Abstract: A catalyst is described for the preparation of isobutene by dehydroisomerization of n-butane consisting of a solid, granular support of porous gamma-alumina on the surface of which catalytic quantities of platinum, silica and preferably also one or more promotors are deposited. In a preferred form of embodiment this catalyst is used with a second catalyst which may be formed of Boralite B or a solid granular support of gamma-alumina on the surface of which catalytic quantities of silica are deposited. The present invention relates also to the process of dehydroisomerization of n-butane to isobutene in which the catalyst is used and the relative operating conditions.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of butenes and/or pentenes using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain ethers, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: A process for the skeletal isomerization of olefins wherein the olefins are contacted with a SKISO-11 alumina base catalyst to convert into isomerized products effectively under the conversion conditions comprising a temperature of above 200.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C., the pressure of 0.3 to about 10 atmospheres and a molar ratio of hydrogen or nitrogen to olefins feed from 0 to about 10.

Abstract: A process for the skeletal isomerization of n-olefins containing at most 20 carbon atoms, comprising bringing a charge containing olefins into contact with a catalyst based on alumina which is impregnated with a clearly determined amount of TuO.sub.2, and subjected to a s team treatment. The process is carried into effect in the presence of steam.

Abstract: A method for skeletal isomerization of linear olefins to iso-olefins, e.g., n-butenes to isobutylene, over a catalyst comprising medium pore zeolite, e.g., a zeolite selected from ZSM-22, ZSM-23, and ZSM-35. Treatment of the zeolite with dicarboxylic acid, e.g., oxalic acid, significantly reduces aging rate and increases cycle length of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the pretreatment of olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock to remove conjugated dienes and/or basic nitrogen compounds that deactivate acidic catalyst particles used in olefin conversion processes by reacting the dienes with one or more dienophiles to form the corresponding Diels-Alder adduct, followed by catalytic conversion of the olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock containing the adduct. The formation of the Diels-Alder adduct essentially eliminates the role of dienes in the feedstock as catalyst deactivating agents. When maleic anhydride (MA) is employed as the dienophile, basic nitrogen reacts with maleic anhydride, or with the tetrahydrophthalic anhydride adduct, to lower the amount of catalyst deactivating basic nitrogen compounds in the feedstock. Where the olefin conversion process comprises etherification of isoolefins with alkanol in a C.sub.4 + or C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst to be utilized in the metathesis reactions of olefines, the catalyst comprising an after-treated tungsten complex containing diol ligands and hydrocarbon ligands, which are benzenes substituted with a lower alkyl group. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a heterogenous catalyst to be used in the metathesis reaction of olefines as well as to a metathesis process for the conversion of olefines.

Abstract: Basic intermediate or large pore zeolites having a Constraint Index less than 12 are useful as catalysts in the dehydrogenation-aromatization of cyclic dienes, in the isomerization of olefins and in the aldol condensation, and particularly in the cyclization of acetonylacetone to 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of pentenes using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain methyl t-amyl ether, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline. Pentenes in raffinate from etherification may be returned to the isomerization process.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for isomerizing olefin compounds to the corresponding product olefin compounds is provided. The isomerization catalyst comprises an oxygen treated mixture of an alkali metal on a calcined support. The multi-stage process is particularly useful for isomerizing 5-vinyl-2-norbornene to 5-ethylidiene-2-norbornene. The catalyst is very active and highly selective and resistent to catalyst poisons. The process contacts the catalyst with an isomerizable olefin in at least two reaction stages to yield the corresponding product olefin compound. The reaction stages differ in temperature, catalyst activity or both.

