Abstract: A stain preventing method comprises: lining a conductive sheet on an article subjected to stain prevention; arranging an electrode member and a reference electrode in sea water; applying direct electric current using the conductive sheet as an anode and the electrode member as a cathode; allowing a current to flow while controlling a potential difference between the reference electrode and the anode to be in a certain range; and thereby giving electric shock to microorganisms which contact with the conductive sheet so as to prevent adhesion thereof. Stain prevention can be effectively carried out without generating substances harmful for life such as chlorine due to electrolysis of sea water.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and regulating waste water treatment by anaerobic fermentation by measuring enzymatic activity or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. The method provides for earlier detection of abnormal fermentation conditions and allows adjustment of controllable variables prior to the appearance of abnormal effluents.Also described is an apparatus for controlling waste water treatment by a device which continuously measures the enzyme or ATP concentration in the treated water.

Abstract: A method of producing by sputtering an In-O, Sn-O, Zn-O, Cd-Sn-O or Cd-In-O based transparent conductive film according to the present invention uses the addition of a donor element, if needed. The sputtering is carried out by maintaining an intensity of a magnetic field on a surface of a target at 600 Oe or greater as well as by charging the target with a DC electric field superimposed by an RF electric field. An apparatus for producing an In-O, Sn-O, Zn-O, Cd-Sn-O or Cd-In-O base transparent conductive film uses the addition of a donor element, if needed. The apparatus has a vacuum chamber adapted to support therein a substrate and a target in an opposed relationship for forming by sputtering the transparent conductive film on the substrate by plasma discharge generated therebetween.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is used to treat and prevent a diabetes-dependent type of autoimmune diseases, said pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 3-oxygermylpropionic acid represented by the following formula:[(O.sub.1/2).sub.3 GeCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H].sub.nwherein n stands for an integer of 1 or more, optionally with an activating carrier.

Abstract: An input system including a resistance film touch panel and a pushed position detecting device for detecting two-dimensional coordinates of a pushed position of a touch panel based on surface resistance values of resistance films, the system comprising a pair of insulating base layers opposed to each other with a certain distance therebetween; a spacer provided between the insulating base layers for keeping the layers apart but for allowing the layers to approach each other when an external force is applied to one of the layers; a first resistance film extended in first and second directions and provided on an inner surface of one of the layers, the first and second directions crossing each other perpendicularly and the first resistance film having outer connecting electrodes on both ends thereof along the second direction; and a plurality of second resistance films provided on an inner surface of the other of the layers, the second resistance films each being a lengthy strip extended in a direction crossing

Abstract: A silicon nitride layer, particularly on a silicon dioxide layer, is dry etched successfully by using an etching gas including SF.sub.6, preferably also CH.sub.2 F.sub.2. This dry etching provides a high selectivity of etching of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 to SiO.sub.2 and may be used for the LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) process to reduce the width of so-called "bird beaks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scintillation counter that includes a measuring chamber accommodated to take the sample and viewed by two photodetectors, preferably photomultipliers, that can be operated in coincidence. Associated with the chamber is an additional scintillator, preferably an inorganic crystal scintillator, optically isolated from the chamber by a light-permeable wall and mounted so that the scintillation light generated in the additional scintillator is guided predominantly only to one of the two photodetectors. A comparator is used for registering pulse amplitude disparity between the photodetectors to distinguish low-disparity, sample generated pulses and high-disparity, additional scintillator generated pulses.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optically active 2-methylenecyclopentanone derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is a protective group for hydroxyl, and the symbol * represents an asymmetric carbon atom).

Abstract: A viscous liquid damper having a damper for developing a torsion torque in between an output-side driven plate (23) and an input-side drive plate (3), and a liquid chamber located between the drive plates (3) is partitioned into front and rear divided chamber (38 & 39) in rotation direction. In order to allow absorption of vibrations of different kinds without mutual confrontation in such a damper; an outward facing projection (41) is formed on the drive plate (3), a slider (40) is mated with the drive plate (3) in such a manner as slidable in the rotation direction, a main choke (A1) is formed between the slider (40) and the projection (41), stoppers (40a) able to mate with the projection (41) are formed on circumferential both ends of the slider (40), and a sub-choke (S2) connecting the both divided chambers (38 & 39) is formed separately from the main choke (S1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin carbon plate and a process for producing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a thin carbon plate excellent in properties such as gas impermeability, mechanical strengths and the like, as well as to a process for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sheet material comprising a sheet-shaped material made of an inorganic filler other than asbestos, a rubber material and a polycarbodimide pulp, and a reinforcing material treated with a polycarbodiimide resin.The present invention further provides a process for producing a sheet material, which comprises shaping an inorganic filler other than asbestos, a rubber material and a polycarbodiimide pulp into sheet-shaped material, treating reinforcing material with a polycarbodiimide resin, laminating the sheet-shaped material and the reinforcing material, then hot-pressing them at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening point of the polycarbodiimide pulp and the polycarbodiimide resin.

