Abstract: The present method relates to the measurement of fibrous material, such as slivers and rovings, by ultrasonics. By a suitable arrangement of a sound source and a sound pick-up with the fibrous material disposed therebetween, only those sound waves arrive at the sound pick-up which have penetrated the fibrous material. All lagging disturbing signals which are generated by reflections and interferences are suppressed by the pulsed operation of the sound source and by the corresponding gating of the sound pick-up, as a result of which, the value to be measured, namely, the quantity of fibers present at any time in the measuring data, is substantially free from disturbing influences. This measured value may be used as a value for the cross-sectional regularity, or as a controlled variable for the production of regular rovings or slivers.

Abstract: Insufficient finish level on a yarn may be detected by monitoring the temperature of a stationary surface over which the yarn runs and observing a rise in temperature above that seen when a normal fixed level of finish is present on the yarn.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of moving a roll out of contact with a work-piece in response to its developing a slower speed than normal while being driven by frictional engagement with the work-piece which comprises(a) generating an electrical signal as the roll moves past a reference point during each revolution,(b) using the electrical signal to set a timer for a predetermined duration,(c) timing each revolution of the roll by measuring time lapse between signals,(d) comparing the time for each revolution with the timer of predetermined duration, and(e) actuating a mechanism to withdraw the roll from contact with the work piece if a revolution is longer in time than the predetermined duration.

Abstract: A method of cleaning yarns and evaluating yarn defects by means of digital technology is based on the fact that the physiological perception arising from observation of yarn defects, both as to cross section as well as in length, is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the physical expansion of such yarn defects, and also of the fact that yarn defects are statistically rare events. Signals corresponding to the yarn cross section or diameter are converted to and processed in the logarithmic scale. For purpose of analysis of these converted signals, a tolerance range and a system of tolerance zones arranged in both the transverse dimension and the longitudinal dimension is defined about the yarn. Different analysis criteria are applicable for those zones, and only those signals are analyzed which have directly exceeded or fallen short of at least one of the zone limits, with the result that the need for signal processing capacity is reduced.

Abstract: Apparatus to cause a running length of yarn to vibrate at its harmonic frequency and to electronically measure the harmonic frequency thereof to provide a signal which can be employed to maintain and/or correct the parameters of the system to maintain a desired tension in the yarn being run.

Abstract: A yarn tension control for a yarn testing machine includes: a support; a carriage moveable relative to the support; and a tension arm pivotably mounted to the carriage for engaging the yarn. The tension arm is set in a neutral position to apply a predetermined tension to the yarn. Rotation of the arm indicates an incremental change in the yarn tension. Upon such a change in tension the carriage is moved from an initial position to a compensating position to re-establish the predetermined tension. The drive elements then vary the speed of the yarn to produce an offsetting incremental change in the yarn feed rate to restore the tension arm to its neutral position.

Abstract: An autolevelling drawframe for levelling out staple fibre slivers in the spinning mill operation, in which deviations of the sliver weight (linear density) from the preset desired value detected are processed into correcting signals and are transmitted to a correcting member, which adapts the input speed of the drafting arrangement. The correcting signal transmitted is generated from the product of a voltage proportional to the rotational speed of the main motor and a voltage determined by the deviation in linear density. The apparatus consists of a computer (34,41; 60,41; 67,71) for computing the correcting signal, which computer is connected electrically with the correcting member (48), with a transducer (20) transmitting the voltage proportional to the rotational speed of the main motor, and with means for generating the voltage determined by the deviation in linear density. The computer can consist of a control device (36) and a multiplicator (41) or of a microprocessor (71) (digital computer).

Abstract: A method of and a system for detecting pinholes in hollow fibers by passing a liquid filled fiber into a zone of pressurized gas wherein the pressure of a gas is higher than that of a liquid inside the hollow fiber so that bubbles may be injected through pinholes contained in said hollow fiber and then passing the fiber through a bubble detector. The system can be operated continuously with the pinhole detector being between a device for continuously feeding the hollow fiber and a device for winding up said hollow fiber.