Abstract: A synthetic oil is made by a process comprising (a) isomerizing at least a portion of a vinylidene olefin feed to form an intermediate which contains tri-substituted olefin and (b) reacting said intermediate and at least one vinyl olefin in the presence of a catalyst to form a synthetic oil which comprises a co-dimer of said vinylidene olefin and said vinyl olefin.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline-range streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of paraffin isomers to equilibrium values.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the highly selective skeletal isomerization of linear olefin-containing organic feeds to iso-olefins at high levels of feed conversion wherein linear olefins, e.g., n-butenes, are contacted with catalyst comprising ZSM-22 having a crystal size whose largest dimension is no greater than 0.5 micron. The process is carried out under isomerization conditions to produce iso-olefins of corresponding carbon number, e.g., isobutene. High overall iso-olefin yields thus can be obtained, even at relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: Normal olefins such as n-butenes can be converted to iso olefins such as isobutylene by skeletal isomerization over catalysts of boron-beta zeolites having pore sizes of at least about 5 Angstroms and containing boron in the framework structure thereof. The boron-beta zeoliteS have sufficient acidity to catalyze the skeletal isomerization of normal olefinsto iso-olefins. The catalysts can be used to produce iso-olefins for reaction with alcohols in integrated processes to produce alkyl tertiary alkyl ethers such as MTBE.

Abstract: A process is provided for isomerizing an olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock and producing an olefinic isomerate product, wherein the feedstock comprises at least 10 weight percent of an olefinic hydrocarbon having 5 carbon atoms, comprising contacting the feedstock at isomerization conditions with an isomerization catalyst, the isomerization catalyst comprising from about 0.01 weight percent to about 50 weight percent borosilicate and from about 20 weight percent to about 99.99 weight percent of silica.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise blends or mixtures of low viscosity, 3-8 cS e.g. about 5 cS(100.degree. C.), HVI lube basestock with higher viscosity, 15 cS+e.g. 30+ cS(100.degree. C.) HVI PAO lube basestock produced from slack wax by thermal cracking to alpha olefins followed by Lewis acid catalyzed oligomerization of the alpha olefin mixture to lube base stock. Blending these components in appropriate proportions produces lube basestock having viscosities in the range of 8-15 cS (100.degree. C.) from which material suitable for the formulation of 10W-30 automobile engine lube can be produced. The blends are notable for exhibiting high VI values greater than that of either component of the blend.

Abstract: Normal olefins such as n-butenes and normal alkanes such as n-butane can be coverted to branched olefin species such as isobutylene by skeletal dehydroisomerization over catalysts preferably containing metals selected from Groups IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII and the rear earth elements which are deposited upon borosilicate zeolites having pore sizes of at least about 5 Angstroms and containing boron in the framework structure thereof. The borosilicates have sufficient acidity to catalyze the skeletal isomerization of both normal alkanes and normal olefins. The catalysts can be used to produce isoolefins for reaction with alcohols in integrated processes to produce alkyl tertiary alkyl ethers such as MTBE.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are continuously prepared from internal olevins by (i) continuously feeding internal olefin, isomerization catalyst and tri-lower alkyl aluminum to a reaction zone so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, (ii) continuously removing trialkylaluminum compound from the reaction zone and, thereafter, (iii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Normal olefins such as n-butene can be converted to branched species by skeletal isomerization over catalysts containing solid acids prepared by sulfating catalyst precursors containing hydrous metal oxides--e.g., aluminas, silica-aluminas or clays treated with sulfuric acid, metal sulfates, sulfur trioxide or organic sulfates. The catalyst precursors are sulfated sufficiently to produce the desired skeletal isomerization without substantial cracking under suitable isomerization conditions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the highly selective skeletal isomerization of linear olefin-containing organic feeds to iso-olefins at high levels of feed conversion wherein linear olefins, e.g., n-butenes, are contacted with catalyst comprising ZSM-22 having a crystal size whose largest dimension is no greater than 0.5 micron. The process is carried out under isomerization conditions to produce iso-olefins of corresponding carbon number, e.g., isobutene. High overall iso-olefin yields thus can be obtained, even at relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are prepared from internal olefins by (i) reacting them in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a tri-lower alkyl aluminum so as to cause internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, and, thereafter, (ii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are prepared from internal olefins by (i) reacting them in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a tri-lower alkyl aluminum so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, and, thereafter, (ii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: A solid strong acid catalyst useful for hydrocarbon reactions, especially for the skeletal isomerization of paraffinic hydrocarbons is provided by supporting sulfate (SO.sub.4) and at least one member selected from Group VIII metals on a support consisting of hydroxides and oxides of Group IV metals and Group III metals and mixtures thereof and then calcining and stabilizing the catalyst.

