Abstract: A gel-like or solid electrolyte containing (i) an electrolyte solution containing an electrolyte dissolved in an organic solvent, (ii) a lamellar clay mineral and/or an organically modified lamellar clay mineral and (iii) a polyvalent onium salt compound and a photoelectric transducer element and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same.

Abstract: An accelerator for the speckle atmospheric compensation algorithm may enable real-time speckle processing of video feeds that may enable the speckle algorithm to be applied in numerous real-time applications. The accelerator may be implemented in various forms, including hardware, software, and/or machine-readable media.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of effluents containing nitrogen in the form of ammonium, in which: a volume of effluent is introduced into the batch reactor in successive volume fractions, each volume fraction being treated during a subcycle, each subcycle including a phase of feeding with a volume fraction and, in an alternating manner, two treatment stages, i.e. an aerated first stage, during which complete or partial oxidation of the ammonium takes place to give nitrites, followed by a nonaerated second stage, during which the nitrites produced and the ammonium are converted to nitrogen gas. During the aerated first stage, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the batch reactor is maintained between 0.1 mgO2/l and 0.6 mgO2/l; the N—NO2:N—NH4 ratio is adjusted to be between 0.9 and 1.5 at the beginning of the nonaerated stage; and the nonaerated phase is carried out by deammonification, without the provision of carbon-based substrate.

Abstract: Method for bringing ozone into contact with a flow of liquid in which a fraction of the liquid flow is tapped off, a carrier gas laden with ozone is injected into the tapped-off flow, forming gas bubbles, the gas bubbles and the liquid are mixed so as to form a two-phase tapped-off flow, and the tapped-off flow is reintroduced into a descending vertical stream of the main liquid flow, this vertical stream undergoing, at the bottom, a change of direction to essentially the horizontal, the reintroduction of the tapped-off flow being carried out at the lower end of an injection tube immersed in the descending vertical stream of the main flow.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer program products for identifying sensitive application-layer data and controlling transmission of the data in a network. According to one method, sensitive data in a system resource is identified at an application layer. A packetization of the identified sensitive data is detected. A flag indicative of the presence of sensitive data is inserted in a packet having at least a portion of the identified sensitive data in response to identifying the sensitive data and detecting the packetization. The flag is inserted in a portion of the packet corresponding to a layer other than the application layer. Transmission of the packet is controlled in a network based on the flag.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous formulations comprising organic binders having a siloxane content and inorganic nanoparticles, a process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof for the preparation of aqueous coating compositions.

Abstract: Processes for preparing an amine, which processes comprise: reacting a reactant selected from the group consisting of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and mixtures thereof, with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines and mixtures thereof, in the presence of a zirconium dioxide-and nickel-containing catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises a catalytically active composition which comprises, before reduction with hydrogen, oxygen compounds of zirconium, nickel, and iron, and 0.2 to 5.5% by weight of at least one oxygen compound of tin, lead, bismuth, molybdenum, antimony or phosphorus, calculated as SnO, PbO, Bi2O3, MoO3, Sb2O3 and H3PO4 respectively; and wherein the catalytically active composition of the catalyst does not comprise any copper.

Abstract: Methods and systems to provide a home system with information about a wireless unit roaming in a visited system based on information the wireless unit provides to the visited system. A mobile switching center (MSC-V) of the visited system receives the information from the wireless unit and routes a message to an international gateway. In response, the international gateway creates a new message or alters the original message, and transmits the new or altered message to a mobile switching center (MSC-H) of the home system. In response to receipt of the new or altered message, the MSC-H validates the wireless unit (if valid), creates a response to the new or altered message, and routes the response to the international gateway. The response may include an authorization period for the wireless unit and/or OCOS/TCOS information. In response, the international gateway creates a new response or alters the response, and transmits the new or altered response to the MSC-V.

Abstract: A skin lightening method for lightening the natural skin tone of a user, or for treating disorders of hyperpigmentation, includes delivering an effective amount of methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) to an individual in need of skin lightening, until an noticeable lightening of skin tone is observed. Delivery may be accomplished by topical application, oral ingestion, or a combination of the foregoing. The skin lightening effect may be enhanced by application of an exfoliate during the treatment period. A transdermal patch may be used to deliver MSM to specific skin areas. A lightening of skin tone equivalent to one or two Fitzpatrick skin type classes may be achieved in about three to six months. After cessation of treatment, skin returns to its natural, genetically-determined tone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of an aqueous glucose solution from maize or maize kernels. The invention also relates to a glucose solution obtainable by this process, and to its use for the production of organic compounds. The process according to the invention comprises: a) fractionating dry milling of maize kernels, where the maize kernels are separated into a maize-starch-comprising endosperm fraction and a high-oil germ fraction and, if appropriate, a bran fraction; b) enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification of the maize starch in an aqueous suspension of the endosperm fraction, which gives an aqueous glucose solution comprising maize gluten; and c) depletion of the maize gluten and, if appropriate, any bran present from the aqueous glucose solution.