Abstract: A method of proof testing an optical glass fibre by pulling it around a free roller whose radius is sufficiently small to impart the strain necessary to detect fibres whose surface or near surface flaws weaken the fibre below a required strength. Proof testers are disclosed incorporating, single rollers, a set of three parallel rollers and a jig holding four sets of three rollers. Proof testers incorporating the extra rollers whose axes are at different angles are shown to more thoroughly explore the surface of the fibre for cracks.

Abstract: A measuring funnel for determining the tension of slivers includes a stationary component having a funnel-shaped inlet opening and a movable component. The bore for the passage of the sliver continues in the movable component, and may have a section along which it continues to taper. The passage of sliver thereby exerts a force on the movable component in the direction of its travel. This force is compensated by pneumatic or electrical means, so that the movable component takes a balanced position for every sliver cross section. These balanced positions are then converted into corresponding signals by means of electrical or pneumatic sensors, which signals are either used for measuring the absolute sliver cross section or for regulating the sliver cross section to a set value.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting the presence of a running thread takes advantage of the inherent physical irregularities of the thread to generate an alternating current signal as the thread passes through a capacitive element. The variations in capacitance resulting from the running thread are detected and amplified as an alternating current electrical signal, which disappears instantly with thread stoppage or breakage.

Abstract: The apparatus permits establishment of measuring values, yielding measuring values being representative of the material cross-section area solely of fiber slivers. A through-put duct converging, as seen, in the direction of transport of the fiber sliver is used into which two pressure measuring ducts merge at two measuring points at which the duct diameter is different. The two measuring ducts transmit measuring signals which are further processed in a division circuit means, which yields an output signal. The output signal is used for fiber sliver control or measuring purposes on machines processing fiber slivers or on spinning machines processing such fiber slivers further.

Abstract: The method is used for producing measuring values depending on the linear density of a fiber sliver transported through a measuring funnel. A measuring signal transmitted from the measuring funnel is transformed into a proportional electric voltage signal and is continually integrated. The apparatus comprises a measuring funnel connected pneumatically with a pneumatic/electric transducer which transmits a signal to an integration circuit means. A control logic which cooperates with a gear of the transmission of the spinning preparatory machine is connected with the integrating circuit means via a proximity initiator which transmits an impulse to the control logic at each passage of a tooth. The integrating circuit means supplies measuring values suitable as a control signal for spinning preparatory machines, which signal is independent of the speed of the fiber sliver.

Abstract: The amount of electrically conductive finish that has been applied to a filament is determined by measuring the conductance of a length of the filament. The measurements are made independently of any difference in conductivity of finish mediums by means of a reference cell containing a sample of the particular finish medium used. An electric measurement circuit provides an indication of the amount of finish medium on the filament by determining the ratio of the conductance of the length of filament to the conductance of the reference cell. In one circuit embodiment, two operational amplifiers are placed in series. The reference cell takes the place of the feedback resistor of one operational amplifier and the length of filament takes the place of the input resistance of the other amplifier. The resulting output of the series circuit is a scaled ratio of the conductances of the finish along the length of filament and in the cell.

Abstract: A method for measuring continuously shrinkage and crimp development in a long continuous sample of yarn involves the steps providing a zero-tension loop, applying a standard tension, then developing crimp in a single downward pass through a hot air chamber providing a second zero-tension loop and thereafter retensioning it. The shrinkage and crimp development is calculated from differential speeds of rolls advancing the yarn.

Abstract: A single-pin guide tensiometer fitted with strain-detecting element that is flattened to respond only in a direction perpendicular to the flat faces of the elements. Moreover by rotating the tensiometer 90 degrees, threadline tension in the opposite direction is measured.

