Abstract: In a single beam photometer the transmitted radiation is modulated in respect of wavelength. As the modulator, an interference pattern filter is used, whose transmitted wavelength agrees in the middle approximately with the absorption band to be measured. The interference pattern filter is either arranged so as to be rotatable in the beam path or oscillates at right angles to the optical axis. The electronic system is tuned to the first harmonic of the interference pattern filter frequency; i.e. the effects of signals of other frequencies are suppressed by the electronics.

Abstract: 1-Amino-naphthalene-7-sulphonic acid is prepared by reacting 1-chloro-naphthalene-4,7-disulphonic acid with ammonia at elevated temperatures in the presence of water and optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as a copper catalyst.

Abstract: In a two-stage process for producing black iron oxide pigments wherein an iron salt solution is alkalized in a first stage to precipitate about 55 to 70% of the iron, the solution is oxidized to convert the precipitate to goethite, the solution is further alkalized in a second stage to precipitate the balance of the iron, the precipitated iron II hydroxide is allowed to react with goethite to form magnetite, the improvement which comprises effecting the second stage in the presence of an inorganic ionic compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, aluminum, chromium, titanium, zirconium and vanadium in about 0.05 to 5% calculated as metal based on the weight of the final pigment. The resulting pigment is of high color intensity, narrow grain distribution range and pronounced magnetite structure.

Abstract: In a building material comprising an inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, alumina cement, calcium silicate, lime and gypsum, structurally reinforced with glass fibers, the improvement which comprises employing as said glass fibers alkali-resistant calcium silicate glass fibers consisting essentially of approximately______________________________________ CaO 26 - 50 % by weight SiO.sub.2 40 - 65 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1 - 8 ZnO+ZrO.sub.2 +Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.1 - 10 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Na.sub.2 O < 2.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkylthiomethylphenol of the formula ##STR1## COMPRISING REACTING A DIALKYLAMINOMETHYLPHENOL OF THE FORMULA ##STR2## WITH A THIOCARBOXYLIC ACID S-ester of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 is optionally substituted alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms or optionally substituted phenyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently is hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen or nitro, or together form a benzene ring or cycloalkane ring with 3 to 5 carbon atoms which is fused to the phenyl ring,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently is alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or together with the nitrogen atom form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring,R.sup.6 is hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is 1, 2 or 3.The process may be carried out in a solvent, advantageously at a temperature from about 100.degree. to 150.degree. C, at about normal pressure using phenol as a catalyst with about 0.9 to 1.

Abstract: In a building material comprising an inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, alumina cement, calcium silicate, lime and gypsum, structurally reinforced with glass fibers, the improvement which comprises employing as said glass fibers alkali-resistant calcium silicate glass fibers spun and drawn from molten phosphorus slag, said fibers consisting essentially of approximately______________________________________ CaO 10-60% by weight SiO.sub.2 35-70 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-10 ZnO+ZrO.sub.2 +Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 +TiO.sub.2 0.1-10 Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Na.sub.2 O <2.

Abstract: Phenoxycarboxylic acid aryloxy(thio)carbonylaminomethyl ester compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, naphthyl or substituted naphthyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.3 is phenyl or substituted phenyl,X is oxygen or sulfur, andn is 0, 1 or 2 exhibit outstanding plant growth regulant properties.

Abstract: Production of terephthalic acid dichloride and isophthalic acid dichloride by hydrolysis with water as a gas according to the following overall reaction: ##STR1## A Friedel-Crafts catalyst is used and some of the dichloride produced is maintained present throughout the reaction. The reaction is fast and the yield is high.

Abstract: A process for producing lean gases in which solid fuels are gasified under superatmospheric pressure by a treatment with free oxygen-containing gases, water vapor, and other gasifying agents. In the process, fuel and gasifying agent are caused to flow in opposite directions, about 1.5 to 3.5 kg of water vapor are added per standard m.sup.3 of free oxygen in the gasifying agent, about 70% of the lump coal to be gasified has a particle size from above 2 mm to about 30 mm and the remaining coal has a particle size below about 2 mm. The ballast content, consisting of water and ash, amounts to at least about 15% by weight, most of the mineral constituents have a particle size of about 2 to 30 mm and the ash which becomes available in the gasification process is withdrawn from the reactor shaft at temperatures above about 250.degree. C. Raw gas is withdrawn at temperatures above about 350.degree.

Abstract: Surface active, liquid, hydroxyl-containing mixed esters which are condensation products of:(a) 1 mole of triethanolamine, glycerine, trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol,(b) 1 to 2 moles of a saturated, branched, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid of 16 to 26 C atoms or mixtures thereof, and(c) 0.1 to 0.9 moles, preferably 0.1 to 0.7 moles, of an aliphatic straight-chain or branched dicarboxylic acid of 3 to 10 C atoms, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Process for continuous production of substantially anhydrous solutions of percarboxylic acid in solvent. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form percarboxylic acid and water (1). The percarboxylic acid is extracted with solvent (5), to provide a solvent phase containing the percarboxylic acid (11) and an aqueous raffinate (7). The solvent phase is subjected to distillation (12) to provide the anhydrous solution (13). In this distillation (12) the hydrogen peroxide remaining in the solvent phase produced in the extraction (5), is distilled off together with water and some solvent, and the hydrogen peroxide is recovered as an aqueous phase and recycled (14). The aqueous raffinate, which contains hydrogen peroxide, is distilled to remove water (8) and the resulting concentrate is recycled (2) for use in the reaction (1).

