Abstract: A cadmium selenide base layer is vapor deposited on a substrate and thermally treated to achieve a desired photosensitivity, crystallographic structure, and granularity.

Abstract: Photosensitive composition for use in photoelectrophoretic imaging system. The particulate component of this composition includes vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment particles which have been treated with a polymer having structural units of the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN Z is a pendant group of the formula ##STR2## X is a substituent substantially incapable of withdrawing electrons from the electron rich pyridinyl moiety;M is a whole number from 0 to 3; andN is a whole number in excess of 25.The intimate association of at least some of the polymer with at least some of the vanadyl phthalocyanine pigment is believed to effectively attenuate photoinjection of holes from the phthalocyanine pigment into the surrounding materials thereby both reducing the D.sub.min of the phthalocyanine pigment; and, to improve color separation of reproductions prepared by processes employing a subtractive color system.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium comprising a conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an electrically alterable layer of a linear, low molecular weight hydrocarbon polymer has improved fatigue resistance. An acrylic barrier layer can be interposed between the photoconductive and electrically alterable layers.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of X-form metal phthalocyanine and X-form metal-free compounds which comprises heating any suitable metal phthalocyanine polymorph or compound to from about 600.degree. to about 650.degree. and cooling the resulting product formed thereby is herein disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in photoconductive compositions of layered electrophotographic plates and related electrophotographic processes and particularly in the charge transport layer thereof which includes a tri-aryl pyrazoline compound in conjunction with a binder material wherein the improvement comprises the use of a tri-aryl pyrazoline compound and a mixture of binder materials comprising about 3 to 25% by weight acrylic resin and about 75 to 97% by weight polycarbonate.

Abstract: There is described an electrophotographic photosensitive material including a conductive backing and a photosensitive layer, the photosensitive layer being formed of a photoconductive material, a resin binder, and a fluorine-contained resin. The fluorine-contained resin is a polymer or copolymer having a fluorine-contained monomer as its structural units and is preferably soluble in solvent.

Abstract: New spirodipyrans of the formula ##STR1## in which A is an optionally substituted benzene or naphthalene nucleus, B is dimethylene, trimethylene or tetramethylene substituted by from 1 to 3 alkyl groups and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by cyano. The compounds (I) give deep blue to violet colorations with acid materials. They may be used for the manufacture of pressure-sensitive recording materials. The compounds (I) exhibit improved solubility in the solvents used for the manufacture of microcapsules.

Abstract: An imaging method is disclosed comprising providing an imaging member comprising a first layer of softenable material containing migration material overlying a second layer of softenable material which is substantially free of migration material wherein at least one of the layers of softenable material contains a surface skin located at the interface between the layer of softenable material. This member is latently imaged and developed by softening whereby the migration material migrates through the first layer of softenable material and the interface, where the surface skin is located, and in depth in the second layer of softenable material thereby forming an imaged member. Background of the migration material is then removed from the imaged member by splitting the member at the interface thereby obtaining an image with excellent imaging properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a phenylene or naphtylene group. The invention also relates to a process for making the novel compounds of the invention and also to an electrophotographic recording material employing the novel compounds of the invention.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor for producing an electrostatic latent image on the top layer thereof which comprises from the bottom up:A. a substrateB. a layer of metallic palladium having a thickness of from 5A to 1000A,c. a layer including vitreous selenium having a thickness of from 0.05 to 3 microns andD. a top layer including polyvinyl carbazole having a recurring unit of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a member selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, aryl, alkyl aryl, amino and alkylamino.

Abstract: The electrophotographic properties of photoconductive elements sensitized by a cadmium sulfide-binder layer are improved by incorporating hydrophobic colloidal silica in the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material comprising an electrically conducting carrier and a photoconducting laminate thereon, the latter comprising a base layer and a top layer each containing an organic photoconductor, binder and sensitizer, at least one organic photoconductor being common to both of said top and base layers and the base layer containing a bisazo dyestuff.

Abstract: A photoconductive polymer, and photoconductive insulating compositions and elements containing the same, are disclosed. The aforementioned polymer is a condensation product, preferably of relatively low molecular weight, of certain tertiary aromatic amines and certain carbonyl-containing compounds.