Abstract: In order to monitor irregularities in textile yarn being produced in an open-end spinning turbine of the type having an elastically mounted rotor, there is provided a sensor arranged to sense radial deflections experienced by the rotor or its bearing and associated with the occurrence of such irregularities.

Abstract: Yarn Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 being supplied to a textile machine is led over a pair of spaced hooks 24 on a support member 22 and is contacted between the hooks by a pivotable member 12 when in an inoperative position (shown in broken lines). In the event of breakage of yarn, the member 12 pivots into an operative position (shown in full lines) and operates a proximity switch 18 to halt operation of the textile machine. In the event of snatching, the increased tension in the yarn lifts the support member 22 off a magnetic block 26, again causing the member 22 to pivot to its operative position and thereby halt operation of the textile machine. After the snatch has passed, a weight 27 which the support member 22 engages after initial lifting thereof returns the support member 22 to its original position under gravity and the yarn forces the pivotable member 12 back into its inoperative position so that operation of the textile machine can recommence.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining the state of interlacing in interlaced multifilament yarn, wherein an interlaced multifilament yarn is forced to contact a contact member while running along a yarn passage so that a configuration of the yarn is changed with regard to the mutual lateral positions of individual filaments thereof. The state of the above-mentioned changing of the yarn configuration is detected by means of a photoelectric principle, and the degree of interlacing is electrically calculated from the detected signal.

Abstract: In the production of yarn in an open-end spinning turbine having an elastically mounted rotor bearing, a break in the yarn or an operating state which influences yarn quality is detected by means of a sensor which produces a signal representative of radial deflections of the bearing and an evaluation circuit which responds to the absence of and/or a change in the signal component produced by the sensor as a result of radial deflections created by the fiber material present on the rotor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the faulty working of spinning units of an open-end spinning machine by monitoring the faults in yarn as it is fed from the spinning machine. An electrical signal is produced by a sensor indicating faults appearing in the yarn. Another signal of predetermined frequency corresponding to the speed of delivery of the yarn from the spinning machines is generated. The electrical signal produced by the sensor is electrically multiplied by the signal of predetermined frequency for producing a differential signal. This differential signal is filtered, shaped and integrated and subsequently compared with a preset threshold value for producing a signal indicating when the occurrence of faults exceed a predetermined threshold. This signal can be used for stopping the spinning unit.

Abstract: Novel method and device for measuring instantaneous changes of the thickness or diameter of travelling yarns and similar structures. The devices comprise sensing means provided with a pair of members contacting the yarn, with one of the members spring loaded toward the other. The distance or the variation of the distance between the contacting members when the yarn travels is detected by a transducer, e.g. of the capacitive type, and translated into electrical sensing signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing the density variation of a sliver, includes a sliver funnel through which the sliver passes and which has an intake portion, a discharge portion and a chamber formed as an enlarged part of the discharge portion. The chamber is, through a lateral opening, in communication with a source of pressurized air and a pressure sensing device. The pressure sensing device receives pneumatic signals as a function of the variation of pressure in the chamber dependent upon the density of the sliver portion momentarily present in the chamber. The sliver funnel is arranged at an output of a carding machine for receiving a web discharged thereby and for combining the web into a sliver passing through the chamber. The pressure sensing device comprises a pressure-responsive precision sensor which includes an arrangement for converting the pneumatic signals into digital signals.

Abstract: An electropneumatic system to control yarn tension in a yarn winding apparatus in which an electrical resistance strain transducer is associated with the yarn line being wound for generating a signal indicative of tension. This signal regulates a motor driven valve which controls pneumatic pressure used to regulate the winding apparatus. A heat responsive negative feedback control is coupled into the system shunting the electrical resistance strain gauge to provide an anticipating signal to minimize overshoot in the control system.

