Abstract: It has been discovered that the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compounds, such as styrene, may be inhibited by the addition of a composition that contains a hindered hydroxylamine, and, optionally, a synergist together with the hindered hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Diesel engine cylinder oils of improved cleanliness and load carrying ability and reduced port deposit characteristics for use in marine and stationary slow speed diesel engines are based on medium heavy Group I or Group II neutral base oils, typically from 300 to 500 SUS using a liquid, oil-miscible polyisobutylene (PIB) in combination with the neutral base stock and an additive package comprising a detergent component or components, an antioxidant, an antiwear agent, and a dispersant. The detergent component preferably comprises one or more overbased phenates, phenylates, salicylates or sulfonates in order to confer the desired alkalinity characteristics on the finished oil. The oils are produced in the viscosity range of 15 to 25 cS (100° C.), usually with a nominal viscosity of 20 or 24 cS, i.e., from 18.5 to 21.9 cS or 21.9 to 26.1 cS (100° C.). The viscosity index of the improved oils is at least 95, typically from 105 to 120. Total Base Number of the oils is in the range 40 to 100.

Abstract: Industrial plant streams and processes that contain reactive light olefins such as isoprene and butadiene are plagued with fouling problems due to premature polymerization resulting in significant economic loss. A combination of phenylenediamines with nitroxides is found to be synergistic in its ability to prevent this premature polymerization of reactive light olefins.

Abstract: The rubber mixtures according to the invention consisting of a rubber, a filler and a specific sulphurized mineral oil are suitable for producing shaped vulcanizates, in particular for producing tires with reduced rolling resistance and high resistance to wet skidding, and tires with particularly reinforced side walls (“run flat tires”).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of an inhibitor having the structural formula: wherein R1 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and heteroatom-substituted alkyl and R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and heteroatom-substituted alkyl and the  portion represents the atoms necessary to form a five-, six-, or seven-membered heterocyclic ring, at least one of said atoms being a carbon atom substituted with a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group.

Abstract: It has been discovered that the polymerization of diene compounds, such as isoprene, may be inhibited by the addition of a composition that contains a at least one phenylenediamine, at least one sterically hindered phenol, and at least one hydroxylamine. This three-component composition exhibits synergistically improved results over the use of the components individually or in paired combinations. In one preferred embodiment, the polymerization inhibiting composition includes phenylenediamine (PDA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and N,N′-diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA).

Abstract: An efficient method is proposed for the stabilization of a sex pheromone compound of insect pest, which is a long-chain aliphatic unsaturated ester, alcohol, ketone or hydrocarbon compound having at least ten carbon atoms and at least one double bond in a molecule, used in pest control. The method comprises admixing the compound with 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and an antioxidant which is preferably a hydroquinone compound such as tert-butyl hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone and 2,5-di-tert-amyl hydroquinone.

Abstract: An additive for enhancing the performance of industrial pigments. The additive improves dispersibility and is the reaction product of an amine, a fatty amine, and a polybasic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vinyl aromatic, especially styrene, polymerization inhibitor system comprising an N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine compound and optionally an aryl-substituted phenylenediamine.

Abstract: Substance mixtures comprising (A) vinyl-containing compounds, (B) an active amount of a mixture inhibiting the premature polymerization of the vinyl-containing compounds, comprising (i) at least one N-oxyl compound of a secondary amine which carries no hydrogen atoms on the &agr;-C atoms, and (ii) at least one iron compound, (C) if appropriate nitro compounds, and (D) if appropriate costabilizers, a process for inhibiting the premature polymerization of vinyl-containing compounds (A) and the use of mixture (B), if appropriate as a mixture with nitro compounds (C) and/or costabilizers (D), for inhibiting the premature polymerization of free radical polymerizable compounds and for stabilizing organic materials against the damaging action of free radicals.

Abstract: A composition is provided herein for preventing or retarding the formation of gas hydrates or for reducing the tendency of gas hydrates to agglomerate, during the transport of a fluid comprising water and a hydrocarbon, through a conduit. The composition is a homopolymer of vinyl caprolactam having the low molecular weight in the range of 500 to 2500, or copolymers or terpolymers thereof, and a polyoxyalkylenediamine or a polyoxyarylenediamine. Such homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers, preferably are made and applied in the defined solvent, which, most preferably, is a glycol ether such as 2-butoxyethanol.

Abstract: Mixtures contain(A) vinyl-containing monomers, and(B) an effective amount of a mixture inhibiting the premature polymerization of the vinyl-containing monomers during the purification or distillation and containing(i) from 0.05 to 4.5% by weight, based on the total mixture (B), of at least one N-oxyl compound of a secondary amine which carries no hydrogen atoms on the .alpha.-carbon atoms and(ii)from 99.95 to 95.5% by weight, based on the total mixture (B), of at least one nitro compound,and a mixture (B) is used for inhibiting the premature polymerization of monomers.

Abstract: When a nitroxyl compound is heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere with a vinyl aromatic monomer at 50-140.degree. C. for up to 60 days, it forms an activated inhibitor mixture which is superior to the nitroxyl compound itself in preventing the premature polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer during its processing and purification.