Abstract: The amine salts of linear polyaniline compounds, including substituted polyaniline compounds, are useful, semiconductors. These materials are generally soluble in popular organic solvents and have resistivities between 10.sup..sup.-3 and 10.sup.9 ohm-cm. These compounds are useful in the formation of semiconductor compositions, including self-supporting films, and various semiconductor elements such as antistatic films and fibers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic film which is not only capable of being utilized for the same purposes as conventional xerographic and electrofax members but it also capable of being used in the same manner as silver halide emulsion photographic films, that is, with high speed cameras for universal photographic purposes.The electrophotographic film comprises a thin film coating of an inorganic, photoconductive, electronically anisotropic material one example of which is a specially sputtered cadmium sulfide bonded to a thin film layer of ohmic material which in turn is bonded to a thin, stable substrate member preferably formed of plastic sheeting. The total thickness of the photoconductive coating is about 3000 Angstroms, of the ohmic layer is about 500 Angstroms and of the substrate member is a fraction of a millimeter.

Abstract: The amine salts of linear polyaniline compounds, including substituted polyaniline compounds, are useful, semiconductors. These materials are generally soluble in popular organic solvents and have resistivities between 10.sup.-.sup.3 and 10.sup.9 ohm-cm. These compounds are useful in the formation of semiconductor compositions, including self-supporting films, and various semiconductor elements such as antistatic films and fibers.

Abstract: An imaging system comprising an imaging member including a deformable metallic layer arranged between a pair of deformable layers, at least one of which comprises an elastomer material. In operation an electrical field is established across the deformable layers to cause deformation thereof in imagewise configuration. The imaging member may include photoconductive material and may include a pair of electrodes for establishing an electrical field across the deformable layers. In one embodiment the electrodes may comprise an electrical X-Y matrix address system.

Abstract: A roller device and method for maintaining a uniform surface contact along a line of axial trangency with respect to one or more rigid cooperating surfaces having irregularities, the roller device comprising a rigid solid- or cylindrical-type core loosely circumscribed axially with a flexible sleeve, the space between the core and the sleeve being substantially equidistant and filled with a curable plastic foam material to obtain a uniform contact and nip width when in rotational contact with a cooperating surface.

Abstract: Process for preparing photographic materials yielding on imagewise exposure to radiation a direct positive image is provided, which comprises the deposition of a thin layer of catalytically active metal onto a carrier base on the surface of which has been deposited an intermediate adhesive layer or surface filled by the deposition thereon and in direct contact therewith of a second thin layer of a photosensitive inorganic compound capable of reacting catalytically with the metal layer when activated upon exposure to radiation, so that the metal layer is destroyed on the illuminated areas but remains intact on the nonilluminated areas of the photographic material, creating in this way a direct positive metal image, capable of being stabilized and intensified.

Abstract: CdS for electrophotography is produced by contacting sulfide ion, cadmium ion and a donor impurity of Group IIIa or IIIb of the Periodic Table and firing the resulting CdS. An acceptor impurity may be added to the first step or the second step.

Abstract: A deformation imaging system including an imaging member comprising a layer of a surface deformable material, a layer of an elastomer material, and means for establishing an imagewise electrical field across at least the surface deformable material layer and/or the elastomer layer. Embodiments wherein the surface deformable material layer and the elastomer layer are adjacent each other and embodiments wherein these layers are separated from each other are described. Various techniques for subjecting the imaging members to an electrical field and imaging methods utilizing the imaging members are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoconductive target for a vidicon-type camera tube, which includes a layer of polycrystalline selenium, is exposed to a diffusion cycle wherein the temperature is gradually increased from an initial baking temperature of about 50.degree. C. to a final baking temperature of about 150.degree. C. at a rate of about 5.degree. C. per minute. Thereafter the target is baked at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. for about 16 hours in oxygen to substantially reduce the dark current of the target.

Abstract: A durable photoreceptor having improved flexibility comprising a metal- or metal-coated flexible substrate and an inorganic photoconductor layer in charge blocking contact, the photoreceptor being obtained by initially bombarding the metal substrate, as cathode, with positive ions of an inert gas of low ionization potential under glow discharge in the presence of oxygen; and exposing the resulting oxide-coated substrate to a vapor cloud of photoconductor material consisting essentially of charged and uncharged material in an electrical field, utilizing the metal substrate as a cathode and a donor of said vapor cloud of photoconductor material or container thereof as an anode, the latter step being effected in combination with at least part of the initial bombardment step.

