Abstract: The capacity of a simulated moving bed adsorptive separation process is increased by flushing the contents of the transfer line just previously used to remove the raffinate stream from the adsorbent chamber back into the adsorbent chamber. This step is performed immediately upstream of the point of raffinate withdrawal. Preferably the feed stream to the process is used as the flushing liquid. This flush step eliminates the passage of a quantity of the raffinate material into the adsorbent chamber when the process conduit is subsequently used to charge the feed stream to the adsorbent chamber.

Abstract: An activated carbon based adsorbent carrying an acid is provided for eliminating mercury or mercury compounds contained in hydrocarbons. Preferably the activated carbon base is provided with more than 80 ml/g micropore volume having radii less than 8 angstroms. Preferably the acid carried on the activated carbon is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid. Hydrochloric acid is most preferred. The active carbon base is preferably manufactured by activating a carbonaceous material in an atmosphere comprising less than 30 vol. % water vapor. The adsorbent can be used to eliminate mercury or mercury compounds contained in hydrocarbons by contacting the adsorbent with the hydrocarbons in liquid phase. Particular hydrocarbons include naphtha and intermediates of oil products or petrochemical products. Minimal amounts of carried acid are desorbed from the adsorbent to the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An adsorbent for selective removal of nitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock includes a substantially homogeneous mixture of a cationic nonacidic zeolite and an inorganic oxide matrix, the zeolite having an accessibility index of between about 0.1 to about 0.4, and the adsorbent being capable, when contacted with a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nitrile and containing dienes in an amount of at least about 1.0% by volume, of adsorbing at least about 80% of the nitrile during contact with at least about 200 volumes of the feedstock per volume of adsorbent.

Abstract: A method for effectively separating and removing or recovering BF.sub.3 existing in a liquid hydrocarbon which is characterized in that an organic liquid mixture containing suspended or dissolved BF.sub.3 is brought into liquid phase contact with a synthetic polymer fiber containing nitrile groups at a temperature of 50.degree. C. or lower, so that the BF.sub.3 is adsorbed by the synthetic polymer fiber and it is then heated to 80.degree. C. or higher to recover the BF.sub.3.

Abstract: Removal of organic sulfur compounds, especially aromatic sulfur compounds from an FCC feedstock with minimal adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbons is achieved using a zeolite X exchanged with alkali or alkaline earth cations. KX is an especially effective adsorbent. Where the KX is loaded with a group VIII metal, particular palladium or platinum, the adsorbent is effectively regenerated by treatment with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: An adsorption arrangement in combination with a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process suspends non-hydrocarbon materials that act to enhance the operation of the conversion zone by using an adsorption zone arrangement to keep the compounds in recirculation about the reaction zone and integrates the adsorption zone arrangement with a chiller to increase the recovery of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. The process of this invention is particularly useful for the isomerization of hydrocarbons wherein the adsorption zone arrangement operates to maintain chloride compounds in the reaction zone and to prevent contamination of product streams with the chloride compounds while increasing the recovery of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. This invention can be used in combination with traditional adsorptive methods of removing contaminant from feedstreams that enter reaction zones.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the removal of nitrogen compounds from an aromatic hydrocarbon stream comprising the nitrogen compounds by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a selective adsorbent having an average pore size less than. about 5.5 Angstroms. The selective adsorbent is a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of pore closed zeolite 4A, zeolite 4A, zeolite 5A, silicalite, F-silicalite, ZSM-5 and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a combination of a fractionation zone and an adsorption zone wherein the feedstream is passed to the fractionation zone to provide a dry bottoms product stream essentially free of the nitrogen compounds and an overhead stream. The overhead stream is condensed to provide an aqueous stream and a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is passed to an adsorption zone and a treated effluent recovered therefrom is returned to the fractionation zone.

