Abstract: A GaN-based thin film (thick film) is grown using a metal buffer layer grown on a substrate. (a) A metal buffer layer (210) made of, for example, Cr or Cu is vapor-deposited on a sapphire substrate (120). (b) A substrate obtained by vapor-depositing the metal buffer layer (210) on the sapphire substrate (120) is nitrided in an ammonia gas ambient, thereby forming a metal nitride layer (212). (c) A GaN buffer layer (222) is grown on the nitrided metal buffer layers (210, 212). (d) Finally, a GaN single-crystal layer (220) is grown. This GaN single-crystal layer (220) can be grown to have various thicknesses depending on the objects. A freestanding substrate can be fabricated by selective chemical etching of the substrate fabricated by the above steps. It is also possible to use the substrate fabricated by the above steps as a GaN template substrate for fabricating a GaN-based light emitting diode or laser diode.

Abstract: An image-pickup apparatus is disclosed which can prevent focus control from being performed on the basis of incorrect information on an object distance externally measured. The image-pickup apparatus includes a first detector which produces first information corresponding to a contrast state of a picked-up image, a second detector which receives light from an object to detect second information corresponding to a distance to the object, and a controller which performs focus control by using the first information and the second information. The controller performs the focus control by using the first information without using the second information when a light-receiving luminance level in the second detector is lower than a first value.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to limit a correction amount for correcting the exposure error of a photographed image so as to prevent an excessively corrected image sensing result, and obtain a desired image sensing result by changing the correction width of the correction amount in accordance with the setting state and operation state of an image sensing apparatus and the object brightness in image sensing. To achieve this object, an exposure error value is calculated from the exposure level of an image signal and an exposure level obtained by photometry. The correction amount of the exposure error value is calculated on the basis of at least one of the setting state of the image sensing apparatus, the operation state of the image sensing apparatus, and the object brightness state in image sensing. The exposure error of the sensed image is corrected using the correction amount.

Abstract: In offering a route guidance service at a plurality of sites, passage through the same route as before is excluded from the route guidance as much as possible. In order to achieve this object, a route guidance providing system according to this invention includes a plurality of image forming apparatuses connected to a server through a network and provides route guidance to a user. The system includes a unit which acquires, on the basis of, history information until the user travels to the installation location of the image forming apparatus, a unit which acquires, on the basis of the document, destination information of the user, a unit which acquires additional destination information, and a search unit which finds route guidance on the basis of the destination information, additional destination information, and history information. The found route guidance is printed.

Abstract: The present invention further improves foreign substance removal performance when removing foreign substances such as dust that adhere to the surface of an optical element disposed in front of an image sensor. The image capturing apparatus includes an image sensor that performs photo-electric conversion of an optical image of an object formed by a photographing optical system, an optical element disposed between the photographing optical system and the image sensor, a shutter disposed between the photographing optical system and the optical element and having shutter curtains capable of traveling between an open state and a closed state, a first vibration device that causes the optical element to vibrate, a second vibration device that causes the shutter curtains to vibrate, and a control device that controls operations of the first vibration device and second vibration device.

Abstract: An entropy encoding apparatus comprises: a binarization unit configured to convert an input syntax element into binarized data; a context calculation unit configured to generate a context index; a context memory unit configured to hold context information; and an arithmetic coding unit configured to perform arithmetic coding using context information output corresponding to the generated context index, and the binarized data, is provided. The context memory unit comprises: a storage unit, an initial value generation unit configured to generate an initial value of context information, a control unit configured to output a control signal specifying which to select between the initial value and the context information which corresponds to the generated context index, a selection unit configured to select either of the initial value or the context information which corresponds to the generated context index, an updating unit configured to generate updated context information.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus comprises an image pickup unit for photographing an object and generating image data, and a frame forming an outline of the image pickup apparatus, wherein spaces are formed between the image pickup unit and the frame to allow an operator grasp inner planes of the frame.

Abstract: A pixel unit in which a plurality of pixels shares an accumulating unit for temporarily accumulating charges accumulated in photoelectric conversion devices, is arranged so that a control unit of a photoelectric conversion apparatus is adapted, when an accumulated charge amount of a first photodiode exceeds a saturation charge amount, to effect control in accordance with a first operation to discharge excess charges to a floating diffusion FD, and adapted, when an accumulated charge amount of a second photodiode exceeds a saturation charge amount, to effect control in accordance with a second operation to discharge excess charges to a charge discharge area, thereby expanding a dynamic range.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus includes: a write controller for writing an input moving image signal into a first memory in accordance with a first timing signal and writing an input audio signal into a second memory in accordance with the first timing signal; a communication unit for reading out the moving image signal from the first memory in accordance with the first timing signal, reading out the audio signal from the second memory in accordance with a second timing signal having a frequency different from that of the first timing signal, and transmitting the read-out moving image signal and the read-out audio signal to an external device; and a read-out controller for changing a read-out position of the audio signal to a predetermined read-out position to be determined according to a write position of the audio signal, in case that a difference between the write position and the read-out position of the audio signal is a predetermined value.