Abstract: A deformation imaging system including an imaging member comprising a layer of a surface deformable material, a layer of an elastomer material, and means for establishing an imagewise electrical field across at least the surface deformable material layer and/or the elastomer layer. Embodiments wherein the surface deformable material layer and the elastomer layer are adjacent each other and embodiments wherein these layers are separated from each other are described. Various techniques for subjecting the imaging members to an electrical field and imaging methods utilizing the imaging members are also disclosed.

Abstract: A specific class of crystalline organic pigments having the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN N IS 1 OR 2; X consists of the atoms necessary to complete a naphthalene, anthracene, or ##STR2## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, NO.sub.2, alkyl, SO.sub.3 H or alkali metal salts thereof, and COOH or alkali metal salts thereof; and wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can comprise the atoms necessary to complete a phenyl, naphthyl or anthryl ring; and R is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## or COOM wherein M is alkyl or an alkali or alkaline earth metal is useful as sensitizers for photoconductive compositions in electrophotographic processes.

Abstract: Method for in situ preparation of photoconductive composite having an electronically active hole transport layer, an electronically active electron transport layer and a layer of charge transfer complex sandwiched therebetween. According to this method, a film containing either an electron donor or an electron acceptor is initially formed directly on a supportive (preferably conductive) substrate. After this film has been allowed to set, a second film is solvent coated on the previously formed film. The solvent used in preparation of the second film causes softening of the previously formed layer which permits interaction of an electron acceptor or an electronic donor in the casting solvent with an electron acceptor or an electron donor of the previously formed layer, thereby forming a charge transfer complex at the interface of these two films. Only a portion of the donor and acceptor interact along this common boundary during the formation of the photoconductive composite.

Abstract: There are described novel yellow compounds which are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## The compounds may be used for various applications and preferably are utilized as imaging particles in the photoelectrophoretic imaging method.

Abstract: A method and device for obtaining uniform vapor deposition of one or more inorganic metallic photoconductive materials onto a substrate by importing under vacuum a slow translational movement of one or more heated crucibles and/or of the substrate being coated.

Abstract: A photoreceptor used in xerographic imaging process and normally including a photoconductive layer comprising a mixture of photoconductive particles dispersed throughout the layer with resinous binder material is joined by bonding to a conductive base layer through an intermediate layer which provides a charge carrier injecting interface between the photoconductive particles and the base layer. The charge carrier interface is obtained by forming the intermediate layer from high mass conductive particles dispersed within an insulating resinous material, and causing photoconductive particles in the photoconductor layer to contact conductive particles in the intermediate layer along the bond interface. The conductive particles are selected so as to have available charge carriers at suitable energy levels whereby the photoconductor to conductor particle contact points form individual charge carrier injection contacts which permit certain xerographic imaging processes to be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive material for use in electrophotographic processes requiring at least two stages of charging which is superior in sensitivity, durability and hydrophilicity, said photosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate on which there is (1) a photoconductive layer containing an inorganic photoconductive substance and an inorganic glass and (2) a transparent insulating layer which is an inorganic glass, and may include a protective thin layer of a metal oxide.

Abstract: A method of forming an imaging member consisting essentially of (a) preparing a photoconductive layer comprising a block copolymer which exhibits a lamellar morphology, said copolymer having lamellae of at least 2 phases, one phase comprising a photoconductive material and the other phase an elastomeric material, with said lamellae being disposed in a direction substantially normal to the horizontal plane of said layer and (b) placing said layer upon a conductive substrate.

Abstract: A process for image reproduction comprises the steps of contacting a charge blocking surface on a photoreceptive body with a developer material containing charged toner particles, providing an electric field of predetermined polarity between the photoreceptor and a transfer medium for attracting the toner particles toward the photoreceptor surface, subjecting the photoreceptor to activating radiation in image configuration for inducing an electrostatic charge pattern in image configuration on the photoreceptor near an interface between the blocking layer and the developer material and providing an electric field of opposite polarity between the photoreceptor and the transfer medium for transferring the toner particles in image configuration to the transfer medium. Automated copying apparatus and photographic apparatus in accordance with features of the invention are provided.