Abstract: A composite membrane for a capacitor, comprising: a carrier; a mixture of a catalytic material for catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen, and a dispersion resin. The catalytic material is selected from the group consisting of a precious metal in Group VIII of the periodic table of elements and their alloys, and a rare earth metal of the La group of rare earth metals and their alloys. The carrier is a film formed by at least one of the following: polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyamide. The carrier can include asbestos fibers, polypropylene fibers, or their mixture. The dispersion resin can be one of the following: ethylene, Nafion™, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, CMC, and the like. The present disclosure also provides a method for making a composite membrane, and a capacitor with the composite membrane.

Abstract: Techniques, apparatus and systems that use composite left and right handed (CRLH) metamaterial structures to combine and divide electromagnetic signals at multiple frequencies. The metamaterial properties permit significant size reduction over a conventional N-way radial power combiner or divider. Dual-band serial power combiners and dividers and single-band and dual-band radial power combiners and dividers are described.

Abstract: A deformable mirror includes a plurality of block segments and at least one actuator. The block segments are arranged in an array, with adjacent block segments being coupled together by an elastomer and the top surface of the array being reflective. The at least one actuator is coupled to at least one of the block segments at the bottom surface of the array and is adapted to adjust in piston.

Abstract: A semiconductor device or a photovoltaic cell having a contact structure, which includes a silicon (Si) substrate; a metal alloy layer deposited on the silicon substrate; a metal silicide layer and a diffusion layer formed simultaneously from thermal annealing the metal alloy layer; and a metal layer deposited on the metal silicide and barrier layers.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions, comprising A) from 10 to 98% by weight of at least one thermoplastic polymer, B) from 0.01 to 50% by weight of B1) at least one highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonate having an OH number of from 1 to 600 mg KOH/g of polycarbonate (to DIN 53240, Part 2), or B2) at least one highly branched or hyperbranched polyester of AxBy type, where x is at least 1.1 and y is at least 2.1, or a mixture of these, C) from 1 to 40% by weight of a halogen-free flame retardant, selected from the group of the phosphorus-containing or nitrogen-containing compounds, or of the P—N condensates, or a mixture of these, D) from 0 to 60% by weight of other additives, where the total of the percentages by weight of components A) to D) is 100%.

Abstract: A lithographic structure comprising: an organic antireflective material disposed on a substrate; and a silicon antireflective material disposed on the organic antireflective material. The silicon antireflective material comprises a crosslinked polymer with a SiOx backbone, a chromophore, and a transparent organic group that is substantially transparent to 193 nm or 157 nm radiation. In combination, the organic antireflective material and the silicon antireflective material provide an antireflective material suitable for deep ultraviolet lithography. The invention is also directed to a process of making the lithographic structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to propionic acid-comprising compositions in solid and essentially pure form comprising at least one compound according to formula (I) (Mn+)(H+)x(CH3CH2C(O)O?)(n+x)??(I), where Mn+ is an n-valent alkali metal cation or alkaline earth metal cation, n being equal to 1 or 2; and x is a number in the range from 0.25 to 5; with the proviso that x is not in the range from 0.75 to 1.75 when Mn+ is potassium; a method for producing such propionic acid-comprising compositions; and also the use of such compositions as silage additive, preservative, acidifier, food supplement, feedstuff or feedstuff additive for animal feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,2-propanediol, in which a glycerol-containing stream, especially a stream obtained on the industrial scale in the production of biodiesel, is subjected to a hydrogenation in an at least three-stage reactor cascade.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming cigarette filters comprise a single or multiple hopper system for forming filter components of single or multiple sizes. The filter components with spaces therebetween are partially wrapped and then conveyed to at least one media applying wheel where media is deposited into the spaces between the filter components. A cover cap is formed and placed over the partially wrapped filter components downstream of the media wheel to thereby completely wrap the filter components. Subsequently, the completely wrapped filter components are joined to tobacco rods with tipping paper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel proton-conducting polymer membrane based on polyazoles which can, because of its excellent chemical and thermal properties, be used in a variety of ways and is particularly useful as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) to produce membrane electrode units for PEM fuel cells.