Abstract: The dielectric composition contains a mixture of a ceramic composition containing BaaREbTicO3, wherein RE represents a rare earth element, with 0.05?a?0.25, 0.525?b?0.70, 0.85?c?1.0, and 2a+3b+4c=6, and free from lead and bismuth, a glass composition, and a metal oxide. The glass composition preferably contains ZnO or MgO, SiO2, and at least 10% by weight of Li2O or TiO2. Preferably, the alkaline earth metal oxide is MgO. By preference, the glass composition essentially consists of 50–80% weight of SiO2, 5–25% weight of MgO, and optionally another alkaline earth metal oxide, and 10–25% by weight of Li2O, and is substantially free from boron. The dielectric composition can be sintered in the presence of Cu electrodes at a temperature below the melting point of Cu so as to manufacture an electronic device such as a ceramic multilayer element. After sintering, the dielectric composition has a relative dielectric constant of at least 55.

Abstract: A DC—DC converter with an inductor (L) and a switch (S1, S2) comprises an averaging circuit (2) which generates an average correction signal (ACS) representative for the difference of the peak current (IPEAK) and the actual average current (IAVE) through the inductor (L). A controller (2, 3, 4) controls the output voltage (VOUT) of the DC—DC converter based on regulating the duty-cycle of the switch (S1, S2) dependent on a sense signal (SES) passing a reference current level (RPCS), as in prior art peak current or valley current controlled DC—DC converters, but now using a reference current level (RPCS) that is also based on the average correction signal (ACS) and not only on the output voltage (VOUT). This enables the converter to control the output voltage (VOUT) more precisely.

Abstract: A wireless terminal having a dual band antenna arrangement which comprises a planar inverted-F antenna (10) having a first (12) for signals in a first, lower frequency band, for example the GSM band, a second feed (14) for signals in a second, higher frequency band, for example the DCS band, and a ground pin (16). A first coupling stage (26A) couples the transmit and receive paths of a first transceiver (GSM) to the first feed and a second coupling stage (26B) couples the transmit and receive paths of a second transceiver (DCS) to the second feed. Each of the first and second coupling stages comprise a quarter wavelength transmission line (50A, 50B) having a first end coupled to the respective transmit signal path and a second end coupled by band pass filter (52A, 52B) to the respective receive signal path.

Abstract: A specific cyclic sequence of frequencies for use as a carrier hop sequence by a mobile station in a mobile radio communication system is chosen from a list of usable frequencies by means of a sequence of indices derived from the unique identifier of the mobile station. The indices are used to indicate respective positions in the list and hence to choose a succession of frequencies to make up one cycle of the cyclic sequence. The list is updated between successive choices of a frequency therefrom, making it possible to ensure, by appropriate exclusions from the list each time, that the succession of frequencies chosen satisfies predetermined constraints such as minimum hop distance and minimum stay-away time, either absolutely or to the maximum extent possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital-to-analog converter for converting a digital value into an analog quantity, said converter comprising current sources switched as a function of said digital value in order to generate an output current reflecting the value of said analog quantity. The converter comprises means of generating a correction current added to said output current, said correction current comprising a component proportional to the square of said output current. Use: Digital-to-analog converter.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electronic devices, in particular, but not exclusively, semiconductor devices, and apparatus for carrying out such a method, in which method wafers 1, which are provided at a surface 2 with a material 3 to be removed, are subjected, while being divided into successive batches, to a wet treatment in a bath 4 containing a solution 5 of an active component in a solvent. The successive batches of wafers 1 are immersed in the solution 5 at first time intervals during the wet treatment of the successive batches, which first time intervals each consist of a processing period during which the material 3 is removed from the surface 2 of the wafers 1, thereby forming ionic components, and a waiting period following the removal of the wafers 1 from the bath 4 at the end of the processing period.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synchronous TDD system for the transmission of speech and/or data between a master unit (FP) and at least two slave units (PP1, PP2) which are associated with the master unit (FP), and also to a method to be carried out by such a system. In order to enable direct communication between the slave units (PP1, PP2) of the same system despite the regular transmission of synchronization signals to the slave units (PP1, PP2) by the master unit (FP), according to the invention the slave units (PP1, PP2) are rendered ready to receive in fixed time slots in a frequency channel which is not used by the master unit (FP) in these time slots. In these time slots the slave units (PP1, PP2) can receive signals from other slave units (PP1, PP2) of the system in order to initiate a communication between themselves.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes at least one adapter circuit (10). which amplifies an analog input signal of a low current (Ii) by an amplification factor (n) into a particularly analog output signal of a higher current (Io). The adapter circuit includes an input, which corresponds to a range of low voltages (Ui); an output (18), which corresponds to a range of higher voltages (Uo); at least one npn transistor current mirror (14); and at least one pnp transistor current mirror (16) arranged in series with the npn transistor current mirror (14), and connected to at least one high voltage source (30), wherein the at least one pnp transistor current mirror amplifies the input signal, which is received from the at least one npn transistor current mirror.

Abstract: In a display device comprising a first substrate having at least one transparent, first picture electrode of a first material, a second substrate comprising at least one second picture electrode of a second material which, jointly with the picture electrode on the first substrate and an intermediate opto-electronic material, defines a pixel, and means for supplying electric voltages to the picture electrodes, the work function between the two picture electrodes is decreased in that at least one of the picture electrodes is coated with at least one layer of conducting material, or a layer of a material comprising a dipole.

