Abstract: A process on a single insulating substrate for depositing in succession a thin layer of tantalium with high resistivity doped with nitrogen and oxygen, a less thin layer of titanium with low resistivity doped with nitrogen, a layer of palladium and a thick layer of gold. Selective chemical attacks of said layers then permit tracing of conducting lines, resistive lines with greater resistance and resistive lines with less resistance.

Abstract: In a circuit configuration for clock-controlled time division multiplex telecommunications switching installations, including PCM telephone switching installations with central switching network and connected subswitching networks, line groups are connected to a central switching network via time division multiplex lines and have one subswitching network and one group control unit each are pairwise assigned to each other. Line units which are individually assigned to the one or the other of two line groups are, in normal operation, connected to the subswitching network of their own line group and can be changed over to the subswitching network of the particular other line group in standby operation. In the line units, equalizing memorys are provided in duplicate and, specifically, in each instance for the message stream to and from line group-common subswitching network, on the one hand, and for the message stream to and from the subswitching network of the particular partner line group.

Abstract: A differential voltage comparator for driving a digital logic gate includes a differential amplifier stage for receiving V.sub.IN and NOT V.sub.IN input signals, a left voltage level shifter for shifting the output of the left side of the differential amplifier by a predetermined voltage, and a differential current source for the differential amplifier biased on one side by the left voltage level shifter and on its other side by a reference voltage. An output voltage level shifter shifts down the output voltage from the differential comparator by a predetermined amount; and applied the shifted voltage to an output terminal. Transistors in the differential current source are matched to transistors in the digital logic gate being driven for providing an offset in the differential current source; the latter along with equating the shift down voltage of the left voltage level shifter to the sum of the reference voltage and output shift down voltage, ensures that when V.sub.IN is equal to NOT V.sub.

Abstract: A program, consisting of data and a plurality of successive operations on the data, is executed on a distributed heterogeneous multiple computer system having a plurality of autonomous nodes each including a processor and associated memory. A control arrangement initiates execution of the program on a first autonomous node in the multiple computer system. A coupling arrangement transfers execution of the program to a second autonomous node in the multiple computer system in response to one of the successive operations in the program.

Abstract: In a method for processing incoming code words that are accompanied by parity bits and that, in the course of being transmitted, undergo a digital attenuation and/or a code conversion for generating further code words that are to be transmitted, the code words and the parity bits are subjected to parity tests for indicating whether parity errors exist prior to the performance of the digital attenuation and/or code conversion. Then, for each of the further code words a further parity bit is generated that is also to be transmitted, but that is inverted, if the parity test of a corresponding code word has shown that a parity error exists.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the presence of a gas in an ambient atmosphere comprises a multiple quantum well structure; a thin layer of a transition metal formed on the multiple quantum well structure; and an arrangement for monitoring the transmission of electromagnetic radiation sent through the multiple quantum well structure and reflected back therethrough by the thin layer.

Abstract: A radar system, such as a tracking radar installation or other radar installation which is of the pulse compression type, transmits data during transmission of the radar signal. The data is transmitted by inserting, into the radar signal, at least one short nonpulse interval. The position of the nonpulse interval within the radar pulse can be modulated.

Abstract: An attenuation network comprises a T or a .pi. network and first and second regulating circuits for controlling it. The T or .pi. network has at least two variable resistances. A switch S1 permits selection of a desired attenuation value which is set through the operation of the second regulating circuit on the T or .pi. network, while the first regulating circuit acts on the T or .pi. network such that its input and output resistances are kept constant.

Abstract: An equalizer arrangement is used in a digital signal receiving system for the equalization of digital signals received in analog form and transmitted through an analog/digital converter, which have been distorted by a precursor and postcursor effects of previously transmitted or subsequent digital signals. The equalizer arrangement has a precursor equalizer followed by a postcursor equalizer connected with it.

Abstract: Data are error protected; dual memory control is utilized. From one memory control only write-in data are transmitted in addition to address and control signals; from the other memory control only control data is transmitted. In the first case they are inputted into the user data segment of a segmented memory, while in the second case, they are inputted into the control data segment of the memory from whence they are both included into the data check. Thereby, address errors may also be recognized.

Abstract: A diode plug-in component for a contact strip includes a housing having contact elements, at least one locking flat plug receptacle and longitudinal holes whose openings are arranged on the surface facing the contact strip. A plurality of diodes are arranged in the housing and are connected in an electrically conductive fashion with the contact elements. To assure a plug-in connection, the arrangement of the flat plug receptacle and the contact elements to each other corresponds to the arrangement of a flat plug and the plug contacts to each other.

