Abstract: A wafer battery has a light-emitting diode attached to its jacket, with one ead of the diode soldered to the battery jacket, and the other lead extending around the battery and overhanging its anode. The combination of diode and battery is encapsulated in a cover of elastomeric material, with a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side. The bezel is applied to crystal of an instrument such as a meter, gauge, or the like and illuminates the gauge when a series connection is completed between the battery and light-emitting diode by pressing the cover over the battery anode to make the light-emitting diode lead contact the anode. The bezel is small with respect to the surface area of the crystal to which it is applied, in order that is not obscure the scale, dial, or face of the instrument. An alternate embodiment has one lead of the light-emitting diode soldered to the battery anode and the other lead extending over the side of the battery jacket.

Abstract: A contact lens is made either with a laser-reflecting or absorbing layer edded in a transparent optical lens material, or formed as a layer on the convex side of such a material. The layer may be a Fabry-Perot reflector or a thin-film or holographically formed reflective or absorptive interference filter, or an absorbing layer.

Abstract: A sublimable layer is deposited on a substrate, holes are etched through sublimable layer, a thin-layer structure is deposited on portions of the remaining sublimable layer, and a thick structural support material is deposited to cover the sides and bottoms of the holes and portions of the thin-layer structure. When the sublimable layer is sublimed with the heat, photon enhancement (ultraviolet light) and oxygen purging, a structure is left which consists of a thin layer or layers supported by posts above a substrate.

Abstract: Collimated incident optical radiation which might contain high-intensity or igh-power radiation is focused into the body of a limiter by a first lens formed at one end of the limiter. The body is a cylinder of revolution with an axis along the optical axis between radiation and a sensitive detector. Radiation of normal intensity or power freely passes through the body and is recollimated by a second lens formed at the other end of the limiter from the first lens. The body is made of material which is subject to two-photon absorption such that high-intensity or high-power radiation undergoes absorption and is consequently self-defocused such that it is diverted from the optical path. For visible light, the material may be ZeSe or ZnS; for ultraviolet, copper chloride; for infrared, HgCgTe.

Abstract: A device for supporting a laser output mirror and allowing easy adjustment f the mirror, including a flexible ring carrying the mirror. The ring is supported by a part secured to the laser housing. The part also carries a plate with adjusting screws therethrough and bearing on the ring, the screws being inclined with respect to the optical axis of the housing. Thus, one is able to adjust the adjusting screws without exposing one's hands to the laser beam.

Abstract: The optical cavity of the present laser has a folded optical path with a pair of reflective diffraction gratings and a gain cell in it. A disk with radially distributed perforations rotates in the optical path between the gratings and the gain cell. The laser wavelength depends upon which perforation is aligned with the slot in a slotted plate also in the optical path. The laser output consists of a sequence of different wavelength but colinear rays.

Abstract: A specific small area of a crystal sample is scanned by a laser beam which rotates about an axis substantially perpendicular to the sample surface such that the intersection of the beam with a plane above and parallel to the surface describes a true spiral or a stepwise spiral pattern. The laser beam is reflected different amounts for different beam positions to produce a reflectance pattern indicative of crystallographic orientation.

Abstract: A relatively low-power but high-quality laser oscillator is coupled to a high-power laser amplifier. The amplifier includes a rectangular slab of laser active material, and a phase-conjugate end mirror.

Abstract: A metallic pattern is applied to a dielectric substrate to form the inventive device. The pattern is a mesh or array of islands with two-fold symmetry, i.e., bisymmetrical but with unequal orthogonal dimensions. Lamination of the devices may be formed to make various types of waveplates and filters.

Abstract: A phase-conjugated Q-switched laser resonator. The resonator contains a laser active material and a polarizer/quarter-wave plate combination in a starter cavity. The polarizer optically couples one plane of polarization of laser radiation into a side arm containing a self-switching stimulated scattering phase-conjugate mirror.

