Abstract: A method of contacting gas and liquid at pressures greater than 200 psig comprising:providing container means, said container means being provided with a plurality of conduit means and a plurality of gas inlet means, at least a portion of said gas inlet means extending into said conduit means,passing gas at a pressure greater than 200 psig through said gas inlet means into said conduit means,passing liquid at a pressure greater than 200 psig into said conduit means, whereby said gas and liquid are contacted.

Abstract: In a system including an alcohol fuel container, a first catalyst containing reactor, an internal combustion engine, alcohol is passed from the container through the first reactor which contains dissociation catalyst. The alcohol is dissociated in the first reactor to form a combustible gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen. The hydrogen is then fed to the engine. The improvement includes passing alcohol through a second reactor containing dehydration catalyst to form ether. Then passing that ether to the engine for start-up. Thus, the engine may be started using a mixture of ether formed in the second reactor and alcohol and then operated using hydrogen formed in the first reactor.

Abstract: Cold start-up of a engine fueled by alcohol or hydrogen dissociated from alcohol by vaporizing alcohol in a first vaporizer contacting that vapor with methanation catalyst in a methanation reactor to form methane, passing methane and alcohol delivered through a by-pass conduit to the engine, starting the engine, vaporizing alcohol in a second vaporizer to form additional alcohol vapor, contacting the additional alcohol vapor and a dissociation catalyst in a dissociation reactor to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, conveying the hydrogen and carbon monoxide to the engine.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide comprising contacting methanol in the vapor phase with a catalyst at a temperature in the range of about 250.degree. to 900.degree. F., a pressure in the range of from 0.1 to 50 atmospheres absolute and a contact time of 0.1 to 100 seconds whereby hydrogen and carbon monoxide are formed, said catalyst comprising manganese, copper and chromium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling steam production by controlling the flow rate of particulate solids from a fluidized bed combustion chamber through a vertical heat exchanger. The pressure drop across a section of the vertical heat exchanger is monitored and compared with a set point pressure drop. When the pressure drop being monitored falls below the set point pressure drop, a signal is provided to a particulate solids feed control means which then allows more particulate solids to be circulated through the vertical heat exchanger. The vertical heat exchanger receives heat from the particulate solids. The additional amount of particulate solids fed to the vertical heat exchanger are recirculated along with the previous amount of particulate solids through the heat exchanger into the fluidized bed combustion chamber. Because of the additional cooled particulate solids in the fluidized bed combustion chamber the temperature of the fluidized bed combustion chamber drops.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for deashing an effluent slurry from a coal liquefaction process is provided. A mixture of relatively coarse coal-derived solids and a precipitating solvent is stirred with the effluent slurry to form hard, discrete agglomerate pellets of improved settling rates.

Abstract: A process for producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream, fuel gases and blast furnace grade coke from a heavy, high sulfur, crude oil by producing delayed coke from at least a portion of the crude oil; crushing at least a portion of the coke to provide a finely divided coke feedstock to a briquetting operation where the finely divided coke is briquetted using crude oil or topped crude oil as a binder to produce briquettes of a size from about 3/4 inch to about 3 inches with the resulting briquettes being passed to a high temperature vertical calciner where the solids are desulfurized to produce a strong blast furnace grade coke. The distillable stream and fuel gas stream are recovered from the delayed coking operation, the vertical calciner and optionally a crude oil topping operation. In some instances coke particles in the size range from about 3/4 inch to about 3 inches may be passed directly to the calciner without crushing and briquetting.

Abstract: A reactor and the use thereof for fueling an internal combustion engine.The reactor comprising a monolithic substrate and catalytic material,said monolithic substrate containing a plurality of substantially parallel channels, means being provided for charging a heat exchange fluid into said channels and recovering said heat exchange fluid from said channels, said monolithic substrate containing a plurality of passageways through said substrate generally parallel to said channels, said passageways being adapted to pass a reactant stream through said monolithic substrate and said passageways being larger in cross section and fewer in number than said channels, said catalytic material being supported within said passageways, as a coating on the passageway walls or as pellets.

Abstract: A fuel treatment and distribution apparatus for use with an internal combustion engine comprising an alcohol storage tank,a vaporizer,a catalyst containing reactor,a dissociated alcohol storage tank,and a by-pass conduit means,said alcohol storage tank being in fluid flow communication with said vaporizer means,said alcohol storage tank being in fluid flow communication with said by-pass conduit means,said vaporizer being in fluid flow communication with said catalyst containing reactor means,said catalyst containing reactor means being in fluid flow communication with said dissociated gas storage tank,said dissociated gas storage tank being in fluid flow communication and internal combustion engine said by-pass conduit means being in fluid flow communication with said internal combustion engine whereby peak operating capacity being handled by addition of liquid alcohol through said by-pass conduit.