Abstract: Tension detector for an advancing layer of straightened yarns.A section of yarns of the layer 5 is guided along a V-path 5a by means of three guide member 1,4 of which a first group 1 is situated on one side of the layer 5 and a second group 4 is situated on the other side of the said layer and between the two members 1; the relative positions of the axes of the three guide members 1,4 are fixed and the force exerted by the yarn layer 5 on one of the said groups of members is measured with respect to that (or those) of the other group.The invention is particularly applicable to the slashing of yarn warps on a slasher.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with an electronic device enabling an operator to easily and correctly adjust the time interval in which the weft insertion in shuttleless looms fitted with an electronic weft or filling thread monitor is to be monitored. A safety interval of some milliseconds' duration is provided at the end of said time interval taking into account the unavoidable fluctuations of the weft insertion period.

Abstract: The invention is related to a composite material testing equipment designed for the automatic, super-speed, and large-scale yarn-strength testing in a manner affording the possibility of displaying and recording the results of the said tests continuously and -- practically -- at the same time as the test takes place.N pieces of breaking units each of them comprising at least one sensor are mounted upon a common supporting block, and coupled to a single, common drive. The program-controlled drive and the sensors are connected to the control unit of a data processing and control network. The network comprises a RAM-memory connected to several channels of the control unit whereas its data outputs are parallelly connected to the inputs of two registers, the outputs of the registers being coupled to an adder stage, and the output of the latter is connected to a D/A converter.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a plurality of spinning stations by evaluating yarn signals based upon detection of approximately periodic variations in yarn cross section provides for conversion of the signals to digital form and application of the digital signals to a microcomputer in which the sum of the differences between the original yarn signal and a yarn signal delayed in time is continuously formed. Specific fault signals are produced from the summed differences which are checked against predetermined reference values.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the incremental grooming force experienced by a hair tress during combing, and supplying an instantaneous readout of that force. The apparatus includes a comb or brush with strain gages attached to it which change resistance when mechanically deformed. The change in resistance is electrically measured to provide an indication of incremental grooming force. A continuous monitor is connected to the resulting electrical signal to provide an instantaneous indication of incremental grooming force. A method for using the apparatus to reduce the creation of split ends during hair grooming is also provided.

Abstract: An entanglement tester, for testing the degree of entanglement of the yarns such as jet-entangled, yarn, is provided. A complex yarn path is provided, having sections arranged at angles to each other, and a measuring device is provided which may be displaced by shortening the yarn path. Means are provided for inserting a pin or needle into and through the yarn, guiding the yarn onto and off of the pin by using pivoting or sliding guides that are worked by yarn tension, and the yarn is displaced in a manner to shorten the yarn path, thus displacing the measuring device until a point of entanglement is reached. The distance between point of insertion and point of entanglement may be read out, and the measuring process repeated many times without painstaking hand guiding operations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for evaluating yarn signals having at least an approximately periodic component superimposed on an irregularity provides for determining the polarity values of successive signal components using a comparator and the evaluation of coincidence of such polarity values during a predetermined period using counting means.

Abstract: Devices are described for determining the helix angle of twisted threads during false-twist texturing. The thread passes over a convex spherical surface at the top of a two-armed lever pivoted between the arms and having a vertical zero position. Magnetic means act on the lower arm to bias the lever to the zero position. In one device the lever is pivoted about a diameter of a vertical cylindrical tube rotatable on a second vertical tube, a scale being provided to indicate the position of the tube about its axis which, in turn, depends on the helix angle of the thread traversing the spherical surface, which has a radius of curvature equivalent to the length of the upper lever arm. In another device the two-armed lever is carried by a ball in a spherical bearing and has a pointer at the lower end that indicates the position of the lever with respect to polar co-ordinates on a flat surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an abnormal condition of a wire rope comprises a detecting element, a part of which is disposed adjacent to an outer surface of the wire rope for longitudinally moving and the other part of which is held on a supporter and which detects the abnormal condition of the wire rope.