Abstract: An unpolarized light beam is split into two orthogonal polarized beams. Each polarized beam is attenuated by passing it through the sequence of a first polarization rotator, an analyzer, and a second polarization rotator. The attenuated beams are combined to yield a beam with the desired type or space-orientation of polarization.

Abstract: Successive layers of a II-VI ternary buffer layer and a II-VI ternary nar-bandpass infrared-absorbing layer are grown by MBE on a III-V binary substrate with low surface defect density. The composition of the buffer layer is chosen to lattice match with the infrared-absorbing layer.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube with a target face consisting of electron-absorbing and nfrared emitting islands of material on a thermally-conductive substrate. A modulated electron beam scanned over a regular array of such islands induces a mid or far infrared image in the array. The tube envelope has an infrared-transparent window through which the image may be viewed by infrared detectors or imagers.

Abstract: An electromagnetic lens formed of a refractive material with a reflective rface. The lens is a body of revolution having an upper parabolic reflective surface and spherical side and bottom surfaces. Incoming radiation is refracted at one spherical surface, reflects from the reflective surface, exits and is refracted at the other spherical surface. The radiation may be directed onto an array of electromagnetic detectors. Such an array may consist of concentric circles of detectors, such that a particular detector is illuminated by incoming radiation of a particular azimuth and elevation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scoring the performance of a video automatic tet recognizer (ATR). A video scene signal supplied to the ATR is subtracted from the ATR video output signal to yield a difference signal indicative of targets identified by the ATR. This difference signal is compared to a ground truth signal (this ground truth signal contains all the true targets in the scene) to yield a score of ATR performance.

Abstract: A crankshaft with a crank arm is connected to a reciprocatable piston or sshead by a connecting rod. By having the connecting rod length equal to the crank arm length, a motion whose equation is y=2a sin .alpha. is imparted to the piston or crosshead. In the equation y is the linear position of the piston or crosshead, a is either the crank arm or connecting rod length, and .alpha. is constant angular rotation of the crankshaft.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the relative proportions of two eents of a ternary compound from light reflected off a sample of the compound. The light is varied in wavelength and a graph of reflectance vs wavelength is stored. For a given compound of general form A.sub.x B.sub.1-x C, x may be determined by converting the stored graph to a graph of reflectance vs photon energy of the light, determining the photon energy of the light for the longest wavelength peak on the converted graph, and computing x from the equation E.sub.1 =a+bx+cx.sup.2 wherein a, b, and c are predetermined constants, and E.sub.1 is the photon energy in electron volts of the peak of interest.

Abstract: A method of making infrared detectors on a substrate of mercury cadmium turide (HgCdTe) or mercury zinc telluride (HgZnTe). The steps include those of preparing the substrate, etching and passivating it, and placing it in the ultra-high vaccuum environment of a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus. While in the apparatus, one or more layers of zinc cadmium telluride (ZnCdTe) are deposited. When the ZnCdTe deposition is finished, the substrate is removed from the apparatus and the detectors are delineated lithographically.

Abstract: Angular movements of an object are detected using a laser beam reflected m a mirror on the object and focussed on the edge of a straight edge in front of a photodetector. The same laser beam may be used with the same photodetector to simultaneously or separately form a Michaelson interferometer for detecting linear movements of the object. Alternatively, two photodetectors may be used such that linear and the combination of rotational and angular movements are detected simultaneously, and three photodetectors are used to detect simultaneously linear, rotational, and the combination of linear and rotational movements. In all embodiments, a telescope multiplies mirror movement by the magnifying power of the telescope.

Abstract: In order to ensure total bonding together of two-dimensional arrays of inm bumps on circuit boards, additional bumps are placed on each board in a triangular pattern which contains the array of that board. Opposing sets of thrusters are used to move the boards and their bumps toward each other, after the arrays are aligned with the boards juxtaposed and substantially parallel to each other. As corresponding sets of additional bumps touch each other, the set of thrusters moving the boards at those points hold their positions, until all sets of additional bumps are in touch; all of the thrusters of at least one board are then simultaneously energized until a predetermined pressure is achieved between the boards.