Abstract: A process for controlling both fireside ash deposits and corrosion, and fouling, corrosion, and emissions due to SO3 formation within a fossil-fuel-fired combustion system, such as a furnace forming part of an electrical power generating plant. A solution of a soluble magnesium compound, which can be derived from wastes, such as the bleed stream from the power plant's SO2 scrubber, is injected into the combustion products within the furnace in the form of a fine spray and at a point at which the temperature is sufficiently high to produce submicron-size MgO particles. The SO3 reacts with the MgO particles to form MgSO4. Insoluble magnesium compounds can be added to the solution to produce larger (micron sized) MgO particles on thermal decomposition. The micron-sized MgO particles are deposited on furnace surfaces to reduce ash deposits and to reduce catalytic generation of SO3. The boiler wastes can be reacted with other industrial process waste products to provide marketable chemicals.

Abstract: A method of producing a single-phase composition Mn+1AzXn, primarily the production of the single-phase material Ti3SiC2, where n lies within a range of 0.8-3.2, where z lies within a range of 0.8-1.2, where M is at least one metal taken from the group of metals Ti (titanium), Sc (scandium), V (vanadium), Cr (chromium), Zr (zirconium), Nb (niobium) and Ta (tantalum), where X is at least one of the non-metals C (carbon) and N nitrogen), and where A is at least one of the chemical elements Si (silicon), Al (aluminum) and Sn (tin) or a compound of those elements, such that the final, desired compound will include the components Mn+1AzXn. A powder mixture of the components is formed and is ignited under an inert atmosphere to prevent promotion of dissociation and to cause the components to react.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a torque and for operating a motor vehicle having a drive motor with an automated or automatic transmission in the drive train. A driver-identifying lock recognition system, as well as a transmission control unit that includes a memory function for storing driver-related parameters, especially for improving driving comfort, are provided.

Abstract: A method of sending advertising messages in connection with a vehicle parking system in which a mobile telephone (1) is used to commence and to terminate the parking of a vehicle and in which a telephone user sends the identity of the vehicle parking zone concerned to a receiving first computer (2) belonging to said parking system, in conjunction with the commencement and the termination of vehicle parking via the mobile telephone (1), wherein the identity of the parking zone and the telephone number of the mobile telephone (1) are detected and stored in the computer.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for controlling vermin either directly or indirectly via objects giving shelter to the vermin. Cooling of the vermin is effected by providing dry snow particles by passing pressurized carbon dioxide through a nozzle directed at the vermin. Smaller and larger snow particle sizes are allocated within a selected range of sizes and velocities. Environmentally friendly and rapid control of the vermin is achieved, and an effectively functioning cooling system is provided, which, by the gradual supply of snow, executes cooling through different velocities and sizes of the snow particles. In a initial cooling phase small snow particles provide cooling by sublimating and giving off cold rapidly. Larger snow particles then penetrate through the gas barrier that is created by the sublimating small snow particles to maintain the cooling effect.

Abstract: A branched power transmission whose transmission ratio is continuously variable and that includes two planetary transmissions, each having a sun gear, a planet gear, and a ring gear, and a speed change mechanism having a pair of driven shafts. One gear of the first planetary transmission is non-rotatably connected with an input shaft and provides a rotational connection between the input shaft and the driven shafts of the speed change mechanism. One gear of the second planetary transmission is non-rotatably connected with an output shaft and provides a rotational connection between the output shaft and the driven shafts of the speed change mechanism.

Abstract: A target engine rotational speed depending at least upon the position of an accelerator pedal position and a motor vehicle speed is determined in a method for controlling the operation of a motor vehicle drive train having a drive motor and a branched power transmission with several steplessly adjustable transmission ratio regions, between which shifting takes place at a predetermined range shift transmission ratio. A transmission ratio corresponding to the target engine rotational speed and vehicle speed is determined and set, whereby the change with respect to time of the accelerator pedal position and/or the change with respect to time of the target engine rotational speed is used for determining the target engine rotational speed and is filtered when a difference between the actual transmission ratio and a transmission ratio shift range falls below a limit value.

Abstract: A disinfection reactor for disinfecting liquid, such as water from a water filtration plant, by exposing the liquid to ultraviolet light. The reactor includes a generally rectangular reactor vessel and two or more medium pressure ultraviolet lamps that extend within the reactor vessel in a direction transverse to the direction of liquid flow therethrough. The reactor vessel includes liquid guide surfaces that guide liquid to flow in a converging flow path having a reduced-area flow region in the vicinity of the ultraviolet lamps. The ultraviolet lamps are positioned spaced from and between the guide surfaces.

Abstract: A process for producing blended cement in which the cement contains Portland Cement mixed thoroughly with a microfiller, and possibly a water reducing agent, to provide a dry cement mixture, and fine supplementary cementitious materials selected from the materials blast furnace slag, fly ash, quartz, silica, amorphous silicon dioxide, limestone, and recycled concrete. The supplementary materials are first subjected to a grinding step in a dry state to a specific surface of at least 1000 cm2/g (Blaine). In a second step the ground supplementary materials are subjected to a grinding step together with at least 20% by weight of the total grinding mass of a highly reactive cement mixture in a dry state, to achieve a specific surface of at least 3000 cm2/g (Blaine).