Abstract: In a reactor consisting essentially of a monolithic substrate containing a plurality of substantially parallel channels having catalytic surfaces and means for charging a reactant stream into the channels and recovering a product stream from the channels, an improvement comprising; positioning a plurality of passageways through the monolithic substrate generally parallel to the channels with the passageways being adapted to pass a heat exchange fluid through the monolithic substrate.

Abstract: A method of making high strength coke briquettes suitable for use as blast furnace coke comprising,(a) providing coal,(b) heating the coal at a temperature at or above the softening point of the coal to form partially carbonized char,(c) cooling the partially carbonized char below the softening point of the coal,(d) mixing the cooled partially carbonized char and tar to form a mixture of tar and partially carbonized char,(e) briquetting the mixture of tar and partially carbonized char to form briquettes of tar and partially carbonized char,(f) calcinating the briquettes to form high strength briquettes.

Abstract: A matrix of frozen dessert having dispersed therein at least one edible inner bit with a water soluble first coating and having a substantially water insoluble second coating thereover, the inner bit being supported by the frozen state. Preferably an outer coating encloses the frozen matrix which additionally includes thereon at least one edible outer bit having a water soluble coating and color film, the outer bit being supported by the matrix coating.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for communicating the surface and a subterranean coal seam via a borehole positioned to provide access for the positioning of power transmission and fluid transmission lines from the seam to the surface, the improvement comprising; extending a portion of the borehole beneath the seam, casing at least a portion of the extension of the borehole and thereafter pumping water from the borehole extension.

Abstract: In a process for producing synthesis gas by reacting a solid carbonaceous fuel with water in the presence of a carbon dioxide acceptor to produce a synthesis gas rich in hydrogen with at least a portion of the carbon dioxide so produced being reacted with the carbon dioxide acceptor to produce calcium carbonate and to provide sufficient heat to maintain a desired reaction temperature, an improvement comprising; the use of finely-divided wood as the solid carbonaceous fuel.

Abstract: A method for producing a synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor by feeding a mixture of finely divided silica and at least one finely divided calcium compound selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate to a fluidized bed; operating the fluidized bed at suitable conditions to produce pellets of synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor and recovering the pellets of synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor from the fluidized bed. Optionally, spent synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor can be charged to the fluidized bed to produce regenerated pellets of synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor.

Abstract: A method for producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous stream and carbonaceous agglomerates from a heavy crude oil by charging the crude oil and finely divided carbonaceous solids to a rotary kiln with the crude oil and carbonaceous solids being charged in a weight ratio from about 0.6 to about 1.5; tumbling the crude oil and finely divided carbonaceous solids in the rotary kiln at a temperature from about 850.degree. to about 1000.degree. F. for up to about 30 minutes to produce a vaporous stream and agglomerate particles containing a residual portion of the crude oil and finely divided carbonaceous solids; separating the agglomerate particles into a product portion of a desired particle size range and a recycle portion; grinding the recycle portion to produce the finely divided carbonaceous solids and heating the finely divided carbonaceous solids prior to recycling the carbonaceous solids to mixture with the crude oil.

Abstract: A method for removing hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide from gaseous mixtures by adjusting the mol ratio of hydrogen sulfide to nitric oxide to a value from about 0.5 to about 1.1 and thereafter mixing a free oxygen containing gas with the gaseous mixture to provide a quantity of oxygen greater than about 0.5 mols of oxygen per mol of nitric oxide in the gaseous mixture. Either hydrogen sulfide or nitric oxide may be removed substantially completely.

Abstract: Cephalosporins of the formula ##STR1## R represents hydrogen, sodium, potassium, or certain ester groups, R.sub.1 is in the .alpha.-configuration and is hydrogen or methoxy, X represents hydrogen ##STR2## R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, ##STR3## or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --N--(lower alkyl).sub.2, R.sub.5 represents hydrogen, sodium or potassium, and n represents an integer from 1 to 4. These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkali metal, ##STR2## R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl;R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl;R.sub.4 is hydrogen, --OCONH.sub.2, ##STR3## R.sub.5 is hydrogen or methyl;R.sub.6 is hydrogen, methyl, benzyl or acetyl;R.sub.7 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;R.sub.8 is hydrogen or --CONH.sub.2 ;R.sub.9 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, ##STR4## or --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --N--(lower alkyl).sub.2 ; R.sub.10 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;R.sub.11 is hydrogen, sodium or potassium;n is 1, 2, 3 or 4;m is 0, 1 or 2;p is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: Pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4] benzotriazines having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, nitro, amino, lower alkylamino, di(lower alkyl)amino, --SR.sub.4, --OR.sub.4 or halogen;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or aralkyl;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or a salt forming ion;R.sub.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and Y is oxygen or sulfur.The compounds are useful as intermediates and as antiinflammatory agents.