Abstract: Isomerization is effected at improved conversion and selectivity by use of a 0.5 w %-2.5 w % platinum-palladium group metal on hydrogen mordenite catalyst, silica to alumina mole ratio in the range of 10:1 to 20:1, the catalyst having been calcined at 1200.degree. F.-1500.degree. F. prior to use whereby it acquires activated sites not present in mordenite calcined at lower temperature.

Abstract: Organic compound conversion in the presence of a new class of heterogeneous catalyst is provided. Said new class of heterogeneous catalyst comprises a substrate having a minimum surface area of about 10 m.sup.2 /g and having pores with a minimum pore diameter of about 5 Angstrom Units, said substrate being modified by at least one amine functional member coordinated to a metal function, said amine functional member acting as a bridging member between said substrate and said metal function.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and normal butene, and polymerizing at least a portion thereof to produce isobutene/n-butene codimer, which comprieses feeding at least 80 weight % of either the isobutene or n-butene to a catalytic distillation reactor containing a fixed bed acidic cation exchange resin catalyst packing which provides both the catalyst sites and distillation sites for the reaction products, isomerizing a portion of the isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and n-butene and reacting at least a portion of the isobutene and n-butene to form codimer of isobutene and n-butene, whereby an overhead fraction containing any unreacted isobutene and n-butene and a bottoms fraction containing codimer is produced. The result of the reaction is substantially the same regardless whether the feed is isobutene or n-butene. Other aspects of the invention, include combinations of procedures to produce high purity isobutene and n-butene.

Abstract: A shape selective catalyst useful in a variety of hydrocarbon conversion processes such as cracking, hydrocracking, hydrofining, isomerization, dewaxing, and the like, is obtained from the process which comprises steaming a precursor crystalline aluminosilicate in the hydrogen or ammonium form having a silica-alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an alpha value greater than about 20 in the presence of ammonia to provide a crystalline aluminosilicate having an alpha value of from about 10 to about 150 and thereafter ion-exchanging the steamed precursor with an alkali metal cation under conditions effective to further reduce the alpha value of the crystalline aluminosilicate to less than about 10.

Abstract: A novel process for the conversion of olefins is provided by adding water to said olefin and thereafter contacting said olefin with an acidic alumina catalyst under conditions sufficient to effect the conversion of said olefin.

Abstract: Process for isomerizing linear ethylenic hydrocarbons to branched ethylenic hydrocarbons having the same number of carbon atoms in the molecule, in the presence of steam and of a catalyst containing alumina, silica and a metal or compound of a metal selected from chromium, palladium, nickel, copper and silver at critical concentrations of silica and of metal, and with a critical proportion of water with respect to the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process to convert an alkane, such as n-butane, to dehydrogenated and isomerized products comprises contacting such alkane under conversion conditions with an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate catalyst composition containing an ion or molecule of a catalytically active element, such as a noble metal.

Abstract: A novel process for the efficient, selective and steady conversion of n-alkenes, such as n-butylenes, to their skeletal isomers is disclosed. Catalysts and catalytic conditions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Straight chain olefinic hydrocarbons undergo skeletal isomerization upon contact at isomerizing temperatures with a catalyst in the form of a fluorine-activated-gamma-alumina including a minor amount of Bismuth for enhancing the effectiveness and prolonging the active life of the catalyst.

Abstract: An olefin isomerization process useful in recovering isobutylene from mixed butylene feed streams is disclosed. Preferably, the feed stream is passed through a first reaction zone to convert some butene-1 to butene-2 and then fed to the lower part of a two-part fractionation system. The butene-2-rich bottoms is withdrawn and the overhead vapor is passed through a second reaction zone in admixture with hydrogen before entering the second or upper part of the fractionation system. The bottoms liquid of the upper part of the fractionation system flows into the lower part of the fractionation system. Isobutylene and recycle hydrogen are recovered from the overhead vapor of the upper part of the fractionation system.