Abstract: The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks is affected under effective conversion process conditions in the presence of silicoaluminophosphate-based catalyst compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improved skeletal isomerization of olefins over molecular sieve catalysts, the improvement comprising carrying out the skeletal isomerization at a temperature above 900.degree. F.

Abstract: Upon a pressure vessel reactor, lower alkanes such as methane and propane subjected to temperatures of up to 800 K and pressures up to 70,000 psi (467 MPa), isomerize even in the absence of catalyst to produce a variety of alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons containing up to twelve carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of highly branched paraffins to equilibrium values.

Abstract: Gamma alumina having a sodium content of less than 0.01 weight percent sodium calculated as Na.sub.2 O and said alumina modified with silicon were found to be superior catalysts for the isomerization of alkenes having at least four carbon atoms, preferably with 0.01 to 1 mole of water per mole of alkene present during the isomerization. Both skeletal isomerization (e.g. n-butene to isobutene) and position isomerization (e.g. butene-2 to butene-1) are obtained.

Abstract: A method of forming a support for use with a primary catalyst for conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons is disclosed.A primary catalyst and a method of manufacturing the catalyst is also disclosed.Furthermore, a secondary catalyst for the production of branched chain alkenes from straight chain alkenes is also disclosed, together with methods of manufacturing the secondary catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethers from an olefin containing feedstock. The process includes two-stages for the production of ethers which comprises, in a first stage, isomerizing an olefin containing feedstock over a thermally stable layered metal oxide type catalyst having interspathic polymeric silica between the layers so as to produce iso-olefins and then, in a second stage, reacting the resultant iso-olefins with alcohols in the presence of an etherification catalyst so as to produce ethers from the iso-olegins.

Abstract: A process for the skeletal isomerization of olefins wherein the olefins are contacted with a catalyst comprising at least one alkaline earth oxide which has been treated with a halogen compound.

Abstract: A method for the selective gas-phase equilibration of at least one C.sub.3 or greater monoalkene over a HAMS-1B crystalline borosilicate-based catalyst composition employing operating conditions in which the total butylene and t-amylene C.sub.5 and lower fraction of the product are maximized and the formation of C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, total aromatics and total paraffins are minimized. In another aspect of the invention the equilibration product is usefully separated by converting the isobutylene and t-amylene fractions to their methyl ethers by reaction with methanol.

Abstract: But-2-enes are obtained from C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixtures which contain but-1-ene and may or may not contain but-2-enes by catalytic isomerization of the but-1-ene to but-2-enes in an isomerization zone at elevated temperatures by a process in which the isomerization is carried out in combination with a distillative separation zone, the said hydrocarbon mixture being fed to the isomerization zone and/or distillative separation zone, the isomerization mixture obtained from the isomerization zone is passed into the distillative separation zone, a but-1-ene-containing fraction is removed above the lower third of the distillative separation zone and passed into the isomerization zone, and the but-2-enes or a fraction containing these are or is removed in the lower third of the distillative separation zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the isomerization of branched dienes which comprises contacting at isomerization conditions a branched diene with a boron phosphate catalyst wherein the initial ratio of phosphorus (P) to boron (B) is less than 1.0 but greater than 0.6. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of from 100.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and at a pressure from subatmospheric to superatmospheric.

Abstract: A process for isomerization of vinylidene olefins at least in part to tri-substituted ethylene compound which process comprises contacting an olefinic feedstock, containing mostly vinyl olefins and minor amounts of vinylidene olefins, with a catalyst comprising LZ-Y52 zeolite so as to isomerize the vinylidene olefins to the tri-substituted ethylene compounds without losing substantial amounts of the vinyl olefins to side products. A process is preferably applied to a feedstock such as octene-1 containing 2-ethyl-hexane-1 and the 2-ethyl-hexene-1 is isomerized to 3-methyl-heptene-2 and 3-methyl-heptene-3 while retaining all or most all of the octene-1.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for isomerizing olefins using a catalyst product which is a composite of a perfluorinated polymersulfonic acid and an anion-stabilizing agent such as hexafluoroisopropanol or trifluoroaetic acid. The composite catalyst has a significantly higher Bronsted acidity than the perfluorinated polymersulfonic acid.