Abstract: A control method for an image processor having an operation member and an image display unit that displays images, wherein it is determined whether a touch wheel button has been operated according to a first operation method or whether it has been operated according to a second operation method, wherein functions executable by instructions from the touch wheel button include a first function allocated if it is determined to be the first operation method and a second function allocated if it is determined to be the second operation method, and wherein an image is displayed in the first display mode on the display unit if it is determined to be the first operation method and an image is displayed in the second display mode different from the first display mode if it is determined to be the second operation method.

Abstract: It discloses a display apparatus with a camera capable of taking an almost full-face image of a person seeing a display. The display apparatus with the camera includes a display element in which display pixels are arranged, and an image-taking module which forms a plurality of object images through a plurality of aperture areas formed among the display pixels of the display element and photoelectrically converts the plurality of object images. Furthermore, the display apparatus includes an image combining section which combines image information on the plurality of object images obtained by using the image-taking module.

Abstract: A personal computer holds data of a plurality of types in a content storage unit and transfers items of data related across the types of data to a digital camera as group data. The digital camera stores the group data, which is received from the personal computer, in a content memory unit.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus comprises a current limiting unit connected in series between a power source and a power supply circuit that limits output current of the power source; a first switch connected in series with the current limiting unit; a second switch connected in parallel with the current limiting unit; a resistor connected in series between the power source and the current limiting unit; an abnormal current detection unit, connected in parallel with the resistor, that detects the current flowing through the resistor and determines whether or not the detected current is abnormal; and a control unit that turns on the first switch if the abnormal current detection unit detects a current, and, thereafter, turns the second switch on if the detected current is not abnormal, and turns the first switch off if the detected current is abnormal.

Abstract: The image display apparatus is capable of reducing moire fringe when electric inverse-correction is performed on an image output to an image display element. The apparatus includes an optical system for observation of an image displayed on an image display element, a processor performing distorting processing that electrically provides to an input image a distortion in a direction inverse to that of distortion as aberration generated by the optical system, and a filter providing a low-pass filter effect to the image observed through the optical system. When a first image region including a first number of pixels in the input image is converted into a second image region including a second number of pixels by the distorting processing, the filter provides the low-pass filter effect depending on the relationship between the first and second numbers of pixels to the second image region.

Abstract: A camera includes an image taking system for taking plural images to be synthesized into a first image for recording use, and an image generator for generating a second image for display use by image-processing a specific image among the plural images.

Abstract: In externally uploading data to a storage device in a network, the process for the storage device is controlled in accordance with the state in the network. This invention provides a control apparatus which controls a process for a storage device in externally uploading data to the storage device by communicating with the network to which the storage device and a remote access server are connected. The control apparatus receives an event transmitted from the storage device when it is accessed, calculates the process load of the storage device, and instructs the remote access server to limit the transfer amount of data to the storage device when the calculated process load is larger than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus has an input unit to input settings which are used for a print process, a recognizing unit to execute a printer driver and recognize a conflict of the settings inputted to the input unit, and a notifying unit to notify an application of a reason of occurrence of the conflict recognized by the recognizing unit.

Abstract: A filling material is produced by separating fibers of polyester, processing the separated polyester fiber, obtaining silver nylon material, separating the silver nylon, processing the separated silver nylon, and blending the processed polyester fiber and the processed silver nylon to produce a blend of polyester and silver nylon. The blend is further processed, and is subsequently combined a number of times with processed polyester fiber to produce a blend of polyester and silver nylon having preferably between 5% and 10% by weight silver nylon. Pillows, blankets, comforters, sleeping bags, upholstered pieces of furniture and other items may be manufactured with the filling material.

Abstract: An image-taking apparatus preferable for saving image data in folders as desired by a user for each scene or date of image-taking is disclosed. The image-taking apparatus of the present invention comprises an image processing circuit which creates image data files based on output from an image-pickup device, and a filing system which saves created image data files in a folder created on a recording medium with a different file number assigned to each image data file and performs a numbering process in which it assigns file numbers sequentially from an initial number. The filing system creates a new folder on the recording medium in accordance with operation of an operating member by a user and starts the numbering process on image data files to be saved in the new folder from the initial number.

Abstract: An information storage medium includes a recording unit to record externally input data, a first display unit, and a second display unit. Control is done to display information about the data recorded in the recording unit on the first display unit, and attribute information of the information storage medium on the second display unit.