Abstract: A stabilized, concentrated solution of a diazo dye is prepared by coupling diazotized aniline or substituted aniline with a dialkylaniline in the presence of an aromatic solvent. After removal of the aqueous phase, the solution is stabilized by the addition of a branched chain, primary or secondary, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkyl phenol.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for the machining of metal by spark erosion which contains saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with a proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons which is lower than one percent in weight and to which an additive is added, wherein organic substances from the group of anthraquinone derivatives are added as the additive in a concentration of maximally one percent in weight.

Abstract: Synergistic composition and method of use are disclosed. The compositions comprise a quinone methide derivative and a hydroxylamine compound. These compositions demonstrate synergism at inhibiting the polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer. Preferably the quinone methide derivative is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-benzylidene-cyclo-2,5-dienone and the hydroxylamine compound is N,N-bis(hydroxypropyl)hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Process technology is described making possible substantial improvements in the separation and recovery of highly pure vinyl aromatic monomers, notably styrene. A number of design, construction and operational features are made available for selection and use both for new plant facilities and for upgrading existing plant facilities. One major aspect of the invention is reduction in retention or residence times in the distillation towers.

Abstract: This invention relates to easily conveyable and easily meterable mixtures having high stability in storage, containing aromatic mineral oils and phenylenediamines, the content of phenylenediamines in the mixture being 1 to 99 wt. %. The mixtures of mineral oils and phenylenediamines according to the invention are used in the production of rubbers and rubber articles.

Abstract: Inhibition performance is improved in styrene processing through the addition of a stable nitroxide free radical compound to the styrene feed and to the reflux of at least one column.

Abstract: The polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene is inhibited by the addition of a composition of a stable hindered nitroxyl radical and an oxime compound.

Abstract: The polymerization of a vinylaromatic or vinylaliphatic compound at elevated temperature in the absence of air is inhibited by processing the vinylaromatic or vinylaliphatic compound in the presence of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl or 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxylalone or in admixture with p-nitrosophenol or 2-methyl-4-nitrosophenol.

Abstract: Applicants have developed a process for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compound during the distillation of the vinyl aromatic compounds. The process involves adding to the vinyl aromatic compound, e.g., styrene, a nitroso compound such as N-nitroso-N, N'-di-3-pentyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to substituted tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or alkyl aryl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic, or substituted derivative thereof, R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 can additionally be --OH or --NR.sup.8 wherein R.sup.8 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic, or substituted derivative thereof, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together can be .dbd.O or .dbd.NOH, and any two R groups on the same or adjacent carbon atoms can be joined in a cyclic configuration, and X is oxyl or hydroxy, it being provided that at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 and at least one of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are other than hydrogen.

Abstract: A process is described for retarding or inhibiting the growth and/or aggregation of hydrates in production effluents comprising water and a gas under thermodynamic conditions in which hydrates can form, characterized in that a low concentration (0.05% to 5% by weight with respect to the water) of water-soluble copolymer containing hydrophobic groups is incorporated into the effluent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for inhibiting or retarding hydrate formation, growth and/or agglomeration in a fluid comprising water and gases, by addition of a hydrosoluble copolymer which does not contain a heterocycle but contains at least one sulphonate group.The copolymer is generally introduced at a concentration of 0.05% to 5% by weight with respect to the quantity of water in the medium.The copolymer can also be mixed with an alcohol (monoalcohol or polyol). In this case, the proportions are generally 0.5% to 20% by weight of alcohol with respect to the water content, for 0.05% to 3% by weight of copolymer with respect to the quantity of water content of the medium.

Abstract: The polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer such as styrene is inhibited by the addition of a composition of a benzoquinone derivative and a hydroxylamine compound.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid for the machining of metal by spark erosion which contains saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons with a proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons which is lower than one percent in weight and to which an additive is added, wherein organic substances from the group of anthraquinone derivatives are added as the additive in a concentration of maximally one percent in weight.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatics such as styrene with a mixture of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine and carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, in the presence of air or oxygen. The weight ratio of said 3,5-Di-tert-butylhydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine, carboxylic acid (or carboxylic acid anhydride) and the air is 1:1 to 0.05:0.05 to 15, respectively.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing fluid compositions are provided comprising at least one hydrocarbon fluid, at least one heteroaromatic, and at least one hydrazine additive. The resulting composition has reduced temporal formation of colored materials and/or gummy deposits. Additionally, antioxidant additives are combined with the above composition and provide a further reduction in the formation of colored materials and/or gummy deposits.

Abstract: A polymerization inhibitor composition for inhibiting the polymerization of aromatic vinyl monomers at elevated temperatures comprising:(a) a benzofuroxan derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or alkoxy; R.sup.1 is a nitro group; and m and n are each independently 0, 1, or 2; and(b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, and a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 hydrocarbon,and methods for inhibiting the polymerization of aromatic vinyl monomers at elevated temperatures using this composition.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The compositions comprise a hydroxylamine compound, a phenylenediamine compound and a vinyl aromatic monomer. The methods comprise adding to the monomer bis-N,N'(hydroxypropyl)hydroxylamine.