Abstract: Activated carbon is prepared specially by activating carbonaceous material in a circumstance comprising water vapor less than 15% on volume basis and providing thus treated activated carbon carries alkaline or alkaline earth metal sulfide in it. Thus prepared activated carbon or that carrying these compound provides for method of eliminating mercury and its compounds from liquid hydrocarbons substantially completely contained at a slight amount in it. Liquid hydrocarbons containing mercury or sulfur will harm catalysts which are often applied during process for such intermediates of petroleum products and petrochemical products. Thus the present method is advantageous to processing of such oil intermediates.

Abstract: A method to minimize catalyst deactivation rate and coke laydown, and maximize desired reaction rate in processing of industrially significant reactions under supercritical conditions to generate a reaction mixture stream including formed reaction products and reactants, said contacting at a desired catalyst temperature of about 1-1.2 critical temperature of the resulting reaction mixture and at a pressure between the critical pressure of the reaction mixture and a pressure necessary to establish said reaction mixture fluid density of greater than 0.65 gm/cc.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of hydrocarbons using a chloride promoted catalyst wherein an adsorption zone arrangement operates to maintain chloride compounds in the reaction zone and to prevent contamination of product streams with chloride compounds removes normal paraffins from the desorbent stream to extend the capacity and life of a clinoptilolite molecular sieve. The invention preferably uses isoparaffins recovered from the isomerization zone as a desorbent. A gaseous fraction of the isomerization zone effluent can be recovered to provide a desorbent containing a low concentration of normal paraffins.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for in situ mitigation of coke buildup and porous catalyst used for the processing of hydrocarbon feed stocks. The process exhibits improved catalyst activity over extended periods and the process comprises the pretreatment of hydrocarbon feed stocks to reduce impurities in the feed stocks in the form of peroxides and oxygen compounds that promote the formation of coke precursors, which precursors are typically in the form of olefinic oligomers. The process includes contacting the pretreated feed stream with a suitable catalyst under sub-critical, near-critical and supercritical conditions.

Abstract: Cyclopentadiene is separated from dicyclopentadiene by means of a sorbent material which contains (i) alkali metal oxide(s) and/or hydroxide(s) and (ii) an inorganic support material. The more preferred sorbent material is Na.sub.2 O and/or NaOH on alumina.

Abstract: An adsorption arrangement in combination with a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process suspends non-hydrocarbon materials that act to enhance the operation of the conversion zone by using an adsorption zone arrangement to keep the compounds in recirculation about the reaction zone. The process of this invention is particularly useful for the isomerization of hydrocarbons wherein the adsorption zone arrangement operates to maintain chloride compounds in the reaction zone and to prevent contamination of product streams with the chloride compounds. This invention can be used in combination with traditional adsorptive methods of removing contaminant from feedstreams that enter reaction zones. The invention is also useful for sulfided catalysts where it is desirable to maintain sulfur within the reaction zone and keep sulfur contamination from entering product streams.

Abstract: Mercury is removed from a liquid hydrocarbon fraction by effecting high-temperature heat treatment to convert an organic mercury compound into an inorganic mercury compound or elemental mercury, removing a higher molecular weight component from the fraction, removing water from the fraction, and thereafter contacting the fraction with an adsorbent in the form of active carbon having calcium or a calcium compound supported thereon. Although only a minor amount of mercury is contained in the liquid hydrocarbon fraction, mercury can be efficiently removed at low cost on an industrial large scale, achieving an extremely low mercury concentration.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process and apparatus for removing oil from liquefied petroleum gases. In a preferred embodiment, the activated carbon bed is pretreated with odorant thereby enabling oil to be removed from odorized liquefied petroleum gases with negligible removal of odorant.

Abstract: The daylight stability, foaming characteristics, color, engine performance test behavior, oxygenates content, and thermal stability of wax isomerate oils and/or hydrocarbon synthesis liquid products are improved by the process of contacting the aforesaid wax isomerate oil and/or hydrocarbon synthesis liquid products with a silica adsorbent, said silica adsorbent being characterized by possessing a pore size of at least about 100 .ANG., preferably at least about 125 .ANG., most preferably at least about 150 .ANG., an alkali/alkaline earth ion concentration, excluding sodium, of greater than about 125 ppm, an iron content of less than about 40 ppm and a zirconium content of less than about 130 ppm.