Abstract: A current mirror divides an input source voltage dynamically, to provide a controlled voltage that corresponds to an output load voltage. The correspondence between this controlled voltage and the output load voltage determines the correspondence between the output current and the input current. By dynamically adjusting the controlled voltage, the correspondence to the output load voltage can be maintained to very low voltage. Preferably, the output load voltage is also dynamically divided to provide a comparison voltage for comparing to the controlled voltage when the output load voltage is high, thereby providing the appropriate output current at high voltage levels. The combination of these two techniques provides a wide output voltage compliance, and a high output impedance.

Abstract: A radio system (10) and radio system (1, 2) in which the value of parameters for a model of a received multipath signal transmitted by a remote station (20) are estimated. A sounding signal transmitted and received by the radio station is used to derive data about the reflecting environment and this data is incorporated into the model after scaling it to represent the multipath signal received from a remote station. Optionally or alternatively the remote station may transmit a sounding signal and derive data about its reflecting environment and transmit this data to the radio station, The model may incorporate both sets of derived data, particularly if they are uncorrelated. The values of the resulting parameters are exploited in applications such as ranging, location or equalization.

Abstract: The electronic device (100) comprises a body (20) with a cavity (30) wherein a semiconductor element (10) and a thermally conductive layer (33) are present. The cavity (30) is filled with an encapsulation (35) of an electrically insulating material wherein contact faces (47, 48) are mechanically anchored.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the log-likelihood ratio of a received signal. The log-likelihood ratio is determined by calculating distance between the received symbol and closest constellation point matching a bit and the distance between the received symbol and the closest constellation point not matching the bit.

Abstract: A mobile device (MS) is disclosed comprising a GPS receiver (14) and an audible alarm (13, 15) configured to sound, during operation of the GPS receiver, in response to either adverse performance of the GPS receiver or to an event which is adverse or likely to be adverse to the performance of the GPS receiver. The alarm may sound in response to the inability of the GPS receiver to either acquire or track a GPS signal, or obtain or maintain a position fix. Also, the alarm may sound in response to movement of the GPS receiver, including acceleration and higher order movement of the GPS receiver, in so far as that movement is adverse to the performance of the GPS receiver.

Abstract: This digital camera comprises a lens system (5) for focusing the image of a subject (10) on a sensitive plate (7), a control system formed, inter alia, by a motor (8) that act on the lens system to ensure a sharp image of the subject on the sensitive plate. To obtain this clarity of the subject on the plate, a first high-pass image filter (18) is used and a first low-pass image filter (15). As these filters also form part of the digital processing of image compression for recording the images, few additional means are to be provided for the automatic focusing that yields the clarity.

Abstract: A RF power amplifier circuit has at least one power transistor and a protection circuit protecting the power transistor against high voltages that lead to a destructive breakdown of the transistor. The circuit comprises a power transistor (2), a biasing circuit (6) biasing the power transistor; a peak detector (8) measuring the output voltage of the power transistor; and a comparator circuit (12) connected to the peak detector (8) and designed to reduce the base current of the power transistor (2) when controlled by the peak detector (8).

Abstract: A common mode voltage generating circuit has a first and a second output terminal (O1, O2) to supply a common mode voltage (Vcm) to a differential output of an amplifier stage (AMP). A first FET (T1) and a second FET (T2) have interconnected drains, and both have a source coupled to a supply terminal (Vss). A third FET (T3) has a source coupled to the drain of T1, a drain coupled to O1 and to a gate of T1. A fourth FET (T4) has a source coupled to a drain of T2, a drain coupled to O2 and to a gate of T2. A fifth FET (T5) has a gate for receiving a first reference voltage (VI), and a sixth FET (T6) has a source coupled to the drain of T5, a drain receiving a current (2I) from a current source (CS4), wherein the drain and the gate of T6 are interconnected. T3, T4 and T6 have interconnected gates and are biased to operate in their saturation region. T1, T2 and T5 are biased to operate in their linear regions.

Abstract: In an impedance matching circuit for a multi-band radio frequency device, a first radio frequency signal in a first sub-band of a multi-band radio frequency signal is selectively outputted. Further, a second radio frequency signal in a second sub-band of the multi-band radio frequency signal is selectively outputted. Selective outputting is done through partly shared and partly non-shared reactive elements, without the need to switch reactive elements.

Abstract: A reset arrangement for a microcontroller and/or further hardware circuits to be reset should be optimally adaptable to the requirements of the microcontroller and/or the hardware circuits. To this end, the reset arrangement is formed in such a way that it is capable of applying a reset signal to the microcontroller via a reset line, supplies a first reset signal upon a system cold start of the reset arrangement and the microcontroller, the duration of this first reset signal being chosen to be such that any provided type of microcontroller starts reliably, is programmed with a second reset signal after a system cold start of the microcontroller, the duration of this second reset signal being adapted to the requirements of the microcontroller, and supplies the second, programmed reset signal as a reset signal at subsequent cold or hot starts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating between a plurality of asynchronous transmitting and receiving systems using digital streams arranged in multiple access frames comprises a master system, which cycles a counter using a clock reference to generate a master count, and uses the master count to establish a master frame count. A slave system cycles a counter using a clock reference to generate a main count, and uses the main count to establish a main frame count. From a difference between the master frame count and the main frame count of the slave system, a frame count offset value is determined. A slave frame count for the slave system is then established by adding the offset value to the main frame count, and thereby aligning the slave frame count of the slave system with the master frame count and incrementing the slave frame count when the main count is incremented.