum or gallium for boron or iron contained in the framework of a high silica content zeolite is effected by treating the zeolite in liquid water in the presence of a compound of aluminum or gallium. Catalyst comprising the treated zeolite is used for conducting acid-catalyzed reactions of organic compounds, e.g. olefin/paraffin conversion.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dimerization products from aliphatic mono-olefins having 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in which the aliphatic mono-olefin is contacted with a catalytic system formed by combining a palladium and/or ruthenium compound and an acid with a pKa of less than 2, except hydrohalogenic acids in an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalysts, method for the preparation thereof, and dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst supports consist essentially of potassium carbonate with a crush strength of at least 5 pounds and at least one carbonaceous compound. Catalysts consist essentially of at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the novel catalyst supports. Optionally, the catalysts further consist essentially of at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of elemental copper, elemental cobalt, and finely divided stainless steel.

Abstract: Propylene contained in mixed C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 streams containing at least 5 wt. % isobutene, for example, catalytic cracker offgas, may be recovered as a useful gasoline component by oligomerizing the propylene in liquid phase at 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. at LHSV 2 to 5 in the presence of an acidic cation exchange resin whereby the oligomers produced are primary C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 mono olefins.

Abstract: Propylene contained in mixed C.sub.3 /C.sub.4 streams containing at least 5 wt. % isobutene, for example, catalytic cracker offgas, may be recovered as a useful gasoline component by reacting in the presence of methanol to etherify and oligomerize the propylene in liquid phase at 80.degree. to 130.degree. C. at LHSV 2 to 5 in the presence of an acidic cation exchange resin whereby the product contains oligomers which are primary C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 mono olefins, methyl isopropyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether and unreacted material, by maintaining a residual of methanol in the product stream of 0.03 to 0.9 wt. % based on the product stream.

Abstract: Certain benzylic and allylic compounds are catalytically oxidatively dehydrodimerized wherein the molecular oxygen oxidant is separated from the substrate by a gas impervious catalyst membrane that conducts oxide ions from the surface of the catalyst membrane wall to the opposite surface thereof which is in contact with the substrate.

Abstract: Polyisobutylene is prepared from a mixed C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feedstream using an AlCl.sub.3 --HCl catalyst system wherein the HCl is introduced separately into the feedstream to form organochloride in the feedstream. Polymer product having a very narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained over the Mn range of 700 to 3,000. Dispersants derived from this polyisobutylene exhibit substantially improved performance in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: Conversions of over 80 mole % of n-butenes to oligomers can be obtained with less than 15 mole % C.sub.12 or higher oligomers by passing a predominantly C.sub.4 stream containing at least 40 mole % n-butenes through an acidic cation exchange resin at LHSV 2 to 5 at temperatures in the range of 80.degree. C. to 130.degree. C., in liquid phase by cofeeding from 1 to 5 weight %, based on the C.sub.4 stream, of methyl tertiary butyl ether, secondary butyl methyl ether, toluene or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of pre-conditioning the walls of an olefin dimerization reactor and starting a dimerization process comprises sequential steps of introducing a first soluble homogeneous catalyst component comprising, e.g. a complex of a divalent metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron, and a second soluble homogeneous catalyst component comprising, e.g. an organoaluminum compound, at rates such that the molar catalyst feed ratio of said aluminum to said divalent metal is maintained at a first value during the pre-conditioning and startup period and at a second, higher, value during the operating period.

Abstract: An improved process for the conversion of ethylene to its linear alpha-olefin oligomers by contact with a catalytic nickel complex dissolved in a polar organic solvent. The improvement relates to the use as solvent in such a process of a mixture of certain monohydric and dihydric alcohols in specified proportions. Practice of the invention provides enhanced rate of ethylene oligomerization and/or modification of the carbon number distribution of the product oligomer mixture.

Abstract: A process for the pure oligomerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenes over low hydrogen transfer activity molecular sieves is disclosed.

Abstract: A soluble polyene polymer and a method of making the same are disclosed. The polymer is of the class suitable for doping to produce an electrically conductive polymer. The method is generally applicable to acetylenic and aromatic monomers, proven examples of which include acetylene, benzene, anthracene and napthalene. In accordance with the method, the monomer is dissolved in arsenic trifluoride. Arsenic pentafluoride is then introduced into the solution to induce polymerization by what is speculated to be an ionic polymerization reaction. The resulting polymer differs from other polyene polymers in that it is soluble in common organic solvents, and further in that it can be melted without undergoing decomposition, thereby rendering it particularly suitable for processing to form various polymeric articles.

Abstract: Butene-1 and ethylene mixtures are made by reacting ethylene with a trialkyl aluminum in a boiling bed reactor. The process is more efficient in that it is selective for making butene-1 and more butene-1 is produced per unit weight of the trialkyl aluminum.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and normal butene, and polymerizing at least a portion thereof to produce isobutene/n-butene codimer, which comprieses feeding at least 80 weight % of either the isobutene or n-butene to a catalytic distillation reactor containing a fixed bed acidic cation exchange resin catalyst packing which provides both the catalyst sites and distillation sites for the reaction products, isomerizing a portion of the isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and n-butene and reacting at least a portion of the isobutene and n-butene to form codimer of isobutene and n-butene, whereby an overhead fraction containing any unreacted isobutene and n-butene and a bottoms fraction containing codimer is produced. The result of the reaction is substantially the same regardless whether the feed is isobutene or n-butene. Other aspects of the invention, include combinations of procedures to produce high purity isobutene and n-butene.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby the dimer fraction obtained from a boron trifluoride catalyzed oligomerization process is reacted with an .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a phosphoric acid-modified boron trifluoride catalyst to produce higher oligomeric products typically having viscosities (210.degree. F.) in the 4 to 8 centistoke range.

Abstract: A process is provided for oligomerizing alpha-olefins comprising contacting in a reaction zone under reaction conditions: (a) alpha-olefins having at least three carbon atoms; (b) an aluminum compound having the formula R.sub.3 Al, wherein R is an hydrocarbyl group and (c) a cocatalyst which is hydrocarbyl halide having at least one halogen group reactive with said aluminum compound, elemental bromine or elemental iodine.

Abstract: Fuel range liquid hydrocarbons are produced by the oligomerization of olefins in a process comprising contacting the olefins containing 5 or less carbon atoms with a water containing medium at a temperature sufficient to cause oligomerization and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the density of the medium at about 0.5 to about 1.0 grams per milliliter.