Abstract: With end-to-end electrolytic cells, in particular cells for producing aluminum, high investment and operating costs are incurred by the arrangement of the busbars outside the cell. The magnetic fields produced by the busbars give rise to streaming of the metal in the cell. By providing direct connections between the individual anodes and the electrically connected busbars running along the side of the cell, in a plane just above the anodes, the costs are lowered and the harmful effects of the magnetic fields diminished. A further effect countering the magnetic forces created by the busbars can be achieved by an asymmetric arrangement in which the busbars are at different distances from the cathode bar ends or by connecting an unequal number of cathode bar ends to busbars on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the cell.

Abstract: With known vehicle superstructures of the above kind it has been found that in many cases relatively large amounts of deformation and damage to parts of the floor and walls occur even when the collision is very slight, that the thermal insulation is inadequate and that noises are produced in the sidewalls and floor due to vibrations during the journey.With the new vehicle superstructure the external forces acting on the sidewalls are no longer transmitted directly to the floor but reduced to a minimum level, which in most cases does not damage the floor, by means of a close-fit connection with built-in buffer zone. Also, the new design improves thermal insulation and markedly reduces the noises produced in the superstructure during a journey. Furthermore, the parts which have to be repaired can be readily removed and replaced.

Abstract: A freight container is disclosed which can be used for transporting stackable items and hanging items. The container is particularly stable and features at least one section which contributes to the load-bearing frame, runs transversely and features an undercut groove in which sliding fixtures of flexible supports for hanging the hanging items can be inserted and, if desired, can be fixed at a predetermined spacing. A strut section with both ends attached to the base of the container and a vertical strut attached to the upper part of the frame or to a load-bearing section can be released from the frame at least at one end and secured to a profiled section in the upper part of the container.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anode of a fusion electrolysis furnace for the production of aluminum, which anode consists of a plurality of individual oxide-ceramic elements of stable dimensions. The individual elements have linear cross-sectional dimensions of 2-12 cm. on the current exit surface. These elements have a length which corresponds to 2-20 times the value of the mean linear cross-sectional dimension, they are arranged approximately parallel with a mean distance between outer surfaces of 1-20 mm. and are held together mechanically stably at the end facing the current entry with an electrically conductive device situated outside the molten electrolyte. The anode in bundle configuration, in comparison with oxide-ceramic anodes of large format, has a lower corrosion erosion, is simpler to produce ceramically and has a greater stability to temperature changes.

Abstract: Molten plastic material is extruded uniformly about an advancing core by dividing a single stream of the plastic flowing to a die assembly transversely to the direction of advance of the core, into a plurality of streams, in which one half of the plastic flows along a first path spaced around the core and then towards the core; the other half of the plastic flows in a second path which is, in essence, a mirror image of the first path; the divided streams are reunited as a tubular sleeve of flowing plastic flowing in the direction of the advancing core, spaced around the core and flowing towards the advancing core.

Abstract: The disclosure deals with a clamping device for molds used in blow molding of hollow plastic articles having two halves of the mold for forming the sides of the hollow plastic article and a bottom part, wherein the halves of the mold can be moved away from each other. The invention is characterized in that during the opening of the mold the halves of the mold are moved away from each other in a longitudinal direction to said hollow plastic article and, at least partially simultaneously, in a perpendicular direction to said article.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming oriented, blown objects of moldable plastic material requiring prolonged tempering cycles to obtain conditions suitable for orientation. Disclosure provides a multiplicity of tempering molds in spaced relationship to each other for retaining and tempering parisons prior to orientation and blowing in a tempering cycle, whereby the tempering molds receive and release parisons seriatim, and whereby the overall operating cycle is substantially unaffected by the number of tempering molds.

Abstract: A device for conducting away exhaust gases from internal combustion engines comprises at least one sleeve-shaped silencer which encloses an exhaust pipe and forms an enclosed space around said exhaust pipe. The silencer is made up of at least two sleeve-shaped parts, or of a sleeve-shaped part and base part, which are joined together. The portion of the exhaust pipe in the space inside the silencer features perforations and/or sound absorbing elements. The inside of the silencer may be fitted with sound absorbers. The sleeve-shaped parts of the silencer and if desired, the exhaust pipe and/or the sound absorbers are made of aluminum and/or an aluminum alloy. The sleeve-shaped parts of the silencer are manufactured by impact extrusion, deep drawing or a similar method and all joined together preferably radial to their longitudinal axis. The ends these parts taper down to tube-shaped extensions which fit over the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A transfer device for open neck plastic parisons and finished articles in injection blow molding equipment. The device includes a core or pin which is attached to a plate and can be inserted into the parison or finished article. A collet is included which is supported by the core, an extension of the core, or the plate in such a way that the collet grips the neck of the parison or finished article when in one position, and releases it when in a second position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chisel alignment unit for a facility for breaking the crust of solidified electrolyte on an electrolytic cell, in particular on a cell for producing aluminum. A mechanically stable alignment box extends from the under side of the chisel in its non-working position to the piston rod. The chisel features at least one vertical alignment surface which is in contact with at least one alignment roll mounted on the alignment box by means of roller bearings. A wiper for removing electrolyte from the chisel is mounted below the alignment rolls and extends over the full width of the alignment surface or surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an improved ceramic foam filter particulary useful for filtering molten metal. The composition of the ceramic foam material is as follows: 50 to 70% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; 2 to 10% micron sized reactive alumina; 1 to 5% montmorillonite; 1 to 10% ceramic fibers; and from 5 to 25% of a ceramic binder or air setting agent.

