Abstract: In an ion exchange process wherein an ion exchange bed is successively charged and discharged during an exchange cycle with an ion, here designated as "X" ion, with "Y" being used to designate the replacing ion and "Z" the oppositely charged ion associated with X and Y, by passing aqueous solutions of the ions through the bed, with the flow thereof during charging being in one direction and during discharging in the opposite direction; the improvement with respect to the discharge portion of the cycle starting with the bed charged with X ions and filled with water substantially free of X, Y and Z ions, comprising passing at least four groups of fractions through said bed, as follows:1) a first feed group of fractions, containing X, Y and Z ions, the concentration of Z ions remaining substantially constant, the concentration of X ions successively decreasing downwardly to or near to zero and the concentration of Y ions correspondingly increasing.

Abstract: Polymers comprising repeating units which contain groupings of the formula --CH.sub.2 OOCR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 14 carbon atoms and the --CH.sub.2 --group is directly bonded to a quaternary nitrogen atom. The polymers are useful in photographic materials as mordants for anionic compounds especially for anionic dyes.

Abstract: A method is provided for the preparation of 2-arylbenzoxazoles and 2-arylbenzthiazoles which comprises reacting a trichloromethyl-substituted aromatic compound with an aromatic compound carrying one amino group and one hydroxy or mercapto group in ortho position to each other. The compounds obtained by the process of the invention form the basis of numerous optical brighteners and find use in dyes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and heat-resistant fibers.

Abstract: 4-Novel hydroxyanthrones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.17 are as set forth in the specification. AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 4-HYDROXYANTHRONES WHEREIN (2-HALOGENO-METHYL)-PHENYL HALOFORMATES OF THE FORMULA ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 -R.sup.7 are as set forth in the specification are reacted, with an aromatic carbocyclic compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as set forth in the specification in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, optionally in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of from 0.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for preparing N.sub.1 -(2'-furanidyl)-5-fluorouracil having effective pharmacological activities such as anti-leukemia and anti-tumor activities comprising reacting 2,4-bis(trialkylsilyl)-5-fluorouracil with 2,3-dihydrofuran in the presence of a proton donor and a catalyst. Such process can be simply, easily conducted to give the desired product having a high purity in good yield.

Abstract: An electrical glass melting furnace having a refractory tank, wherein the batch glass is fed onto the surface of a bath of molten glass therein and refined glass is withdrawn from a lower portion thereof. Electric heating power is supplied, in the form of three-phase AC, through two levels of peripherally spaced electrodes. The secondary coils of the transformers employed each feed an electrode or electrode pair and the output of each secondary coil is additionally connected to the input of one of the other secondary coils in the system.

Abstract: 12-Epi-digoxins of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently is hydrogen or a lower alkanoyl or alkyl radical,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a lower alkanoyl radical, andR.sub.4 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl radical,Are characterized by marked cardioactivity and therapeutic spectrum. They are produced by reduction of the corresponding 12-dehydrodigoxin.

Abstract: A process for treating a residue from the sulfuric acid leaching of roasted zinc blende, comprising(a) leaching the residue in a single stage with sulfuric acid and a metal sulfide supplied in a quantity sufficient for transforming the iron into divalent iron, the temperature being maintained between about 60.degree. C and the boiling point,(b) heating the mass to a temperature above the melting point of sulfur, separating a first fine-grained residue of low zinc and iron contents and high lead content, and separating a coarse-grained residue containing sulfur, compounds of iron and any excess metal sulfide from (a),(c) adjusting the pH of the residual solution to at most about 2, at a temperature between about 80.degree.

Abstract: O,O'-Dialkyl-O,O'-[2-aminopyrimidin(4,6)diyl]-bis-[(thiono)(thiol)phosphori c(phosphonic) acid esters] of the formula ##STR1## in which R is alkyl,R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently is alkyl or conjointly with the nitrogen atom form a heterocyclic ring which is optionally interrupted by at least one hetero-atom,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or halogen, andX is oxygen or sulphur,Which possess arthropodicidal properties.

Abstract: The temperature or temperature profile of an electrically conductive molten mass heated by electrodes immersed therein is measured during continuous operation by momentarily cutting off the electrical energy supplied to the heating electrodes, passing measuring currents through the molten mass via the heating electrodes during the momentary cut off, measuring the electrical resistance between pairs of heating electrodes in measuring paths defined by such electrodes and then calculating the temperature existing within the individual measuring paths on the basis of the measure resistance values.