Abstract: A method of removing contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream which involves contacting the hydrocarbon stream containing a heavy-metal contaminant with a porous material under conditions suitable for adsorption of the contaminant by the porous material. A process for preparing an adsorbent which involves forming a mixture of metal oxide powder and support powder, shaping the mixture into an aggregate, and reducing the aggregate to transform the metal oxide to the metallic state.

Abstract: A process for separating polar substances (preferably water, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, nitriles) from hydrocarbon fluids employs a sorbent comprising aluminum borate and zirconium borate. Preferably, the sorbent composition has been prepared by coprecipitation.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of mercury and arsenic for which elementary mercury and/or mercury mercaptides are recovered prior to the recovery of arsenic and wherein the recovery temperature of the arsenic is higher than the recovery temperature of the mercury.

Abstract: The pervaporative treatment of hydrocarbon feeds which have been exposed to air or oxygen and which contain mixtures of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons to selectively separate the feed into an aromatics rich stream and a non-aromatics rich stream is improved by the step of pretreating the hydrocarbon feed over an adsorbent such as attapulgite clay.

Abstract: For removing mercury and any arsenic in hydrocarbon charges containing mercury and sulfur, the charge is contacted with an arsenic collecting material having catalytic properties ("catalyst") in hydrogen, the material containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, palladium, and platinum; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and uranium; and an active phase carrier. Downstream of the catalyst or mixed therewith is a mercury collecting material containing a sulfide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, and silver or sulfur, and an active phase carrier.

Abstract: A process for the elimination of mercury and possibly of arsenic from hydrocarbons wherein compounds containing mercury are transformed into elemental mercury, the charge is fractioned, and then the fractions rich in mercury are purified through contact with a mercury collecting mass.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of tertiary butyl chloride from a hydrocarbon stream, wherein the hydrocarbon stream is contacted at a temperature of from about 130.degree. to about 170.degree. C. with a particulate calcium oxide containing from 1 to 10 mole % of a Group 3 or 4 compound and the hydrocarbon stream is recovered containing a reduced level of tertiary butyl chloride.

Abstract: Described is a novel acid-soluble oil composition produced as a by-product from an alkylation reaction catalyzed by a sulfone-containing catalyst. Also described is a novel process for regenerating an alkylation catalyst which contains a sulfone component. The regeneration process utilizes alumina adsorbent to remove a substantial portion of the hydrogen halide from the spent catalyst, thereby producing a neutralized stream, which is then treated with carbon to remove a substantial portion of the reaction by-product to produce a sulfone stream substantially free of reaction by-product and hydrogen halide.

Abstract: Process for removing mercury from an organic medium which at least contains mercury and arsenic, wherein the organic medium is contacted with a solid polymeric substrate containing thiol groups bound to the polymeric substrate through aliphatic groups.

Abstract: An adsorption arrangement in combination with a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process suspends non-hydrocarbon materials that act to enhance the operation of the conversion zone by using an adsorption zone arrangement to keep the compounds in recirculation about the reaction zone. The process of this invention is particularly useful for the isomerization of hydrocarbons wherein the adsorption zone arrangement operates to maintain chloride compounds in the reaction zone and to prevent contamination of product streams with the chloride compounds. This invention can be used in combination with traditional adsorptive methods of removing contaminant from feedstreams that enter reaction zones. The invention is also useful for sulfided catalysts where it is desirable to maintain sulfur within the reaction zone and keep sulfur contamination from entering product streams.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for removing impurities from hydrocarbon streams, preferably light ends, such as propylene and ethylene, which is preferably in the liquid phase, by contacting the hydrocarbon stream containing an initial amount of an impurity with a chemical adsorbent which is composed of a modified alumina having a surface area within the range of about 10 m.sup.2 /g to about 300 m.sup.2 /g and a pore volume within the range of about 0.1 mL/g to about 1 mL/g under contacting conditions effective to result in a purified hydrocarbon stream containing a reduced amount of impurities, i.e., less than about 0.5% relative to the initial amount of the acid impurity present in the hydrocarbon stream, and more preferably within the 10 ppb range.