Abstract: For conversion of digital signals received in analog form, scanning samples of these digital signals are sent to a digital signal receiving unit at intervals fixed by the occurrence of the scanning clock pulses after an analog-digital conversion. The respective digital signal receiving unit then supplies the phase control signals derived from the received digital signals. After filtering, these phase control signals are sent at given intervals to a clock generator for delivering the scanning clock pulses. The phase control signals are filtered in the formTa(i)=a1(Te(i)-a2 Te(i-1))+a3 Ta(i-1)where a1, a2 and a3 are filter coefficients, Ta(i) and Ta(i-1) are filtered phase control signals at the times i and (i-1) and Te(i) and Te(i-1) are phase control signals made available at the times i and (i-1). The filtered phase control signals are then sent to the clock generator in quantized form.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizing device generates periodic electrical oscillations of a frequency that can be arbitrarily determined, in which, after changing the frequency and resetting it to any desired value that has previously been generated, phase coherence is maintained. In addition to the elements of a direct digital frequency synthesizing device, the arrangement according to the invention has a time measuring unit (ZME) and a control logic (SL). The time measuring unit (ZME) periodically counts through a time interval from t=0 to t=t.sub.z and transmits the count status or a time signal to the computing system (R). The frequencies f.sub.i to be emitted and the time interval from t=0 to t=t.sub.z are chosen in such a manner that the phases of all the frequencies f.sub.i take on a constant value at the time t=0. This makes it possible to compute the coherent starting phase .phi..sub.N, so that the new frequency f.sub.N can be generated, with phase coherence, as of the time t.sub.

Abstract: A control unit of a subscriber line termination module has access via a programmable interface to the transmitting and receiving arms of a time division multiplex line connected to the switching network. At intervals which are long in relation to the pulse frame length, during the course of existing connections, PCM-words which occur N-times on the receiving arm and, in each case following a reflection time, during a plurality of pulse frames, a plurality of PCM-words occurring on the transmitting arm are received, subjected to amplitude evaluation and, if recognized as valid, subjected to cross-correlation. The result of the cross-correlation provides a control value for the dummy impedance.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement for telecommunications exchanges, including PCM time division multiplex telephone exchanges with a central switching array and connected subordinate switching arrays, line terminal groups connected to a central switching network by way of link connections where each line terminal group has its own subordinate switching array and a group control unit are arranged in pairs. Within each line terminal group, there is terminal equipment for connection of outside lines on the one hand, and on the other hand link terminating circuits for the link connections to the central switching array can also be switched from the subordinate switching array of the respective line terminal group to that of the partner line terminal group. Terminal equipment and link terminating circuits as well a subordinate control units with subordinate switching arrays are equipped with three internal power supply systems and three internal clock pulse supply systems per line terminal group.

Abstract: An adaptive transmission line stage, in an analog electronic cochlea including a plurality of serially coupled transmission line stages, comprises an input terminal, an output terminal, a control terminal and means for coupling the output terminal to the control terminal.

Abstract: A network is synchronized by a hierarchical adjustment and the individual exchanges are equipped with frequency monitors for the reference frequencies that synchronize them, which, when activated, switch the center to another reference frequency or change it to the hold-over mode. When one of these exchanges is resynchronized, the rate-of-change of its reference frequency output signal of its central clock pulse generator is limited so that no frequency alarms are triggered in downstream exchanges synchronized by this exchange.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizing device comprises two reference frequency generators RG1 and RG2, an offset stage OS and a phase-locked loop PLL. In the phase-locked loop, which operates as a tracking filter, the output frequency fs.sub.A is generated by the addition of the frequencies f.sub.RG1 and f.sub.OS. The output frequency fs.sub.A has a very high spectral purity, since all interfering spurious signals are blocked by the tracking filter. By a proper selection of the reference frequencies f.sub.RG1, f.sub.RG2 and f.sub.OR, it is ensured that all interfering spurious signals lie outside the bandwidth B.sub.TF of the tracking filter and are accordingly blocked. As a result, it is not necessary to filter the signals S.sub.RG1, S.sub.RG2 and S.sub.OS.

Abstract: An image suppression harmonic frequency converter capable of operating in any microwave range is described. Frequency conversion is obtained by making use of a local frequency which is half that of a conventional converter. In particular, the radiofrequency reception signal is converted into an intermediate frequency signal with suppression of the converted image band. Similarly, the intermediate frequency signal to be transmitted is converted into a single side band radiofrequency transmission signal. The converter comprises two harmonic mixers, a first inquadrature radiofrequency hybrid coupler, a second in-quadrature intermediate frequency hybrid coupler, two appropriate duplexer filters, two low-pass filters, two matching circuits, and two decoupling circuits.

Abstract: The establishment of connections between two subscriber or trunk locations or line terminating groups (TG1 . . . TGm) in a communication switching system in which the individual subscriber or trunk locations or line terminating groups are interconnected on a ring-shaped bus arrangement (BUS 0, BUS 1) are carried out through the application of two computers (SB1 . . . SBn) one of which interacts with or serves the calling subscriber location or line terminating group while the second computer interacts with or serves the subscriber location or line terminating group being called. The transmission of communications signals between subscriber locations or line terminating groups occurs through only one of the two computers.