Abstract: A false twisting apparatus comprising two endless belts crossing each other and running in opposite directions at the crossing point is disclosed, in which a yarn running through the crossing point is nipped by both the belts at the crossing point and is false-twisted by a frictional effect caused between the two belts. In this false twisting apparatus, the angle of crossing of the two endless belt is set in advance, and the apparatus may include means for detecting minute variations of this predetermined crossing angle and correcting such minute variations.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting disturbances in yarn travel at a textile machine, comprising a probe delivering an electrical signal in the presence of such disturbances, the probe being operatively coupled by means of discriminator stages with a pre-selection counter structured for setting the maximum permissable number of disturbances. The pre-selection counter is operatively coupled with a multivibrator which, upon exceeding the aforesaid number, delivers a disturbance signal. A clock generator is coupled with one input of the multivibrator which is constructed as a bistable multivibrator or flip-flop and additionally is connected by means of a delay element with a resetting input of the pre-selection counter.

Abstract: Novel device for detecting knot-like thick places in travelling textile threads, comprising a plate-shaped or rectangular vibratory member which is fixed at one end and has a straight edge at its other end. A plate-shaped piezoelectrical transducer element is fixed at one of the major surfaces of said vibratory member. A thread guiding member having a straight edge is arranged in essentially parallel relationship to the straight edge of the vibratory member such as to form a thread passage gap between said straight edges. Means adjust the width of said thread passage gap, and a case or support structure is provided for receiving the vibratory member, electromechanical transducer element and thread guiding member.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring a moving yarn line to detect the presence of undesired denier imperfections. The yarn is passed through an elongated constricted passage sensing device into which a sensing fluid is concurrently fed. The back pressure thus created in the fluid carrying line due to flow resistance in the sensing device, is monitored to detect variations which would indicate an imperfection in the moving yarn line.

Abstract: A sample yarn-collecting apparatus for preparing a continuous yarn knotted in an end-to-end manner, in which sample yarns having a certain length are collected from a plurality of yarn packages, each of them are connected in succession in an end-to-end manner to obtain one continuous yarn, and the continuous yarn is wound temporarily and thereafter continuously unwound to be fed to testing means while storing it in a quantity within a predetermined range, is disclosed. This apparatus comprises sample yarn collecting means for collecting sample yarns from packages and connecting each of them to form one continuous yarn, means for storing the continuous yarn fed from said collecting means on a rotary member by winding it and feeding the continuous yarn wound and stored on the rotary member to testing means by unwinding it, and supplementary means for controlling the above two means.

Abstract: Yarn testing device comprising a spool, a variably driven godet with one yarn coil, followed by a suction nozzle, and a yarn tensioner to switch on and off, located between the spool and the godet, the suction nozzle and the pneumatically actuated yarn tensioner being connected with a changeover switch.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing an electrical output signal which varies as a function of sliver thickness with a trumpet having a bore through which the sliver passes and a port opening into the bore, and a sensor with a housing defining an inner space sealingly divided by a flexible diaphragm into an upper compartment and a lower averaging compartment. The lower compartment is connected to the trumpet port and to a pressure source via a metering valve having an air escape port. A shaft is fixed for movement vertically with the diaphragm and has a weight on the end within the lower compartment and a magnetic portion in the upper compartment. Vertical movement of the diaphragm caused by a change in back pressure caused in turn by a change in sliver thickness produces an electrical signal in a coil wound about the shaft in the upper compartment as the coil interacts with the magnetic portion.

Abstract: Improved method, and apparatus for practicing the method, for determining parameters of a staple length distribution of fibers in a yarn sliver by feeding the yarn sliver to and between two pairs of drafting rolls initially spaced apart at a greater distance than the longest fiber in the yarn sliver and monitoring the drafting force exerted upon the yarn sliver while continuously decreasing the distance between the pairs of drafting rolls and monitoring the distance, and generating signals representative of the drafting force and distance and feeding them, respectively, to the Y-axis and X-axis of a X-Y recorder and drawing a curve therefrom from which the desired parameters can be determined.