Abstract: Described is a novel acid-soluble oil composition produced as a by-product from an alkylation reaction catalyzed by a sulfone-containing catalyst. Also described is a novel process for regenerating an alkylation catalyst which contains a sulfone component.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving catalyst performance and yields in the manufacture of motor gasoline components. More particularly the process is directed to the removal of H.sub.2 S, sulfur compounds, trace amounts of acetonitrile or acetone or propionitrile from a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 product fraction from a fluid catalytic cracking unit which may be used subsequently in an etherification process for the production of ethers such as MTBE and TAME and/or an alkylation process for the production of alkylate. The hydrocarbon feedstock is passed to an amine treating zone, a mercaptan sulfur removal zone and an adsorption zone for the removal of sulfur compounds, water and trace amounts of acetonitrile or acetone or propionitrile. The regeneration of the adsorption zone includes the contacting of the sorbent with a heated regenerant vapor stream. The spent regenerant vapor stream is condensed to provide a hydrocarbon phase and an aqueous phase.

Abstract: Described is a novel process for regenerating an ASO contaminated alkylation catalyst which contains a sulfone component and a hydrogen halide component. The alkylation catalyst undergoes a series of separation steps to remove a significant portion of the hydrogen halide component contained therein followed by a phase separation between an ASO phase and a sulfone phase. The sulfone phase is then contacted with a carbon material to remove a portion of any remaining ASO contained in the sulfone.

Abstract: Distillate fuel is stabilized against degradation during storage by inserting into storage tanks solid materials containing polar sites to enable polar condensation of the fuel constituents active in degradation. Polyether or polyester polyurethane open cell foams are the prime solid stabilizers proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of eliminating mercury or arsenic from a fluid in the presence of a solid mass for the recovery of mercury and/or arsenic. The said mass contains copper and sulphur at least partly in the form of copper sulphide and results (a) from the incorporation of a copper compound other than a sulphide into a solid mineral support, (b) possible calcination of the product obtained in stage (a), and from bringing the product obtained previously into contact with elementary sulphur and (d) a heat treatment.

Abstract: A process for separating an alkali metal or alkali metal compound from a polymer comprising a conjugated diolefin and/or an alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon monomer wherein a polymer and one or more alkali metal compounds is contacted with a suitable solid adsorbent. Preferably, the solid adsorbent will be selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica-alumina, silica and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for purifying linear paraffins in which a hydrocarbon stream containing linear paraffins contaminated with aromatics, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds, and color bodies, but essentially free of olefins, is contacted with a zeolitic solid adsorbent such as a NaX zeolite or zeolite MgY. After adsorption the zeolitic solid adsorbent is desorbed with an alkyl-substituted aromatic desorbent such as toluene.

Abstract: This invention provides a process to remove aromatic color bodies, particularly oxygen or sulfur containing aromatics from a C.sub.8-11 aromatic hydrocarbon stream having a boiling range between about 160.degree.-460.degree. F. The process involves contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a neutral attapulgite clay for a time sufficient to adsorb the aromatic color bodies. The process is effective in reducing the APHA color value of the subject hydrocarbon stream from an initial 850-1100 value to about 400 or less.

