Abstract: In the refining of metal in a bath of the molten metal, oxygen is injected into the molten metal in a stream adjacent to a stream of a protective fluid which conveys a particulate flux, which is reactive with oxygen, into the molten metal; in this way the oxygen and particulate flux are safely introduced into the interior of the molten metal.

Abstract: An ice skate blade having an elongated flat blade body defining opposed side walls and a support bottom edge having a slot in at least a forward half portion thereof intermediate the opposed side walls. The rear portion is a solid support portion.

Abstract: The direct electric current from a transversely disposed electrolytic cell, in particular a cell for producing aluminum, is partly conducted under the cell before being led to the anode beam of the next cell. The aluminum busbars connected to the cathode bar ends which are upstream with respect to the general direction of current flow I are led alternately, individually under the cell and collectively around the cell. On the long side of the cell, downstream with respect to direction I, the busbars which have been led individually under the cell are usefully brought together to collector bars; these are led to the anode beam of the next cell preferably together with busbars which are led around the cell and/or the busbars connected to the downstream cathode bar ends, all of which also join up with the collector bars.

Abstract: In the homogenization of molten metal with a gas, the gas is delivered to agitate the molten metal in a vessel, through an injector tube having a fine bore effective to prevent penetration of molten metal into and along the bore; when injection of gas is discontinued, molten metal is allowed to solidify on the tip of the tube to seal it; when gas is to be delivered to a second load of molten metal in the vessel, it is delivered, at least initially, at a pressure effective to unseal the tube at the tip to permit entry of the gas into the second load to agitate the molten metal and thereby homogenize it; the injector tube can be used for successive batches of molten metal without maintenance.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid and gypsum are produced from phosphate rock by digesting same with sulfuric acid to produce a high concentration of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The solubilized uranium in the rock is rendered recoverable by reducing same from the +6 valence state to the +4 valence state during the digestion step followed by oxidizing back to the +6 valence state in a subsequent step.

Abstract: A method for measuring crack propagation in samples as a function of the number of load cycles is proposed wherein changes in the frequency response of a mechanical impedance of a sample which is to be tested is registered. At a pulsation frequency, which corresponds to the resonant frequency of the sample, there is a rise in the resonance of the mechanical impedance, defined as the quotient of the speed of movement of the sample and the applied pulsating force. Since, when a crack grows in the sample, its elastic constant decreases along with the cross-sectional area, the frequency response of the sample shifts towards lower frequences.

Abstract: A mold for electromagnetic continuous casting has a supporting frame for an induction coil and a cooling device which features at least one nozzle for directing a liquid coolant onto the surface of the ingot being cast. A section (15) is provided in line with the stream of liquid coolant emerging from at least one nozzle such that it provides an impacting surface for deflecting the stream of coolant onto the surface of the ingot.

Abstract: Apparatus for the preparation of hollow plastic articles wherein a more rapid operating cycle is obtained with less effect upon the temperature of the parison. The apparatus includes a first core, means for providing a parison thereon, a temperature controlled first mold engageable with said first core and parison, means for separating the first core from the first mold and parison contained therein, a second core in spaced relationship to the first core, means for transferring the parison to the second core, a blow mold in spaced relationship to said first mold for fully expanding the parison and means for transferring the second core and parison to the blow mold, wherein the blow mold is stationary and the second core with parison thereon is brought into alignment with the blow mold and is inserted therein.

Abstract: Very high demands are made on gondola cars which are emptied on rotating/tilting unloading devices. Such cars must provide long service lives even under these very rough conditions, and they should allow simple loading and unloading via a rotating/tilting device. In accordance with the instant disclosure, the high strength of the gondola car body is maintained in a simple manner in that the flooring sheets of the body are set into grooves in the longitudinal center sill, and into a groove in each inside of the lower side sills, and then welded to the said sills. Also the walls of the car may be set in different ways, as by setting them into a groove in the upper side of the lower side sills and into a groove in the lower side of the upper side sill, and then welded to the said side sills.

Abstract: Method of forming an interlocked assembly of a base cup and a hollow plastic article including the steps of providing a groove in the side wall of either the article or cup engageable with a protrusion in the side wall of the other of said article or cup, internally pressurizing the article to harden same and outwardly expand the side walls, and forming an interlocked assembly by placing the base cup on the article to deform the side walls of the base cup by the hardened article and snap the groove and protrusion together.