Abstract: In an apparatus for continuous draw-off of yarn from a package at a measured rate and under regulated tension, the yarn can either be passed to a waste receptacle for a predetermined length of time or can be metered to a scale for subsequent determination of yarn weight per unit length (denier). Diversion of the running yarn from one path to the other is achieved without affecting yarn draw-off rates and tensions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the production of spun yarn in an open end rotor spinning machine. The spun yarn is withdrawn from the open end rotor spinning machine at a constant rate of speed. As a result of changes in mass of the yarn created by flaws therein, the centrifugal force within the rotor varies causing the tension in the yarn to vary accordingly. As the yarn is withdrawn from the rotor, it passes around a spring loaded arm which is displaced according to the centrifugal force applied to the yarn. The spring loaded arm is operately connected to a balance bridge circuit which generates an output signal corresponding to the displacement thereof. The output signal from the balance circuit is then fed to an integrator which integrates the signal to produce a slowly varying integrated reference signal.

Abstract: A tension transducer for measuring threadline tension in running lengths of yarn includes a beam over which yarn passes cantilevered to one leg of a U-shaped flexure member. The other leg of the U-shaped member is associated with a strain gage linked internally to the beam.

Abstract: To prevent periodically recurring thickened portions of thread from open end spinning machines, a thread thickness sensing signal is conducted to a mono stable blocking multivibrator having an unstable blocked time just under, for example, ninety percent, of the time of pull off of thread during one revolution of the turbine, so that the distance of thread passing through the sensor during the unstable time is just slightly less than the circumference of the spinning turbine of the open end spinning machine. If other thickened portions result from a specific circumferential point of the turbine, resulting in periodic defects, the mono stable multivibrator will be triggered again and again; the trigger signals is summed, for example, by an integrator and if the sum of the pulses reach a certain value, a defect signal is generated, for example, stopping the machine. Before being applied to the mono stable multivibrator, the signals are preferably dynamically limited.

Abstract: A measuring head is used to measure a yarn characteristic while generating a continuous signal proportional to variations in the measured characteristic. The signal is multiplied by an identical second signal obtained either from a second measuring head located downstream of the first measuring head a distance corresponding to a predetermined periodic interval of yarn length (L) or by a time-delay of the first signal corresponding to the periodic interval (L). The multiplication of the signal deviations occurring at the periodic intervals, should such be present, produces a strong output signal indicative of the yarn irregularities. This output signal can be used to interrupt operation of the yarn processing machinery.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for counting crimp in fibers or filaments by moving a cell containing a specimen through a laser beam and detecting changes in radiation scattered by the crimped fiber. The radiation is observed by means of suitable electronic circuitry and a photodetector.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, measuring irregularities in the cross-section of yarns, rovings, bands and the like, by means of a preferably portable measuring apparatus or device providing a direct read-out or display and containing a measuring element, amplifying- and signal converting circuitry as well as an indicator or display device. A measuring signal derived from a yarn irregularity signal is checked with respect to the number of times it passes through at least one given reference value or hysteresis range, and the indicated value for the irregularity constitutes a statistically certain or significant value whenever the number of passes through the reference value or hysteresis range has reached at least a predetermined value.

Abstract: The invention resides in an improved apparatus for the evaluation of qualities of a running continuous yarn. The apparatus is provided with a capacitive sensor through which the yarn is passed continuously. The apparatus is also provided with a device for extracting from the sensor an output signal with amplitude or frequency components frequency distribution. It is further provided with an electronic calculating device which determines the mean and standard deviation from the foregoing distributory information.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for monitoring the operation of an electronic yarn clearer on an automatic yarn winding machine and particularly for monitoring the operation of the output relays and yarn cutting device of the yarn clearer. Logic circuitry is provided for combining the output signals of the yarn clearer circuitry and produces control and/or alarm signals when the cutting device fails to sever the yarn upon appearance of a cutting pulse, i.e. when a yarn travel signal is permanently present during a predetermined time interval commencing with the start of said cutting pulse.