Abstract: The polymerization of a vinyl aromatic monomer such as styrene is inhibited by the addition of a composition of a benzoquinone derivative and a hydroxylamine compound.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting vinyl aromatic monomer polymerization during processing are disclosed. The compositions comprise a dinitrosalicylic acid derivative and a hydroxylamine compound. The methods comprise adding the composition to the monomer during processing. The preferred composition comprises 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid or 3,5-dinitrosalicylic methyl ester and bis-(hydroxypropyl)hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are protected from premature polymerization during manufacture and storage by the incorporation therein of an effective stabilizing amount of a 7-aryl quinone methide compound.

Abstract: Vinyl aromatic monomer polymerization methods utilizing a composition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and a substituted benzoquinonediimide compound are disclosed. Preferably, the composition is employed in an amount of 1 part to 10,000 parts per million parts monomer during distillation of styrene.

Abstract: Nitroxyl inhibitors in combination with some oxygen reduce the premature polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers during the manufacturing processes for such monomers. Even small quantities of air used in combination with the nitroxyl inhibitors result in vastly prolonged inhibition times for said monomers.

Abstract: Nitroxyl inhibitors in combination with some oxygen reduce the premature polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers during the manufacturing processes for such monomers. Even small quantities of air used in combination with the nitroxyl inhibitors result in vastly prolonged inhibition times for said monomers.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting the polymerization of crude dichlorobutene during its processing are disclosed. The methods comprise adding an effective polymerization inhibiting amount of a composition of a hydroxylamine compound and a metal deactivator compound to the dichlorobutene. The preferred hydroxylamine compound is bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)hydroxylamine and the preferred metal deactivator compound is a Mannich reaction product.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The methods comprise adding from 1 to 10,000 parts of a combination of a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound to the vinyl aromatic monomer.

Abstract: Markers for petroleum products which can be detected upon addition of a developing reagent which provokes the marker to fluorescence.

Abstract: An improved method for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomer with a hydroxylamine compound is disclosed. The improvement provides for adding a catalytic amount of a phenylenediamine compound to the vinyl aromatic system while replacing any phenylenediamine compound lost as a result of physical removal from the system via the waste stream.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The compositions comprise an oxime compound and a hydroxylamine compound and, alternatively, an oxime compound, a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound. The methods comprise adding either of the compositions to the vinyl aromatic monomer in an amount ranging from 1 to about 10,000 parts per million parts monomer.

Abstract: In the production of styrene, spontaneous polymerization of styrene monomer causes reduced efficiency and as such it is desirable to prevent the formation of polymer by the addition of inhibitors. A known inhibiting composition is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine and carboxylic acid, or an anhydride of said carboxylic acid which is added to a styrene-containing mixture. However large quantities are required and often portions of the inhibiting composition are not utilized resulting in nonproductive loss. The efficiency of the specific inhibitor can be improved by supplying air simultaneously with the inhibiting composition in a weight ratio of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzyl amine to carboxylic acid to air, said ratio being 1:1-0.05:0.05-15.

Abstract: Vinyl aromatic monomer polymerization methods utilizing a composition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and a substituted benzoquinonediimide compound are disclosed. Preferably, the composition is employed in an amount of 1 part to 10,000 parts per million parts monomer during distillation of styrene.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. These methods comprise adding from 1 to about 10,000 parts per million parts monomer of a combination of a dinitrophenol compound, a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound. Preferably, 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol or 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol are used in combination with bis-(hydroxypropyl)hydroxylamine and N,N' -di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The compositions comprise an oxime compound and a hydroxylamine compound and, alternatively, an oxime compound, a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound. The methods comprise adding either of the compositions to the vinyl aromatic monomer in an amount ranging from 1 to about 10,000 parts per million parts monomer.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of butadiene-containing streams during elevated temperature processing thereof or during storage or shipment of monomer containing product. The composition comprises a combination of (a) a phenylenediamine compound having at least one N--H bond and (b) a hydroxytoluene compound. The methods comprise adding from about 1-250 ppm of the combination to the monomer medium, per one million parts of medium.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers under distillation conditions. The compositions comprise a combination of a phenylenediamine compound and a hydroxylamine compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for inhibiting polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The compositions comprise a methoxyphenol compound selected from the group consisting eugenol and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and a phenylenediamine compound. The methods comprise adding from about 1 to about 10,000 parts per million to the ethylenically unsaturated monomer during processing.

Abstract: The invention deals with viscosity improvers which are .alpha.-olefin polymers and are particularly useful in lubricating compositions comprising (A) a liquid .alpha.-olefin polymer having a number average molecular weight from about 2,000 to about 100,000 and having derived from .alpha.-olefins having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, provided further that (A) has a bimodal molecular weight distribution having (i) a peak molecular weight maximum at 2,000 to 5,000 for a lower molecular weight component and (ii) a peak molecular weight maximum at 50,000 to 75,000 for a higher molecular weight component; (B) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of a friction modifier, a sulfurized olefin, an ash-producing detergent and, an ashless dispersant.