Abstract: Impregnated carbon adsorbents for the removal of mercury from liquid hydrocarbons are used in a variety of applications. The activated carbon impregnated adsorbents in the present invention remain effective in removing mercury. Generally, these activated carbons are comprised of an activated carbon adsorbent impregnated with a composition containing metal halide or other reducing halide, supplemented according to the desired characteristics with other elements. The formulation of the impregnants in the present invention can be varied to adjust the performance characteristics so as to meet the desired mercury removal performance criteria, to achieve enhanced removal of organic bound mercury from liquid hydrocarbon, and to have other advantages useful in a variety of applications. These impregnated carbon adsorbents possess desirable qualities regarding their ability to remove even trace levels of mercury from liquid hydrocarbon without a leaching effect of the impregnants used.

Abstract: Water-containing mixtures of at least one hydrocarbon/halocarbon and hydrochloric acid, e.g., the methyl chloride feedstream in conventional process for the synthesis of chloromethanes, are desiccated by intimately contacting such mixtures with an effective drying amount of an essentially anhydrous drying agent that includes (i) a metal sulfate, chloride or perchlorate, or (ii) phosphorus pentoxide.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the production of linear alkylbenzene wherein monoolefins are reacted with benzene in a hydrogen fluoride catalyzed reaction followed by recovery of the alkylbenzene. An alumina treatment step is included which removes organic fluoride impurities in order to prevent release of hydrofluoric acid in downstream equipment. It has been discovered that the SO.sub.3 sulfonation color of the alkylbenzene is surprisingly improved by the use of a high selectivity basic alumina for this treatment.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrogenated deodorized polybutene polymers, wherein the polybutene polymer is hydrogenated, distilled to substantially remove low boiling odorous compounds, and treated with silica gel to substantially remove the remaining odorous compounds thereby providing an improved hydrogenated, distilled, silica gel-treated polybutene polymer substantially free of odorous compounds.

Abstract: A process for separating lithium from a conjugated diolefin polymer wherein a solution containing said conjugated diolefin polymer and a lithium compound is contacted with magnesium phosphate, magnesium phosphate dibasic, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the magnesium phosphate compound is selected from the group consisting of mono- and dihydrogen phosphates. Most preferably, the magnesium phosphate is magnesium phosphate dibasic. The magnesium phosphate, magnesium phosphate dibasic, magnesium phosphate or mixture thereof may be used in combination with water and/or methanol with relatively good results. The lithium, which is a polymerization catalyst, can be removed immediately after the conjugated diolefin polymer is prepared by contacting the polymer solution with the magnesium phosphate compound.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of oxygenate containing adsorbents uses regenerant streams such as LPG and isomerate products for the desorption of oxygenate compounds. The process discloses arrangements for the integration of regenerant treatment into the adsorption scheme and for the enhancement of the isomerate product. The integrated flowscheme can be used to remove sulfur and water from contaminated regenerants or to deliver the oxygenates into the gasoline pool.

Abstract: A process for purifying linear paraffins in which a hydrocarbon feedstream containing linear paraffins contaminated with aromatics, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds, and color bodies, and also containing up to about 5 wt % desorbent from effluent recycle, is contacted with a solid adsorbent such as a NaX zeolite or zeolite MgY; after adsorption the adsorbent is desorbed with an alkyl-substituted aromatic desorbent, such as toluene. As the adsorent bed is being desorbed, the initial effluent from the adsorption cycle will contain levels of desorbent and may be recycled to the hydrocarbon feedstream. Previous to the removal of impurities from the adsorbent by desorption, the desorbent displaces interstitial linear paraffins which are also recycled to the hydrocarbon feedstream.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the separation of hydrogen sulfide from feedstreams containing hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons by adsorption using a clinoptilolite adsorbent containing cations having ionic radii of from about 1.10 to 1.40 Angstroms. The processes can provide substantially enhanced adsorption capacities as compared with other adsorbents such as Zeolite 4A. As a result, a throughput of existing sulfur adsorption plants can be increased, e.g., by about 100%. The processes can be operated at elevated adsorption temperatures, e.g., greater than about 200.degree. F., and thus are particularly suitable when integrated with other processing steps such as hydrocarbon conversion reactions that utilize catalysts which are sulfur-sensitive. In addition, the clinoptilolite adsorbents of the present invention have a high tolerance to environments that comprise halides, e.g., HCl.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur components from a hydrocarbon stream which involves contacting a hydrocarbon stream including an initial amount of at least one sulfur species selected from the group consisting of mercaptans, organic sulfides, and disulfides with a catalyst capable of adsorbing the sulfur species in the absence of extraneously added hydrogen and under conditions suitable for removing the at least one sulfur species from the hydrocarbon stream by the catalyst to form a resultant hydrocarbon stream containing a reduced amount of the at least one sulfur species.