Abstract: An imaging method is disclosed comprising providing an imaging member comprising a first layer of softenable material containing migration material overlying a second layer of softenable material which is substantially free of migration material wherein at least one of the layers of softenable material contains a surface skin located at the interface between the layer of softenable material. This member is latently imaged and developed by softening whereby the migration material migrates through the first layer of softenable material and the interface, where the surface skin is located, and in depth in the second layer of softenable material thereby forming an imaged member. Background of the migration material is then removed from the imaged member by splitting the member at the interface thereby obtaining an image with excellent imaging properties.

Abstract: A durable photoreceptor having improved flexibility comprising a metal- or metal-coated flexible substrate and an inorganic photoconductor layer in charge blocking contact, the photoreceptor being obtained by initially bombarding the metal substrate, as an electrode, with both negative and positive ions of a non-metallic gas of low ionization potential under AC glow discharge in the presence of oxygen; and exposing the resulting oxidized substrate to a vapor cloud of inorganic ambipolar photoconductive material consisting essentially of positively and negatively charged and uncharged photoconductive material in a low frequency AC electrical field, utilizing the substrate as one electrode, a source of said vapor cloud of photoconductive material or adjacent structure as the other electrode, the latter functional step being effected in combination with at least part of the initial bombardment step.

Abstract: Migration material dispersed throughout a softenable layer is caused to imagewise selectively migrate to at least locations in depth in the softenable layer, by (A) subjecting said migration material to an imagewise migration force and changing the resistance of said softenable layer, to migration of migration material or by (B) subjecting said migration material to a migration force and imagewise changing the resistance of said softenable layer to migration of migration material.

Abstract: Method for achieving free radical initiated copolymerization of an addition monomer having pendant therefrom a strong donor group with an addition monomer having pendant therefrom a strong acceptor group. Copolymers prepared according to this method can be represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl;R' is hydrogen or methyl;R" is hydrogen or methyl;R'" is alkyl of 1-10 carbon atoms;R'.sup.v is selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, halogen, --CN and --CF.sub.3 ;X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl or 1-4 carbon atoms and phenyl;Z is oxygen or dicyanomethylene;a and b can range from 0-4; andn and m can range from about 5 to about 95 percent.The polymeric compositions prepared according to this method are suitable for use in electrophotography either alone as the primary photoresponsive entity or in combination with other photoconductive materials.

Abstract: Photoconductive and radioconductive insulating compositions of desirably low dark conductivity and improved resistance to fatigue include tetragonal lead oxide, a binder of polyvinylacetate, polyvinylformal and/or polyvinylbutyral and a small effective amount of an anhydride capable of inhibiting dark conductivity in the composition, particularly under repeated use. Preferred anhydrides are phthalic and maleic anhydrides in an amount of less than about 4 percent of the weight of lead oxide in the composition. Such compositions can be carried on an electrically conductive support to provide elements that are useful for electrophotographic and electroradiographic imaging.

Abstract: Photoconductive waterless lithographic printing masters are provided having particle-to-particle contact of photoconductive material by placing a heterogeneous copolymer having an abhesive species and an imaging material adhesive species, in a solvent in which at least one of said species can be preferentially dissolved, preferentially dissolving one of said species and forming a suspension of photoconductive material in said soluble species, and coating the suspension on a suitable master substrate, allowing the solvent to evaporate, imaging the material with an ink accepting particulate imaging material in image configuration, and fusing the particulate imaging material to the coated master substrate while preferably effecting a phase inversion between the two species of the heterogeneous copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel overcoating material for electrostatographic photoreceptors. The composition comprises an organic, crosslinkable, polymeric composition having dispersed therein a particulate, wax-like, normally solid, low molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene telomer. Application of the composition to an electrostatographic photoreceptor to form a thin uniform layer results in improvement in copy quality and reduction in surface friction of the device. When the photoreceptor employs a selenium/arsenic alloy as the photoconductor, print deletions normally associated with the photoconductor are eliminated.

