Abstract: An protective film and a resin layer are stacked on an insulation substrate on which a TFT is formed, and after a contact hole is formed in the resin layer, the protective film below the contact hole is etched and removed. A pixel display electrode is allowed to contact a drain electrode at the area of the contact hole; thus, a liquid crystal display is formed. A cut-out section, which communicates with the lower layer is formed in the drain electrode in the area of the contact hole. Upon forming a TFT section island-shape semiconductor layer so as to provide a TFT, a hole section island-shape semiconductor layer is also formed in the area of the contact hole. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display which can avoid the occurrence of a step discontinuity in the pixel display electrode and the subsequent disconnection in the pixel display electrode.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal display apparatus driving method capable of preventing display quality deterioration caused by action of DC voltage components exerted on a liquid crystal layer. Common electrode potential set at counter potential K5 for correcting a first DC voltage component &Dgr;V1 ascribable to parasitic capacitance of TFT is shifted to correction potential K6 for correcting a second DC voltage component &Dgr;V2 ascribable to characteristics of each substrate. Since the second DC voltage component &Dgr;V2 ascribable to difference in characteristics between the substrates and the first DC voltage component &Dgr;V1 ascribable to parasitic capacitance are corrected beforehand, the DC voltage component acting upon the liquid crystal layer is kept as small as possible, thereby preventing an image persistence or the like, so that the reliability of the liquid crystal display apparatus improves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polycarbonate resin composition comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin and (B) 0.001 to 20 parts by weight of a siloxane compound which is a polyorganosiloxane having such a structure that at least (1) an aromatic hydrocarbon group, (2) an aliphatic or aromatic organic group having at least one carboxylic acid ester linkage, ether linkage or mixture thereof, and (3) a phosphorus atom-containing group, are bonded to the silicon atoms therein.

Abstract: An optical recording medium includes a substrate having groove and land areas, in which address pits having substantially the same depth and which are formed deeper than the groove area are provided. By thus forming the address pits deeper than the groove area, address information can be reproduced accurately, and the optical recording medium can readily be manufactured by making the address pits which are respectively formed in the groove and land areas to have substantially the same depth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a detergent which comprises an aqueous solution containing not less than 2% by weight of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester and which is capable of remaining transparent for one week or more at 5° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel pharmaceutical kit comprising a controlled release pharmaceutical compositions for oral use containing midodrine and/or its active metabolite desglymidodrine. The controlled release composition is designed to release midodrine and/or desglymidodrine after oral intake in a manner which enables absorption to take place in the gastrointestinal tract so that a relatively fast peak plasma concentration of the active metabolite desglymidodrine is obtained, followed by a prolonged and relatively constant plasma concentration of desglymidodrine. The invention also provides a method for treating orthostatic hypotension and/or urinary incontinence, the method comprising administration to a patient in need thereof of an effective amount of midodrine and/or desglymidodrine in a kit.

Abstract: A composite active-matrix substrate includes: a plurality of active-matrix substrates which are disposed adjacent to one another; a base substrate which is disposed to oppose a bottom surface of the active-matrix substrates; a sealant which is disposed in the form of a frame between the active-matrix substrate and the base substrate; a first filler which fills a spacing surrounded by the active-matrix substrate, the base substrate, and the sealant; and a second filler which fills a gap between edges of the active-matrix substrates. The sealant prevents the first filler from seeping out. In this way, seeping of an adhesive filler can be prevented in the arrangement where a plurality of active-matrix substrates are fixed on the base substrate using the adhesive filler. An electromagnetic wave capturing device according to the present invention uses such a composite active-matrix substrate.

Abstract: A device for easily calculating a value remaining in an electrical apparatus and decreasing with use includes a sensor for detecting a state of use of the electrical apparatus, and issuing an electrical signal corresponding to the detected state, a determining portion for determining a history of use of the electrical apparatus based on the electrical signal sent from the sensor, a communication portion for receiving a standard residual value of a member of the electrical apparatus, a storing portion connected to the communication portion for storing the received residual value, a calculating portion connected to the history determining portion and the storing portion for calculating the value remaining in the electrical apparatus based on the detected history and the stored residual value, and a monitor connected to the calculating portion for displaying the residual value calculated by the calculating portion.

Abstract: The circuit structure of the present invention has a plurality of conductive path layers and at least one interlayer isolating layer formed between the plurality of conductive path layers. Each of the plurality of conductive path layers has at least one conductive path capable of transmitting light or electricity therethrough. Each of a plurality of input/output (I/O) sections is connected to any one of the plurality of conductive paths. Each of the plurality of conductive path layers has a first laminated structure that includes a plurality of first conductive layers and at least one first isolating layer formed therebetween. The interlayer isolating layer has a second laminated structure that includes a plurality of second isolating layers and at least one second conductive layer formed therebetween.

Abstract: On an optical disc including a substrate on which pits having at least two different depths are formed, main information is recorded by the shape of the pits and additional information is recorded by the depth of the pit. It is possible to reverse polarity of a tangential push-pull signal dependent on the depth of the pit, and therefore it becomes possible to record information utilizing the depth of the pit. This improves recording density of the optical disc. Further, when information of the optical disc is to be copied, the information recorded by the depth of the pit cannot be copied. Therefore, unauthorized reproduction can be prevented.