Abstract: A process is provided for the skeletal isomerization of straight chain olefins to branched chain olefins by contact at an elevated temperature with a chlorine- or fluorine-containing compound activated alumina catalyst, the alumina having an average particle size of from about 0.5.times.10.sup.-3 cm to about 160.times.10.sup.-3 cm and from 3 to 9% of the pore volume being attributable to pores having radii from about 100 to about 10,000 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process is provided for the skeletal isomerization of straight chain olefins to branched chain olefins wherein the olefin is contacted with an activated alumina catalyst which has a particle size of from about 0.5.times.10.sup.-3 cm to about 160.times.10.sup.-3 cm and at least 10% of the pore volume is attributable to pores having radii between about 100 and 10,000 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for converting linear aliphatic olefins into branched-chain aliphatic olefins, by contacting said linear aliphatic olefins with a comprising an active alumina carrier and fluorine and chlorine supported thereon, the amounts of fluorine and chlorine supported being 0.2 to 2.0% by weight, and 0.2 to 4.0% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The aforesaid isomerization catalyst can be produced by contacting an active alumina carrier with at least one halogenated hydrocarbon containing fluorine and chlorine in the molecule at a temperature of 200.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of dehydroisomerizing n-butane by contacting at elevated temperatures a feedstock containing n-butanes with a catalyst composition containing a gallium compound on a support. The process affords a valuable method of producing iso-butene which is a basic chemical feedstock for a number of products including polyisobutenes, methacrolein and methyl tertiary butyl ether, to name a few. The last named compound can be prepared by reacting isobutene with methanol and is a convenient means of separating iso-butene from the products of the dehydroisomerization stage.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic skeleton isomerization of n-alkenes to isoalkenes comprises contacting the n-alkene with a fluorinated aluminum oxide as the catalyst at temperatures of 250.degree.-550.degree. C., in the presence of 0.5-150% by weight of water, based on the weight of the alkene employed and replenishing the fluorine discharged from the catalyst in metered amounts, continuously or discontinuously, using, e.g., a volatile fluorine compound. The catalyst, partially deactivated by coking, is regenerated by burning it off with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of steam.

Abstract: These catalysts comprise:A refractory oxide-mineral carrier;a halogen element, present in combined form; and,in free or combined form,(a) a platinum-group metal, and(b) tin.They are characterized in that they contain, moreover, a metal from groups Ia and IIa of the periodic table of the elements.Specifically, said metal from groups Ia and IIa may be sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium or barium.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of at least one olefinic organic compound by disproportionation, proportionation, and/or isomerization, in which an olefin conversion catalyst is exposed to electromagnetic radiation prior to and/or during contact of the organic compound with the catalyst. The catalyst may also be pretreated with ethylene, propylene and/or butene during exposure to radiation or the olefinic compound may be pretreated by contact with magnesium oxide while exposing the magnesium oxide to radiation.

Abstract: It has been found that catalysts comprising zirconium hydrides, hydride alkyls and dihydrides bonded to metal or metalloid oxides in particular zirconium hydride bonded to silica, when contacted with olefins under mild conditions rapidly cause isomerization to thermodynamic mixtures.

Abstract: A butene mixture is separated to yield a n-butene rich product and an isobutylane rich product in a fractionator system. Other suitable olefins may be separated in a similar manner.

Abstract: Isomerization of a liquid, saturated endo-endo norbornadiene hexacyclic dimer involves the use of a catalytic amount of acidic alumina or a montmorillonite. The resulting isomeric product is solid, at ambient temperature, and can be used as a missile fuel.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing olefins to more highly branched olefins with certain alumina isomerization catalysts wherein coke formation is reduced by regenerating the catalysts with a wet regenerating gas.

Abstract: The improvement of the preferred Pt-Sn on alumina bimetallic catalyst (and similar catalysts) for hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons, comprising the catalyst further containing silicon in combined form.

Abstract: Isomerizable hydrocarbons including paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins and alkyl aromatics are isomerized by contacting the hydrocarbon at isomerization conditions with a catalytic composite comprising a combination of a nickel component, a molybdenum component and a platinum component with a zeolitic carrier material wherein said platinum component is present in an amount sufficient to result in the composite containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.2 to about 0.5 percent by weight platinum.

Abstract: A feed of mixed butenes is subjected to a combination process comprising skeletal isomerization, disproportionation, and appropriate fractionation to yield separate streams of isobutane, normal butane, and isoamylenes which can be dehydrogenated to isoprene.

Abstract: A feedstock comprising olefinic hydrocarbons having more than one double bond per molecule is selectively hydrogenated to produce hydrocarbons having less unsaturation relative to the feedstock by contacting the feedstock in the presence of steam and hydrogen with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal or an oxide thereof on a carrier comprising a Group II metal aluminate spinel containing tin or an oxide of tin. The feedstock can be produced by reforming paraffin and cycloparaffin hydrocarbons in the presence of steam with a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal or an oxide thereof on a carrier comprising a Group II metal aluminate spinel containing tin or an oxide of tin.