Abstract: 1,5-Benzodiazocines of the general formula ##STR1## their 5N-oxides, and acid addition salts thereof. In the above formula R.sub.1 =H, Halogen, CF.sub.3, --CN, --NO, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy or C.sub.1-6 alkylthio; R.sub.2 =H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl or furyl; R.sub.3 =H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, hydroxy-(C.sub.1-6 alkyl), C.sub.2-6 alkenyl or benzyl; and R.sub.4 =phenyl, (C.sub.1-6 alkyl)-phenyl, nitrophenyl, halophenyl or pyridyl. Also the production of such compounds from compounds of the benzodiazepine series.

Abstract: A vinylsulphone compound of the formula ##STR1## is provided. This compound is useful as cross-linking agent for hydrophilic colloids, especially for gelatin which is in the form of layers of photographic materials.

Abstract: A system for the temporary sealing of the interior of an armored vehicle, especially tanks, against the penetration of liquid or gaseous substances is disclosed. The system is characterized by a tubular seal connected to a central operating system disposed in the interior of the armored vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with at least one ventilation aperture provided in an exterior wall of the armored vehicle which wall defines an interior of the same. The ventilation aperture comprises a ventilation valve in an aperture responsive to compressed air. The ventilation valve is connected to the central operating system and has provided thereover a protective device disposed on the exterior of the armored vehicle. Preferably, the tubular seal within a groove on the chassis or on the turret of a tank.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of organic solutions of percarboxylic acids by reaction of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid, water-soluble catalyst which boils above 160.degree. C., extraction of the percarboxylic acid from the resulting reaction mixture using an organic solvent which is immiscible with water, reconcentration of the raffinate, which essentially contains hydrogen peroxide and the acid catalyst, by distilling off water in a distillation column and recycle of the raffinate, concentrated in this way, into the reaction with the carboxylic acid. The raffinate is divided into two partial streams in a ratio of 1 to 25:1.

Abstract: In the production of perpropionic acid by reaction of hydrogen peroxide and propionic acid in an aqueous medium and in the presence of an acid catalyst, e.g. sulfuric acid, to produce the peracid and water, the danger of explosion is reduced by employing a molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to propionic acid of more than 3.5:1, a temperature of up to 60.degree. C., and an initial hydrogen peroxide:water ratio of up to 0.8, and a catalyst concentration of 10-40% by weight.

Abstract: A process for purifying gases produced by the gasification of fossil fuels by a treatment with water vapor and oxygen under superatmospheric pressure. The raw gas produced is treated to remove catalyst-deteriorating impurities such as mono- and polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HCl, H.sub.2 S, CS.sub.2, COS, and NH.sub.3, and to desulfurize the gas to produce an exhaust gas which is rich in H.sub.2 S. The gas is cooled and scrubbed under superatmospheric pressures and at normal temperatures. The raw gas, at a temperature of 150.degree.-170.degree. C., is indirectly cooled to ambient temperature. The condensible hydrocarbons are then separated and removed, and the gas is then scrubbed with water to remove ammonia in a first scrubbing stage wherein the rate of water addition is controlled to be just sufficient to remove the ammonia.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of azodicarbonamide by oxidation of hydrazodicarbonamide in an aqueous suspension containing hydrogen peroxide wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of iodine at a temperature between 50.degree. and 95.degree. C. while the reaction mixture has a pH ranging from 1.0 to 5.0.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous gasification of fuels, which are mainly in lump form. The fuels are subjected to a superatmospheric pressure in a fixed bed treatment with a gasifying agent consisting of gases which contain free oxygen and water vapor and/or carbon dioxide in a water-cooled reactor housing. The housing contains a substantially conical rotary grate, which is rotatably mounted in the lower portion of the reactor housing and serves to discharge the gasifying agent into the reactor shaft and permits the removal of gasification residue from the shaft. The gasifying agent is positively distributed in correspondence with the quantity of fuel, which increases in the radial direction of the shaft resulting in an approximately uniform time of contact between the gas and fuel across the entire shaft area.

Abstract: Stable, physiologically compatible, injectable solutions comprising, as an active ingredient, an alkali metal salt of canrenoic acid or a mixture of an alkali metal canrenoate and a diuretic, and an aqueous, physiologically compatible alkaline buffer having a low buffer capacity and yielding a pH range of 10.2 to 11.2, e.g., tripotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate or potassium glycinate.