Abstract: A process allows the production of composite sections made of at least two component parts such as conductor rails or the like having a beam-like section with a facing in the form of a conductive metal strip. The process makes use of an extrusion die whereby at least one of the components of the composite section is fed to the die by means of frictional force on a face which moves continuously towards the die.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient, ceramic foam material for filtering molten metal which is characterized by improved strength reliability. The filter of the present invention is prepared by impregnating an organic foam material with an aqueous ceramic slurry containing ceramic fibers. In accordance with the present invention it has been found that it is possible to prepare a low cost, porous ceramic filtration medium having improved strength reliability.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. In order to provide an oxide free surface on the extruded beam-like part which is capable of bonding to the surface of the facing strip it is necessary, when using an unscalped billet, that the ratio of the maximum radius of the feed chamber of the die to the minimum radius of the container passage of the die be less than or equal to 0.8. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes.

Abstract: To fill up the ring-shaped gaps between the tubes and fins of a tube and fin type heat exchanger with a corrosion protective hardenable filler, a unit made up of two closing pieces with filler material between them is pushed by means of the tube to be inserted in the stacked fins through the space formed by the collars of the openings in the fins which are stacked together for assembly into a heat exchanger. On passing this unit through the stacked fins the ring-shaped gaps are filled up with the filler material. The remaining thin film on the collars is also forced into the ring-shaped gaps when the tubes are subsequently expanded.A device for carrying out the process comprises a sleeve with a mandrel which slides inside the sleeve and forms a seal with the sleeve and a piston which likewise slides in the sleeve and forms a seal therewith and which lies ahead of the mandrel forming a space which can be varied in size and which accommodates the filler material.

Abstract: A superstructure for railway vehicles is disclosed having hoods which comprises at least two rails for two or more hoods positioned close to each side of a platform in a plane below the said platform, where at least one of the rails is mounted parallel and at a distance from one long side of the platform such that it can be moved back and forth on bearings.

Abstract: When optimizing the conventional purification methods, by gas, of aluminum in a molten state, a negative effect of the temperature has been revealed surprisingly when using a mixture of noble gases and carbon dioxide. In the same way, it has been proved inadequate to use concentrations of carbon dioxide higher than 10% in volume. It is therefore proposed to use, at a temperature comprised between 730.degree. and 780.degree. C., a gaseous mixture comprised of at least an inert carrier gas and of 4 to 10% in volume of carbon dioxide in a ratio of 0.4 to 1.0 Nm.sup.3 per ton of molten material. The method is also appropriate for continuous and discontinuous operation plants. In the first case an optimum effect of the stay time for the molten particles of three minutes should be provided, whereas a total time of one hour should be provided in the second case. This method allows, supposing a pseudo-1 kinetic order, to reach a speed constant of 5.3 for sodium, 4.9 for lithium and 2.5.times.10.sup.-4 sec.sup.

Abstract: In a device for the horizontal continuous casting of ingots or billets without pronounced structure there is provided in the wall of the trough an opening which connects up with another opening in the lower part of a disc-shaped nozzle which is used to transfer the molten metal to the mold. For casting rectangular ingots this nozzle opening is in plan view approximately in the form of a dog bone shaped slit, and is provided with a run-out surface inclined in the direction of casting and running into the inner face of the mold. The opening forms a trumpet-shaped taper towards the inside of the trough.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for improving the strength properties of partially desulfurized coke, especially petroleum coke, and in such a way that it is then suitable as raw material for electrodes, in particular anodes for the fused salt electrolytic production of aluminum by the Hall Heroult process. The process according to the invention comprises an after-treatment of the partially desulfurized coke at an elevated temperature for a duration of at least 30 minutes, as a result of which the strength of the coke increases.

Abstract: A device for producing solid aluminum chloride from gas containing gaseous aluminum chloride by means of a fluidized bed condenser. Between the inlet pipe for carrier gas and an outlet pipe for residual or waste gas there is a distributor plate with openings in the form of nozzles, at least one cooling facility, a feeding facility for the supply of gas containing gaseous aluminum chloride and a facility for drawing off the solid aluminum chloride. The outlet pipe for waste or residual gas is connected to the inlet pipe for carrier gas via a separator which separates out fine particulate aluminum chloride, which is then fed back to the bed to act as nuclei.