Abstract: Light emitted from a semiconductor laser is converted by a collimator lens into a collimated light, which enters into an objective lens of high NA and forms a condensed spot within an optical disk. The light emitted from the semiconductor laser is S-polarized light that oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence.

Abstract: An aberration detecting method of the present invention is arranged such that a light beam, having passed through an optical convergence system provided in an optical pickup device, illuminates a flat section of an optical disk, and using the light beam which has been reflected, and the aberration occurring in the two-element objective lens is detected.

Abstract: This invention relates to cell lines that are obtained using cultured cell lines derived from human liver as a host and that stably express a number of human cytochromes P450. The human liver-derived cultured cell lines of the present invention are useful in, for example, analyzing an enzyme participating in the metabolism of xenobiotics or endogenous substrates, because of their stable expression of human cytochromes P450 CYP1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4.

Abstract: According to a method of measuring a thickness, to measure a thickness d of a liquid crystal layer 11, a property of reflected light is utilized, in that the light returns maintaining the same polarizing plane as that of an entrance when a polarizing plane-maintaining condition is satisfied in which a difference in optical path lengths between an ordinary ray and an extraordinary ray of the reflected light is a sum of an integer multiple of the wavelength and a half-wavelength or an integer multiple, to find a wavelength at which the polarizing plane-maintaining condition is satisfied. A reasonable &Dgr;n·d is thereby found. This is performed for a plurality of wavelengths to find a relational expression of a wavelength and &Dgr;n·d. A known combination of a wavelength &lgr; and &Dgr;n is assigned to the relational expression to find d.

Abstract: A perforated tray without downcomer in accordance with the present invention satisfies following conditions: (a) The hole has a diameter of 10 mm to 25 mm. (b) Two adjacent holes are spaced by a distance of 1.2 d to 3 d, measured between the two centers. (c) The tray thickness is 2 mm to 8 mm. (d) The opening ratio is 10% to 30%. A perforated tray tower without downcomer fitted with two or more such perforated trays without downcomer in accordance with the present invention satisfies following conditions: (g) Perforated trays are spaced by a distance of 0.1 D to 0.5 D (D denotes the tower diameter). (h) The levelness of each perforated tray is 8 mm or less. (i) If a plurality of perforated trays are used at the same stage, the two most closely located holes that respectively belong to adjacent perforated trays are spaced by a distance of 50 mm to 150 mm, measured between the two centers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has data signal lines consisting of recurrently formed first, second, and third lines that have open ends and are used for data entry, first diodes formed on the first lines, and second diodes formed on the second lines and having an opposite polarity to the first diodes. In this liquid crystal display device, a test for uneven display of colors is conducted by putting a short-circuiting bar for supplying testing voltages to the data signal lines in contact with the data signal lines.

Abstract: The laminated film of the present invention comprises: an outermost layer (A) comprising a polybutylene terephthalate homopolymer, a polybutylene terephthalate copolymer or a mixture of the polybutylene terephthalate homopolymer and the polybutylene terephthalate copolymer; and an innermost layer (B) comprising a heat-sealing resin, the outermost layer (A) having a shape factor of not less than 2.2, which shows a peak shape of Raman spectrum thereof and is represented by the following formula (1): Shape factor=La/Lb  (1) wherein La and Lb represent peak widths being present on higher- and lower-frequency sides, respectively, relative to a perpendicular line drawn from a peak top to a base line formed by a tangent line taken before and after the peak based on carbonyl stretching vibration, and being taken along a horizontal line at a height corresponding to one half of an intensity of the peak. The laminated film is prevented from being curled upon heat-sealing.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprising: a semiconductor substrate having a light receiving or emitting element; a condenser lens provided above the element; a first transparent film provided on the condenser lens for planarization over the condenser lens; a light-transmittable optical element provided above the first transparent film; and a second transparent film interposed between the first transparent film and the optical element; wherein the first transparent film is comprised of a fluorine compound so that the first transparent film is lower in refractive index than the condenser lens and the second transparent film is lower in water- and oil-repellent properties than the first transparent film.

Abstract: On one side of a microwave entrance window that is exposed to the atmosphere, a slot plate having slots and a resonant unit are provided. The slot plate and the resonant unit are integrally placed to be slidable by linear guides with respect to a process chamber. In this way, a plasma processing apparatus can be provided that performs a highly uniform plasma process and is excellent in terms of plasma generation property.

Abstract: In order to provide an optical disk of a small radius suitably used in recording/reproducing data at a high density and an optical disk apparatus capable of according/reproducing information into/from such an optical disk, the optical disk of the present invention uses both the grooves and lands as recording tracks. each recording track is divided into a plurality of sectors each including an address segments ASG 0 and ASG 1, and data segments DSG 0-DSG 52. The address segment 0 (ASG 0) and address segment 1 (ASG 1) respectively have wobbled areas in the opposite side walls, by which the address information is recorded. The data segments are non-wobbled DC grooves. Further, each segment is provided with a clock mark.