Abstract: 1-pentene dimers of .alpha.-methylstyrenes are produced with high selectivity in good productivity by stirring 50 to 95 parts by weight of an .alpha.-methylstyrene in the presence of 50 to 5 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of a sulfonic acid, and a 1-pentene dimer having good preservative property is then collected by removing the sulfonic acid, adjusting the resulting reaction solution to pH 8 or higher and distilling the neutralized reaction solution.

Abstract: A new class of olefin dimerization catalysts and an efficient method for their preparation is disclosed. B(C.sub.6 F.sub.5).sub.3 reacts quantitatively with Group 4 metallocene type catalysts to yield highly reactive cationic complexes as follows:(L.sub.2 MR.sup.2).sup.+ X.sup.- whereL=R.sub.2 (C.sub.5 H.sub.3); R=a C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 tert-alkyl group; R.sup.2 =a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group, HM=Ti, Zr, Hf;X.sup.- =RB(C.sub.5 F.sub.3).sup.-.sub.3, or methylalumoxane, where R"=a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group, H.These complexes are potent catalysts and may be used in the dimerization of .alpha.-olefins.

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary and/or secondary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A composition comprising a copper(I) impregnated aluminosilicate zeolite wherein the zeolite is selected from faujasites, L and .OMEGA., and wherein the zeolite has a silica to bulk alumina molar ratio between about 12 and about 50 and a silica to framework alumina molar ratio of at least about 15. The catalyst preparation involves in the following order: drying the selected zeolite, impregnating the dried zeolite with a copper(II) salt, calcining the copper(II)-impregnated zeolite, and reducing the copper(II) to copper(I). The composition is useful as a catalyst for the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethene to a product rich in isobutylene comprising contacting a feedstock comprising ethene under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a porous crystalline silicate having the structure of ZSM-35 zeolite whose surface has been at least partially deactivated for acid catalyzed reactions by a) coking or b) chemisorption of a surface-deactivating agent, e.g., collidine, which possesses an average cross section diameter greater than that of the zeolite pores.

Abstract: A method for producing 3-methyl-2-pentene which is substantially free of any other C.sub.6 olefin, except 2-ethyl-1-butene, by first producing a stream that contains 2-ethyl-1-butene from the trimerization of ethylene, and second by recovering the 2-ethyl-1-butene as 3-methyl-2-pentene via etherification, separation of the ether, and decomposition of the ether back to predominantly 3-methyl-2-pentene with some 2-ethyl-1-butene.

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous catalytic oligomerization of norbornene comprising the steps of reacting norborene in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Constraint Index of from about 0.1 to about 12 under oligomerization conditions to evolve a product containing norbornene oligomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and its use in a process for the conversion of ethene to a product rich in linear butenes, especially 2-butene, comprising contacting a feedstock comprising ethene under dimerization conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a porous crystalline silicate having the structure of ZSM-35 which has been treated by a) fluoriding, e.g., with NH.sub.4 F, and then b) at least partially surface deactivated for acid catalyzed reactions by chemisorption of a surface-deactivating agent which possesses an average cross section diameter greater than that of the zeolite pores, e.g., collidine.

Abstract: Hexenes are produced when propylene is catalytically converted under moderate conditions over chosen small pore zeolite catalysts having small 10-membered ring openings. These chosen catalysts are ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, and ZSM-48. They are unexpectedly effective to dimerize a substantially ethylene-free propylene-rich stream to form mainly hexene isomers, a major portion of which isomers are tert-isohexenes, without making a substantial amount of trimer or other byproducts. The feed is preferably at least 60% by weight, the remainder being alkanes, mainly propane, and the olefins being limited to less than 5 mol % ethylene and less than 5 mol %, preferably less than 2 mol %, of C.sub.4.sup.=+ (mainly butenes). Because propane in the feed is essentially unaffected, plural reactors in series may be used to avoid recycling unreacted propylene with propane to the dimerization reactor.

Abstract: An oligomer is made by contacting a straight-chain, .alpha.-olefinic monomer with boron trifluoride and a hydroxy carbonyl promoter. The hydroxy carbonyl is preferably a .beta.-hydroxy-ketone, such as 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. A second promoter can be used in conjunction with the boron trifluoride and the hydroxy carbonyl promoter. Possible secondary promoters include aldehydes, alcohols, alcohol alkoxylates, carboxylic acids, ethers, ketones, and their mixtures. Preferably the oligomer product has a kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of less than 1.7 cSt; has a dimer to trimer and higher oligomer ratio of at least 1:1; and is at least 90 wt. % dimer and trimer of the monomer.