Abstract: Indan-5-yl-N-methylcarbamic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl andR.sup.4 represents hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy,Which possess arthropodicidal and fungicidal properties.

Abstract: A propellant charge composition comprising individual powder particles of a nitrocellulose propellant coated with a coating of an acrylic resin and a process for its preparation. Also disclosed is a propellant charge composition of the type described containing a second propellant.

Abstract: Cephalosporins of the formula ##STR1## their pharmaceutically-acceptable, nontoxic salts, and hydrates thereof are produced, whereinA is hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted alkyl; aryl; or R.sub.1 --X--, whereinX is --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, andR.sub.1 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl; aryl; thienyl; furyl; amino; alkylamino; dialkylamino; pyrrolidyl; or piperidyl;Or whenX is --CO--,R.sub.1 can also be alkoxy;B is phenyl, methylphenyl, chlorophenyl, hydroxyphenyl or the moiety ##STR2## E is hydrogen, hydroxyl or acetoxy; and C is a center of chirality.These compounds are particularly useful for their antimicrobial and, particularly, antibacterial effects.

Abstract: A non-woven fabric usable as a substratum sheet for artificial leather having a relatively high flexural rigidity is prepared by a process in hich fibrous bundles, each consisting of a plurality of extremely fine filaments or fibers having a denier of 0.005 to 0.5, is provided while allowing the filaments or fibers to spontaneously adhere to each other without using an adhesive, the fibrous bundles are massed into the form of sheet or web, and the sheet or web is then subjected to a non-woven fabric forming operation in which the fibrous bundles are entangled with each other.

Abstract: New 3-nitropyrazole compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower alkyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;R.sub.3 is cyano, carboxyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl or the radical --CO--NR.sub.4 R.sub.5, in whichR.sub.4 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl, ureido, thioureido, hydroxyphenyl, picolyl or is a lower alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl radical substituted, if desired, by a cyano, hydroxyl, pyrrolidino, piperidino, amino, lower alkylamino, lower dialkylamino or lower acylamino substituent andR.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical orR.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together represent a lower alkylene bridge;And the pharmacologically compatible salts thereof, are outstandingly effective as anti-microbial agents, particularly systemically and in the urinary tract.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for preparing benzenesulphonic acid chloride by reacting benzenesulphonic acid with thionyl chloride, the improvement residing in carrying out the process in the presence of a sulphonating agent.

Abstract: Aryloxymethylbenzoic acid phenyl ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents oxygen or sulfur, and each R represents residue of a mononuclear or polynuclear phenol which can be substituted. The ester can be produced by reacting the corresponding chloromethylbenzoic acid phenyl ester with the alkali salt of the phenol corresponding to the aryl group of said aryloxymethyl group. The products are useful as additives for plastics to impart flame resistance thereto.

Abstract: An apparatus for the continuous preparation and packing of freeze-dried material, having a horizontally movable web and successively disposed forming, freezing, freeze-drying, heat-sealing, punching and transport devices. The freeze-drying devices consist of two successively disposed freezers having separate refrigerant circuits, and a primary drying tunnel and a secondary drying tunnel having separate evacuating and heating systems and hermetically closable air locks located ahead of the primary drying tunnel, between the primary and secondary drying tunnels, and at the end of the secondary drying tunnel the air locks comprise compressible and expandable walls, retractable tables and upwardly and downwardly opening slide valves for sealing the primary drying tunnel hermetically from the secondary drying tunnel. An advancing mechanism is coupled to the air locks and movable in the horizontal direction for advancing the movable web in conjunction with the expansion and compression of the air lock walls.

Abstract: An improvement in a pressure roller arrangement for a winding machine equipped with a winding roll onto which strip material is wound, the winding roll bearing against a support drum by means of a pair of pressure rollers which act on the winding roll to press the winding roll against a drum support. The application describes such a device in which one of the pressure rollers is connected by a swiveling lever which is supported on a cylinder piston unit and the other pressure roller is pivoted at the swiveling lever by means of a follow-up lever so that it can be moved on the first pressure roller towards and away therefrom by means of a cylinder piston unit which is supported on the swiveling lever.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the production of xylose or xylitol wherein a vegetable material is contacted with a basic substance and the solid residue is thereafter treated with an acid, the improvement resides in the use of stone nut shells, in employing a two-stage digestion initially with a 1.5-6 molar alkali metal hydroxide solution at 10.degree.-50.degree. C. and thereafter diluting the digestion mass to 0.75 molar or less and digesting at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C.