Abstract: A method of controlling the concentration of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide in waste gases. A first lambda value (?1) of the air-fuel mixture is set to less than 1. The gases pass through a first catalyst and then through a second catalyst. The CO-concentration of the gases in the first catalyst is sufficiently high to reduce NOx to N2so that the NOx concentration is reduced to a predetermined value. Oxygen (O2) is introduced between the first catalyst and the second catalyst to oxidize both CO and HC to CO2 and H2O, to reduce the CO-concentration to a predetermined value. A second lambda value (?2) is measured in the gases downstream of the second catalyst, and a valve for regulating the air-fuel ratio is controlled so that the second lambda value (?2) lies within a predetermined range whose lower limit is higher than 1.

Abstract: A method of increasing the useful life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum silicide and alloys thereof, wherein the heating elements operate at high temperatures in heat treatment processes and generally rest against the floor and/or the ceiling of a furnace. The heating elements contain aluminum to an extent sufficient to maintain a stable, slowly growing layer of aluminum oxide on the surfaces of the heating elements, and the heating elements are placed in direct abutment with an aluminum oxide brick material.

Abstract: A method of increasing the length of life of heating elements that consist essentially of molybdenum-silicide, and alloys thereof, when the elements are operated at a low temperature, such as at a temperature ranging from 400-600° C. The heating element material contains Mo(Si1-xAlx)2, and that material contains sufficient aluminum to substantially prevent the formation of pest.

Abstract: A package for dispensing articles intended for one time use only, such as skin plasters or adhesive bandages, medicaments, and disposable handkerchiefs, where the articles are placed on top of each other, or on top of and side-by-side of each other, to form a layer of juxtaposed articles. The package includes an upper part and a lower part that is partially telescopically received within the upper part. The lower part of the package is generally rectangular in cross-section and is closed at its bottom and along its sides to form a pocket. The rear wall of the lower part connects with the front edge of a flat panel defining a top wall of the upper part. A tongue extends from the front edge of the upper part down between the respective rear wall and front wall of the lower part of the unit.

Abstract: A virtually continuously adjustable plant support system utilizing oriented, high-modulus fiber-reinforced plastic matrix composites and plastics to form a three component plant system that can be assembled into a virtually infinite array of plant support configurations. The system includes at least one stake, at least one coupling element that can be slidably received on the stake for adjustment of its position on the stake. The coupling element includes through passageways for receiving a fiber-reinforced strand that passes through the coupling elements to position the strands in a desired orientation to support a plant. The strands are flexible and have structural memory. A loop defined by a strand can be of any desired diameter, which can be readily changed as needed or desired to accommodate a particular plant configuration.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heating element operable at extremely high temperature, up 2300° C. when used in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere, and up to bout 1200° C. when used in an oxidizing atmosphere. The element is formed substantially from titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2), which is readily workable to enable it to be produced in different forms. It also has a higher mechanical strength than that of graphite heating elements.

Abstract: A system that includes a mobile communications unit, wherein an identification module is added between a radio part and an antenna in a mobile telephone that includes a Bluetooth function. The identification module includes a mixer for transposing identification messages from identification devices in a 2.45 GHz RFID system of the backscatter type, to a baseband for further processing in the computer part of the unit and optionally communication with a superordinate system by a standard call channel or a Bluetooth channel. The unit can also send information to identification devices for alerting and/or transmitting data. Modulation and encoding can be effected in accordance with the Bluetooth standard, thereby enabling the mixer to be included as an integral part of a standard Bluetooth radio.

Abstract: A method and an actuating arrangement for automatically actuating a component of a motor vehicle brake is actuated by an externally applied force and independently of an actuation of a brake pedal by the driver of the vehicle clutch actuation occurs at times when the speed of the vehicle is substantially zero, or when the vehicle rolls backward with the gearbox engaged in a forward gear, or when the vehicle rolls forward with the gearbox engaged in a reverse gear. Clutch wear and tear is thereby reduced. Additionally, the vehicle clutch can also be automatically actuated by an externally applied force, to engage or to disengage the clutch based upon predetermined operating parameters of components of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and a control system for supplying a working medium to a hydraulically-operated device. The working medium pressure is adjusted as a function of a control variable provided by a pressure control valve or a pressure reduction valve, both within a nominal working pressure range and also within a maximum working pressure range that lies between the nominal range and a system pressure value. For the same change in the control variable, the working medium pressure is changed by a greater amount in the maximum pressure range than it is in the nominal pressure range. Thus, in the nominal pressure range a precise adjustment of the working pressure can be made, and in the maximum pressure range a larger working pressure adjustment can be made to respond to suddenly increased external forces that act on the hydraulic device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a motor vehicle drive train component. The motor vehicle includes an engine control device and a clutch control device. The method and apparatus control the clutch control device and the engine control device so that they do not simultaneously control or regulate the same operating parameter of the drive train.

Abstract: A drive chain suitable for use in a continuously variable transmission of a motor vehicle, the transmission having two pairs of spaced drive members about which the chain passes to transfer torque from one drive member to the other. The chain includes a plurality of link elements that include spaced, side-by-side plate links. The plate links include openings in which pairs of parallel rocker members are disposed for relative rocking movement of at least one rocker member about its longitudinal axis. The rocker members extend outwardly beyond the plate links and are retained in position by retaining members that engage particular rocker members. A method for stretching the chain is also disclosed in which areas of some of the plate links are plastically deformed before the chain is put to use.