Abstract: Colorant materials which exhibits useful levels of electrical photosensitivity are disclosed. These materials have the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN N REPRESENTS 0 OR 1,m represents 1 or 2,Ar represents an aromatic group,A represents an alkylene group,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken together, represent an alkylene group,R.sup.1, r.sup. 4, r.sup.5, and R.sup.6, when taken alone, each represent hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen, or one of various specified organo groups, andR.sup.2, when taken alone, represents hydrogen, an aromatic or an alkyl group.

Abstract: 3-Bromo-N-2"-pyridyl-8,13-dioxodinaphtho-(2,1-b;2',3'-d)-furan-6-carboxamid e is described as a new composition of matter along with its use in electrophotographic and photoelectrophoretic imaging processes.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium comprising a conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an electrically alterable layer of a linear, low molecular weight hydrocarbon polymer has improved fatigue resistance. An acrylic barrier layer can be interposed between the photoconductive and electrically alterable layers.

Abstract: A novel photosensitive member is disclosed which is suitable for the formation of images on the exterior surfaces of structures such as buildings and ships which comprises a combination of a substrate member and photosensitive layer with both opaque and adhesive layers to provide for attachment of the member to the surface of the structure as well as the imaging thereof under outdoor conditions.

Abstract: A stable, aqueous composition comprising an electroconductive resin, e.g., poly (vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), and a latex of an organic polymer stabilized by cationic moiety is applied as a coating to a non-conductive substrate such as paper or a plastic film to provide an article having decreased surface electrical resistivity and increased resistance to organic solvents. Such compositions are particularly useful in the manufacture of electrographic printing papers.

Abstract: In the fabrication of an electrophotographic recording material of the type composed of selenium, selenium compounds, or alloys with selenium, the method is simplified by initially vapor-depositing the photoconductive recording material onto a carrier at a temperature below the glass transformation temperature, and then heating the recording material to a higher second temperature range between the glass transformation temperature and a temperature just below that at which the electrophotographic properties of the recording material begin to change.

Abstract: A method of overcoating a conductive polymer support with an aqueous-based polymer coating comprises crosslinking the conductive polymer with hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate prior to overcoating. An electrophotographic element can be prepared by coating a support with a conductive layer comprising a conductive polymer crosslinked with hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (polysilicic acid) and overcoating with an aqueous-based layer of an electrically insulating polymer containing a photoconductor.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer comprises (a) at least one heterocyclic photochromic spiropyrane which can exist in a closed or open structure, the closed structure being converted to the open structure on irradiation with ultra-violet light, and the open structure being reconverted to the closed structure on irradiation with visible light, (b) at least one ortho-substituted nitrogen-containing thioether, and (c) at least one reagent capable of developing a latent image produced in the layer. In use of the layer, it is exposed to ultra-violet or visible light, and after exposure the layer is heated to cause conversion of the thioether to a thione at those areas of the layer in which spiropyrane in the open form is present: the spiropyrane in the open form catalyzing the conversion of thioether to thione and thereby amplifying the latent image produced on irradiation of the layer. The thione produced then reacts with the developing reagent to form a visible image.

Abstract: A novel electroconductive material comprising a copolymer of (A) 30 to 90 % by mole of styrenesulfonic acid salt and (B) 70 to 10 % by mole of at least one of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates having an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile or a copolymer of (A) 40 to 70 % by mole of styrenesulfonic acid salt, (B) 5 to 20 % by mole of at least one of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates having an alkyl group of 4 to 10 carbon atoms and (C) 10 to 55 % by mole of at least one of styrene, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile and alkyl acrylates having an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The electroconductive material has a superior solvent-resistance and antiblocking property as well as electroconductivity and is useful for an electroconductive, photoconductive and other related copying systems.

Abstract: A reversal migration imaging system comprising erasing imaged migration imaging members and fabricating, layer configuration migration imaging members is disclosed.

Abstract: A photoconductive iodinated poly(vinyl carbazole) having a mole ratio of iodine to vinyl carbazole between 0.05 and 0.9. The iodinated poly(vinyl carbazole) is used to form a photoconductive layer or coating on a substrate such as a transparent substrate or paper. The iodinated poly(vinyl carbazole) is formed by reacting a slurry of poly(vinyl carbazole) having a high surface area, typically above about 10 m.sup.2 /gram, with a source of iodide and of iodate ions.