Abstract: A catalyst system composition and a process to prepare a catalyst composition comprising a cobalt compound, a metal alkyl and a coordinating compound is provided. The resultant catalyst system composition can be used to dimerize ethylene with high productivity to butenes and high selectivity to 1-butene.

Abstract: A process for making an .alpha.-olefin oligomer comprises contacting a C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefin monomer with a catalyst which includes boron trifluoride, a protic promotor and a polyether.

Abstract: A flegmatizer, which is an oligomer of styrene or of styrene and at least one comonomer, is admixed with an organic peroxide to reduce the heat- and/or shock-sensitivity of the peroxide. The resulting composition can be employed to polymerize olefinic monomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the metathesis of olefins which comprises reacting an olefin of the formula YCZ.dbd.CZ--(CX.sub.2).sub.n R.sup.2 (II) whereinn is an integer from 1 to 28,X represents H or F,Y represents H or alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms andZ represents H or a non-aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 represents H, alkyl, halogen, COOR.sup.3 or OR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent alkyl having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or contains from 1 to 3 substituents or wherein R.sup.4 is trialkylsilyl R.sup.5 Si, wherein R.sup.5 represents alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at a catalyst comprising an oxidic carrier charged with a rhenium compound as defined hereinbefore.

Abstract: A process for the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadienes to 4-vinylcyclohexenes. The process involves contacting butadiene with a copper (I)-aluminosilicate zeolite prepared by (a) an impregnation method, or (b) heating a solid mixture of a copper salt and the zeolite, or (c) contacting vapors of a copper salt with the zeolite. The catalysts exhibit long life and good activity in the claimed process. The impregnated Cu(I)-catalyst is claimed.

Abstract: Oligomers are produced from unsaturated monomers. They contain terminal unsaturation and have a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 200. These oligomers are produced by the free radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers using as an initiator and/or chain transfer agent in the process a transition metal complex comprising a metal cation and at least one chelating agent, said transition metal complex being generally in accordance with formula (I), wherein M is a transition metal ion which can form hexa- or penta-coordinated structures and, when complexed in this manner, has two or more readily interconverted adjacent valence states, R is hydrogen or an organic group or a transition metal complex derived form formula (I) and L is a ligand or controlling the stability and electron transfer properties of the transition metal complex and consists of an electron pair donor (Lewis base) capable of coordination with the metal ion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for carrying out the selective dimerization of isobutene in order to produce alpha- and beta-di-isobutene dimer.sub.3, according to which process an isobutene stream is brought into contact, under dimerization conditions, with a solid silica gel/alumina catalyst which is amorphous when analyzed by X-ray diffraction, displays a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 comprised within the range of from 30:1 to 500:1, has a surface-area comprised within the range of from 500 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a porosity of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g and an average pore diameter of approximately 10 .ANG. (.ANG.ngstrom), and is free from pores with a larger diameter than 30 .ANG..