Abstract: A microwave CVD apparatus comprises a rectangular applicator with microwave inlets, a bell jar with an inlet and an outlet for reaction gas arranged in the applicator, and a sample-receiving table. Reaction gas is introduced into the bell jar and plasma of the reaction gas is generated therein. At least one of walls of the applicator is movable so as to change distribution of plasma intensity continuously, so that material is uniformly deposited on the whole surface of the sample.

Abstract: An avalanche photodiode comprises a substrate, a first semiconductor layer provided on the substrate and made of a first group III-V compound semiconductor material doped to a first conductivity type for producing carriers in response to optical radiation incident to the avalanche photodiode, a second semiconductor layer provided on the first semiconductor layer and comprising a second group III-V compound semiconductor material doped to the first conductivity for causing an avalanche multiplication of the carriers, a photoreception region formed within the second semiconductor layer and doped to a second conductivity type for forming a p-n junction at an interface to the second semiconductor layer, and a guard ring formed along a lateral boundary of the photoreception region.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a first memory comprising memory cells for prestoring fixed data, a decoder for decoding an input address and for reading out a fixed data from the first memory based on a decoded input address, a second memory for storing a data identical to that prestored in a defective memory cell of the first memory, where the second memory comprising programmable non-volatile memory cells, a discriminating part including a third memory for storing a redundant address of each defective memory cell of the first memory for discriminating whether or not the input address coincides with the redundant address and for outputting a discrimination signal when the input address coincides with the redundant address, and a selecting part supplied with data read out from the first and second memories for normally outputting the data read out from the first memory and selectively outputting the data from the second memory when the discrimination signal is received from the discriminating part.

Abstract: The treatment of biological masses to produce a solid material which can be used as an agricultural fertilizer and/or conditioner includes the subjecting of the biological mass, which is in the fluid state and is composed of a solid phase and an aqueous phase, to a combined heat and chemical treatment involving heating, acidification, and chlorinating oxidation so as to dissolve insoluble metallic and non-metallic compounds in the biological mass and transfer them from the solid phase to the aqueous phase, pasteurize the micro-organisms, disinfect the mass as regards pathogenic germs, and sterilize seeds. After this combined treatment, the solid phase is separated from the aqueous phase and recovered.

Abstract: An endoscope system wherein a first electronic endoscope apparatus and second electronic endoscope apparatus are used as combined characterized in that a field sequential illuminating system forming a first electronic endoscope apparatus and a field sequential illuminating system forming a second electronic endoscope apparatus are synchronized by a synchronizing signal to make an illumination so that neither apparatus may produce such deterioration of the picture quality as the break of the color balance and a smear or the like.

Abstract: A blank feeder is disclosed having a magazine with a delivery opening at one end and accommodating flat blanks as arranged from the one end toward the other end thereof in the form of a stack. The blank feeder also has a transport device having a path of transport extending straight from the delivery opening as a starting end to a terminal end away from the opening, and a device for unfolding each of the flat blanks to a tubular form of square cross section while the blank is being transported by the transport device. The unfolding device has first and second blank unfolding claws provided at edge portions of the delivery opening so as to be individually engageable with opposite ends of the blank in the delivery opening. The first and second unfolding claws are positioned at different distances from a reference plane orthogonal to the transport path in a direction along the path.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing a composition containing an anionic surfactant by using a cationized xanthan gum, a stabilizer for the composition containing an anionic surfactant which contains a cationized xanthan gum as a component, and a anionic surfactant-containing composition stabilized by inclusion of a cationized xanthan gum.

Abstract: Inside a syringe (1) slides a plunger (2) which bears a joint (4) sliding sealingly over the internal wall of the syringe. The flexible membrane (6) of the joint (4) fixed to the end of the plunger (2) bears a closing component (25, 27) which follows the movement of deformation or displacement of the membrane through the effect of the pressure built up during the injection stage, but which is retained by immobilizing strips (17) in a position in which it opens the orifice, breaking the seal between the top and the bottom of the joint, as soon as the membrane returns to its initial position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Japanese pear tree bearing fruit with light green yellow skin, having a strong vigor, a stout shoot and a long internode, a high resistance to scab, and a high productivity. This tree produces a circular-ellipse-shaped fruit which matures early in the season, i.e., from the middle to the end of August, in the central part of the Kanto district, Japan. The fruit has a medium size and the same weight as "Chikusui", i.e., 250 to 300 g, and a yellowish white flesh which is soft, crisp and very juicy with a high Brix, the pH of the juicy being about 4.7-4.8, and little aromatic flavor, thus having an excellent dessert quality.