Abstract: A process for the skeletal isomerization of olefins wherein the olefins are contacted with a bromided alumina catalyst prepared by contacting alumina with a vapor selected from the group consisting of HBr, organic bromides, and Br.sub.2 /hydrocarbon mixtures.

Abstract: The viscosity index of synthetic lubricant stocks such as those produced by olefin oligomerization is increased by contacting such stocks with a solid acidic isomerization catalyst such as boron trifluoride at elevated temperatures, say above about 200.degree. C. The high viscosity index fractions of the resulting product may be sorbed by a shape-selective zeolite such as ZSM-5 and recovered to produce a high VI lubricant.

Abstract: A double bond isomerization catalyst is provided which consists essentially of zinc aluminate. A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic feedstocks using this catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming a support for use with a primary catalyst for conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons is disclosed.A primary catalyst and a method of manufacturing the catalyst is also disclosed.Furthermore, a secondary catalyst for the production of branched chain alkenes from straight chain alkenes is also disclosed, together with methods of manufacturing the secondary catalyst.

Abstract: Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons are isomerized in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of elemental chromium or a chromium compound and an aluminum phosphate support wherein the phosphorus/aluminum atomic ratio of the support is less than 1.

Abstract: Vinylidene olefins which contain the olefinic unit ##STR1## are isomerized in high yield to form di-substituted internal olefins containing the olefinic unit --CH.dbd.CH-- by heating to 150.degree.-350.degree. C. in contact with an iron carbonyl catalyst. Only minor amounts of tri-substituted internal olefins which contain the olefinic unit ##STR2## are formed.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of n-butenes, comprising contacting, at elevated temperatures, a feed containing n-butenes with a catalyst comprising a crystalline silica polymorph of the silicalite type in the presence of stream to recover a steam containing isobutene. The reaction can be carried out in either liquid or vapor phase.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of a tertiary double bonded olefin having a hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom vicinal to the tertiary carbon of the double bond comprises treating the olefin in a solution of dry liquid sulfur dioxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from oxygen, a hydroperoxide or a protic acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The disproportionation/skeletal isomerization of olefins can be carried out with high conversions and selectivity in the presence of catalyst compositions containing Group IIA and at least one of Group VIB and rhenium components.

Abstract: The process for the interconversion of "small olefins" selected from the class consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes and mixtures thereof comprising contacting said small olefin(s) with non-zeolitic molecular sieves.

Abstract: A process to convert a substantially linear alkene, such as n-butene, to isomerized products comprises contacting such alkene under conversion conditions comprising a temperature of above 300.degree. C. to about 650.degree. C. and an alkene reactant partial pressure of less than about 0.4 atmospheres with an AMS-1B borosilicate catalyst composition containing at least 50 wt. % hydrogen from AMS-1B incorporated in an inert binder.

Abstract: A process to convert an alkene to oligomerized, aromatized and isomerized products comprises contacting such alkene under conversion conditions with an AMS-1B borosilicate catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process to convert a normal butene to isomerized products comprises contacting such alkene under conversion conditions with a hydrogen form AMS-1B borosilicate catalyst composition at a conversion temperature below 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for producing branched aliphatic hydrocarbons by reacting H.sub.2 with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alcohol and/or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 olefin in the presence of a cadmium component and a support which comprises an amorphous refractory inorganic oxide, a pillared smectite or vermiculite clay, a molecular sieve consisting essentially of unexchanged or cation-exchanged chabazite, clinoptilite, zeolite A, zeolite L, zeolite X, zeolite Y, ultrastable zeolite Y, or crystalline borosilicate molecular sieve, or a combination thereof.