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising nickel supported on a pillared (e.g., silica pillared) vacancy titanate material. There is also provided a method for preparing this catalyst. This method may involve impregnating a pillared vacancy titanate material with a nickel nitrate solution. There is further provided a process for oligomerizing ethylene using this catalyst.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a liquid polymer using a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing highly reactive polyisobutenes with a content of terminal vinylidene groups of more than 80 mol % and an average molecular weight of 500-5000 Dalton by the cationic polymerization of isobutene or isobutene-containing hydrocarbon feeds in liquid phase with the aid of boron trifluoride as catalyst and at from 0.degree. C. to -60.degree. C., comprises polymerizing in the presence of secondary alcohols with 3-20 carbon atoms and/or ethers with 2-20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A synthetic oil is made by a process comprising (a) isomerizing at least a portion of a vinylidene olefin feed to form an intermediate which contains tri-substituted olefin and (b) reacting said intermediate and at least one vinyl olefin in the presence of a catalyst to form a synthetic oil which comprises a co-dimer of said vinylidene olefin and said vinyl olefin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of olefins of the general formula (CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 in which formula R is a hydrocarbyl group and p is an integer of at least 1, comprising reacting ethene with at least one additional alpha olefin of the general formula R--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 under oligomerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a first component which is a bis(cyclopentadienyl) Group IVA metal compound containing a substituent which is attached to the metal and which is capable of reacting with a cation, and a second component which is a compound having a bulky anion containing a plurality of boron atoms and which is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and a cation, and recovering an oligomeric product comprising linear olefins of the general formula R--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.dbd.CH.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing synthetic lubricant base stocks having a high dimer to trimer ratio from long-chain olefins. These synthetic lubricant base stocks are prepared in good yield by dimerizing linear olefins using a catalyst comprising a silica gel alkylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: Heat transfer, lubricating, functional and/or insulating fluid compositions for use in apparatus such as electrical transformers contain up to 25 weight percent of one or more oil additives and a 1-octene and/or 1-decene dimer and/or a 1-octene and 1-decene co-dimer oil having improved low temperature properties which oil contains less than about 2.5 weight percent of, respectively, the 7-methylpentadecene, 9-methylnonadecene and, 7- and 9-methylheptadecene isomers. The dimers can be hydrogenated to provide the saturated counterparts of the isomers.

Abstract: A normal 1-alkene containing 3-8 carbons is dimerized in the presence of a supported alkali metal as a catalyst and about 10-100 mol %, based on the amount of alkali metal catalyst, of an oxide of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and/or cesium as a co-catalyst. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the alkene is propene, the alkali metal is potassium or a potassium alloy, and the co-catalyst is sodium oxide.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are extruded from a thick paste of potassium carbonate and water catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the co-dimerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer (e.g. styrene) with an .alpha.-monoolefin monomer (e.g. ethylene, propylene or 1-butylene), using a catalyst composition comprising palladium, an anion of a strong acid and an aliphatic diphosphine.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organocobalt(II) or organocobalt(III) compound and a borohydride compound in a solvent to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 1-butene. A phosphine compound can additionally be provided in the solvent with an organocobalt(III) compound to enhance selectivity to 1-butene.

Abstract: This invention deals with viscosity improvers which are obtained through the use of a mixed catalyst system comprising a primary and/or secondary organo halide and a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting a hydrocarbyl lithium with an alkali metal hydrocarbyloxide in the presence of propylene. Optionally, a catalytic support is used during said contacting. Optionally, at least one other alpha-olefin is present during said contacting.In another embodiment a process is provided comprising: (a) contacting a hydrocarbyl lithium with an alkali metal hydrocarbyloxide in the presence of propylene; and thereafter (b) recovering an allyl alkali metal compound; and thereafter (c) contacting said allyl alkali metal compound with at least one alpha-olefin. Optionally, a catalytic support is also used during steps a, b, and c.

Abstract: A synthetic oil composition comprises a major portion by weight of synthetic base oil having a kinetic viscosity of from about 1.5 to 2.5 cSt at 100.degree. C. and a minor portion by weight of one or more property enhancing additives for said base oil, said base oil comprising a major portion by weight of dimer of 1-decene, said dimer having a kinetic viscosity of less than about 250 cSt at -40.degree. C., a kinetic viscosity of less than about 1,000 cSt at -54.degree. C. and a pour point of less than about -65.degree. C.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: Olefin oligomers are prepared by polymerizing one or a mixture of olefins, each of which has about 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst prepared by reacting in an organic solvent an aluminum halide and from about 0.01 to 0.99 mole per mole of aluminum halide of a proton donor.

Abstract: A process for the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadienes to 4-vinylcyclohexenes comprising contacting a butadiene in the presence of a promoting amount of a hydroxylic solvent with a catalyst containing copper(I) ions supported on a carrier. A second process for the cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadienes to 4-vinylcyclohexenes comprising contacting a butadiene with a catalytic amount of a copper(I)-impregnated aluminosilicate zeolite characterized by a bulk SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio in the range from about 5 to about 50 and a framework SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of at least about 15. A catalyst composition comprising a copper(I)-impregnated zeolite of specified bulk and framework silica to alumina molar ratios and specified water content. The catalyst exhibits high activity and long lifetime in the aforementioned dimerization processes and is easily regenerated.