Abstract: Substantial proportions of methyl acetate and unreacted polymethylbenzene are recovered from the waste gas produced during the oxidation of a polymethylbenzene to its corresponding polycarboxylic acid by passing the waste gas, after being cooled for removal of water vapor, through at least one bed of activated carbon and subsequently desorbing the methyl acetate and polymethylbenzene from the bed by passing a desorbing medium, such as steam, through the bed. Preferably, the cooled stream is heated to a temperature of at least 21.degree. C. (70.degree. F.) prior to being passed into the bed of activated carbon.There is also disclosed an improved process for the oxidation of a polymethylbenzene to its corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic acid, which process comprises producing the polycarboxylic acid and waste gas comprising methyl acetate, water vapor, and unreacted polymethylbenzene and treating the waste gas according to the above method.

Abstract: A process for purifying linear paraffins in which a hydrocarbon stream containing linear paraffins contaminated with aromatics, sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds, and color bodies, but essentially free of olefins, is contacted with a solid absorbent such as a NaX zeolite or zeolite MgY. After adsorption the adsorbent is desorbed with an alkyl- substituted aromatic desorbent, such as tuluene. The initial effluent from the adsorb cycle, which will contain a high concentration of residual desorbent, is recycled to a desorbent recovery system. The level of desorbent in the adsorber effluent is monitored on a real time basis until the desorbent level of the adsorber effluent declines from a plateau level, i.e., a 100% plateau level, that correlates with the level of impurities, particularly the aromatic impurities in the feed, which is an indication of aromatics breakthrough, thereby signaling the need to switch the adsorbent beds.

Abstract: A method is provided for high temperature conversion of mercutry-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce a product stream with a negligible mercury level and to protect cryogenic heat exchangers from mercury damage. The feed is treated with adsorbent at high temperatures to remove up to 99% of the mercury. After high temperature conversion, the product stream is treated over a second adsorbent composition to remove any residual mercury and water before the product is cooled and collected.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the removal of organochlorides from hydrocarbon streams using highly crystalline molecular sieve material, such as zeolites, and particularly zeolite X in a sodium form, and the removal of organochlorides from hydrocarbon streams containing olefinic compounds using such molecular sieves in combination with alumina for the purpose of effecting a decomposition of the organochloride into a corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule and a molecule of hydrocarbon chloride wherein the hydrocarbon chloride is removed from the hydrocarbon stream by being adsorbed onto the adsorbent of the highly crystalline molecular sieve used alone, or in combination with alumina in those instances where olefinic compounds are present in the hydrocarbon stream, so that the unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule may be recovered from the resultant hydrocarbon stream containing a reduced amount of organochlorides.

Abstract: A novel zeolite, NU-87 has in its "as-prepared" form an X-ray diffraction pattern including the lines given in Table 1. It is prepared from a reaction mixture containing sources of silica, a polymethylene alpha, omega-diammonium cation and optionally sources of alumina and metal oxide.

Abstract: Trialkyl arsines (in particular trimethyl arsine) are removed from a fluid (e.g., a hydrocarbon-containing gas) by contacting the fluid with a sorbent material comprising at least one copper hydrocarbon sulfonate, preferably a copper salt of an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid, or with a copper-exchanged, sulfonated styrene polymer.