Abstract: Improved coating compositions for use in diversified applications, curable by permeation of a tertiary amine vapor or without permeation at room temperature. The composition and the coating process are characterized by the modification of an alkyd resin, having free hydroxyl groups, by reaction with p-hydroxybenzoic acid or 2,6-dimethylol-p-cresol. The coatings display good flexibility and high gloss as well as good color retention and good adhesion to substrates.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches an improvement in the degassing and filtration of molten metal, especially aluminum, using an apparatus which employs a pair of sequentially placed, removable filter-type plates and at least one fluxing gas inlet positioned therebetween. The first of said filter-type plates is characterized by a plurality of holes which provide a preferential path through which the fluxing gas flows upwardly through the first of said filter plates in counter-current contact with the melt. Said plate serves to break up said fluxing gas into a fine dispersion to assure its intimate and extensive contact with the melt. Dissolved gases and non-metallic inclusions are thereby abstracted and removed from the melt.

Abstract: Gases can be introduced in a finely divided form into molten metal using a jet-mixing facility which is designed on the Venturi principle and is made of a suitable refractory material. Melt flow rates of 2-100 m/s are measured in the cylindrical center piece of this mixer, and gas is sucked in at a reduced pressure of 0.05 to 0.9 bar. By means of this process an injector efficiency (ratio of throughput of propellant to throughput of purifying medium) of 3.75-4.0 is achieved.

Abstract: Lubrication oils used in rolling strip and foil in the light metal industing are contaminated with fine metallic particles during rolling. The process described here allows these oils to be cleaned either continuously or in a batch process by adding a strongly alkaline solution to the warm contaminated oil whereby these fine particles coagulate and can be separated out by means of centrifuging or filtering.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes. The wheels can be shaped to effect the shaping of the strip. They also reduce friction and wear in the die. Measures are taken to allow easy access to such wheels for ease of repair or for changing the wheels.

Abstract: A nozzle which can be used repeatedly for the supply of liquid metal is made up of individual, hollow, refractory sections fitted together side by side in a metal frame. The hollow elements of the nozzle may feature, in addition to at least one longitudinal channel for the supply of liquid metal, channels to accommodate heating elements also running in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Lined articles having an outer plastic layer of transparent or translucent plastic and a decorated inner plastic layer so that the decoration is visible through the outer layer. The article is prepared by decorating a plastic liner and molding a transparent or translucent plastic around the decorated liner.

Abstract: The efficiency of a given reactor for the conversion of aluminum oxide bearing starting material by means of reducing and chlorinating gases or of carbon coated aluminum oxide bearing starting material by means of chlorinating gases in a solid/gas fluidized bed to yield aluminum chloride is improved by the addition of an inert, solid dilution agent to the bed. Whereas, as a result of the chemical reaction, the average particle size and bulk density of the reagent decreases in a batch process, and in a continuous process an equilibrium value is reached, the average particle size and the bulk density of the inert material remains unchanged. An initial average particle size of 60-80 microns proved successful; quartz, corundum, magnesium oxide of similar particle size and bulk density was added as dilution agent, and a gas flow rate of 2 to 30 cm/sec was attained along with quantitative conversion of the gaseous reagent.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and a device for manufacturing blisters with high barrier properties from a metal-plastic composite foil which can be deep drawn, in particular from an aluminum-plastic composite foil which is held fast in the clamping facility of a device for manufacturing blisters. In shaping the foil into one or more blisters, pressure is applied pneumatically or pneumatically and hydraulically to at least one side of the foil which stretches onto and over a lubricating layer or easy slip plate on the base of a die.

Abstract: Carbonaceous contact paste for producing a high strength, electrically conductive connection between elements which experience high temperatures. The cold workable paste comprises a mixture of epoxy resin and tar as binder and graphite and metal in powder form as solid constituents. Before being used, an acid-free hardener e.g. polyamine is added to the paste.The electrical and thermal conductivity of the contact paste correspond to that of carbon blocks, and the paste is particularly suitable for joining such blocks to metallic conductors e.g. as in anodes and cathodes for cells used for the fused salt electrolytic production of aluminum.