Abstract: A 1-octene and/or 1-decene dimer and/or 1-octene/1-decene co-dimer product composition having improved low temperature properties contains less than about 2.5 weight percent of, respectively, the 7-methylpentadecene, 9-methylnonadecene isomers, or 7- and 9-methylheptadecene isomers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to method of making a thermally and oxidatively stable lubricating oil having a high viscosity index and a low pour point by the thermal polymerization of 1-olefins containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, the preferred 1-olefins are 1-decanes. The polymerization is conducted at temperatures ranging from 280.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. and low pressures, of less than about 280 psig, in a reactor which is free of catalytic material. Thereafter, the polyalphaolefin is hydrotreated over a nickel catalyst, preferably nickel on Kieselguhr. In an improved process the polyalphaolefin is separated from a low molecular weight product by distillation. The low molecular product contains unreacted 1-olefins which are recycled to the thermal polymerization zone to produce more of the lubricant base stock.

Abstract: Heat transfer, lubricating, functional and/or insulating fluid compositions for use in apparatus such as electrical transformers contain up to 25 weight percent of one or more oil additives and a 1-octene and/or 1-decene dimer and/or a 1-octene and 1-decene co-dimer oil having improved low temperature properties which oil contains less than about 2.5 weight percent of, respectively, the 7-methylpentadecene, 9-methylnonadecene and, 7- and 9-methylheptadecene isomers. The dimers can be hydrogenated to provide the saturated counterparts of the isomers.

Abstract: An ethylene dimerization process is provided wherein ethylene is contacted with an organonickel(II) compound, a phosphite compound and an alkylaluminum compound in a solvent to produce a precursor reaction mixture, followed by contacting ethylene with the precursor reaction mixture and a fluorinated organoacid to produce a product reaction mixture comprising a C.sub.4 fraction of predominantly 2-butenes.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises: (a) contacting at least one olefinic compound with an alkali metal/alkali metal carbonate catalyst system at a temperature below the dimerization temperature range of the dimerization reaction; followed by (b) heating said olefin compound and said alkali metal carbonate catalyst system to a temperature in said dimerization temperature range.

Abstract: Catalyst systems containing a catalyst and catalyst support are presented. The catalyst comprises elemental alkali metal and a metal oxide where the metal in the oxide comes from the lanthanide series. Optionally, a promoter is included in the catalyst. The catalyst support comprises an alkali metal carbonate with optionally a carbonaceous compound. This catalyst system can be used to reduce isomerization losses associated with the production of higher alpha-olefins from lower alpha-olefins.

Abstract: Catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, and olefin dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst systems comprise at least one alkali metal hydroxide supported on a low-sodium, type Y zeolite.

Abstract: A solid, acid catalyst, supported or unsupported, comprised of an anion modified Group IVB oxide is used to dimerize C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 containing feedstreams.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid composition with an ionic character resulting from the contacting of at least one alkylaluminum dihalide with at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide, said composition being liquid below 80.degree. C., for example, between -70.degree. and +40.degree. C., is useful as a solvent of catalysts for the dimerization, codimerization and oligomerization of olefins.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing functionalized linear olefins by dimerizing terminal olefins in the presence of a cationic rhodium compound. Novel rhodium compounds useful in this process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Vinylidene olefin is removed from an olefin mixture containing about 1 to 55 mole percent vinylidene olefin, 0 to 20 mole percent internal olefin, and the balance vinyl olefin, by:(A) reacting the olefin mixture in the presence of a BF.sub.3 -water and/or organic promoter catalyst system so as to selectively dimerize said vinylidene olefin, and(B) separating said vinyl olefin and internal olefin from the dimerized vinylidene olefin to produce an olefin product having a reduced vinylidene olefin content compared to said olefin mixture.

Abstract: Propane is dimerized to 2,3-dimethylbutane with barium peroxide oxidizer.

Abstract: A process for making an .alpha.-olefin oligomer comprises contacting an .alpha.-olefin monomer containing from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride and an alcohol alkoxylate so as to form an oligomer product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing n-hexenes and high octane blending components from a mixture of C.sub.6 olefin isomers. Also disclosed is a process for preparing 1-hexene from a mixture of C.sub.6 olefin isomers which provides high octane blending components as a by-product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 straight chain .alpha.-olefins from the corresponding internal olefins. The process comprises reacting a C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 straight chain olefin reactant with an electrophilic compound containing hydrogen followed by selectively cracking the resulting product.