Abstract: A transmitter and receiver for spread spectrum communications using a Fourier series coefficients module, a notch gate, a fast Fourier transform module, and memory. The Fourier series coefficient module generates magnitude and phase values of a Fourier series. The notch gate notches the Fourier series coefficients at selected bands of frequencies. The selected band of frequencies are chosen so as not to provide interference with a preexisting user such as a cellular user, microwave user, or other radio communications. The fast Fourier transform generates from the notched Fourier series coefficients a spreading signal. The spreading signal has notches in its spectrum so as not to cause interference with the preexisting users. At the transmitter, the spreading signal is used to spread-spectrum process message data to generate a spread-spectrum signal for transmitting over a communications channel. At the receiver, the spreading signal is used to despread a receive spread-spectrum signal.

Abstract: A dynamic capacity allocation spread spectrum CDMA communications system for overlaying, at least in part, geographically and in frequency a radio-relay system. A first receiver, located near the relay receiver of the radio-relay system, measures a first power level within the relay bandwidth of the radio-relay system. A second receiver, located near the relay receiver, measures a second power level outside the relay bandwidth of the radio-relay system. The first power level is compared to a predetermined threshold. A ratio signal is generated from the first power level and the second power level. When the first power level exceeds the predetermined threshold, the ratio signal is used to regulate the power level and dynamically allocate the capacity transmitted from each spread-spectrum-base station.

Abstract: A spread-specttrm CDMA communications system for locating remote units, and for communicating message data between a plurality of remote units and a base station. The spread-spectrum CDMA communications system includes a plurality of base stations and a plurality of remote units. A base station has a spread-spectrummodulator for spread-spectrum processing the message data, and a transmitter for transmitting the spread-spectrum processed-message data, combined with a generic-chip-code signal, from the base station to a remote unit. The base station also has an antenna, and spread-spectrum detectors for recovering message-data communicated from the remote-units. A remote-unit has an antenna, and a detector coupled to the antenna for recovering data communicated from the base station. The detector includes a spread spectrum demodulator. Also, the remote unit has a device for converting the format of the data into a form suitable for communicating over radio waves, a spread spectrum modulator and a transmitter.

Abstract: A spread-spectrum code division multiple access interference canceler for reducing interference in a direct sequence CDMA receiver having N chip-code channels. The interference canceler includes a plurality of correlators or matched filters, a plurality of spread-spectrum-processing circuits, subtracting circuits, and channel correlators or channel-matched filters. Using a plurality of chip-code signals, the plurality of correlators despreads the spread-spectrum CDMA signal as a plurality of despread signals, respectively. The plurality of spread-spectrum-processing circuits uses a timed version of the plurality of chip-code signals, for spread-spectrum processing the plurality of despread signals, respectively, with a chip-code-signal corresponding to a respective despread signal. For recovering a code channel using an i.sup.

Abstract: A wireless telephone debit card communications system comprising a radio telephone, a base station, and an end station. The radio telephone includes a processor; a reader for reading a credit amount and a telephone number of a debit card; a writer for changing the credit amount and the telephone number of the debit card; and a transceiver for communicating, using radio waves, a credit signal. The base station receives and relays the credit signal over a communications channel to the end station, The end station includes a switch to generate a first control signal to allocate the credit amount of the debit card to the radio telephone, and to assign a telephone number of the radio telephone to the telephone number of the debit card with a communications path through the base station. The end station also generates a second control signal for changing the credit cunt and the telephone number of the debit card.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding and convolutionally decoding a data word of a data word sequence. Each data word has k bits. An encoder selects, using a trellis encoding algorithm and a previous data word, a 2.sup.k subset of signal points from a square set of M by M signal points having X coordinates and Y coordinates. The square set of M by M signal points includes a constellation of 2.sup.k+l signal points. The encoder selects, using the data word, a signal point from the selected subset of signal points. A modulator generates a first frequency-shift-keying (FSK) signal and a second FSK signal from the selected signal point. A demodulator demodulates the first FSK signal as a received X coordinate and the second FSK signal as a received Y coordinate. A decoder estimates, using a second processor, a 2.sup.k received subset of signal points using the convolutionally decoding algorithm and a previously received data word.

Abstract: A spread spectrum CDMA communications system for communicating data and/or digitized voice between a plurality of users to a plurality of PCN units. The spread spectrum communications system is located within a same geographical region as occupied by an existing FDMA, proposed TDMA or any other mobile cellular system. The spread spectrum CDMA communications system includes a plurality of PCN-base stations and a plurality of PCN units. A PCN-base station has a comb filter for notch filtering predetermined channels of the mobile cellular system, a device for converting the format of the data into a form suitable for communicating over radio waves, a spread spectrum modulator for spread spectrum processing the data, and transmitter for transmitting the spread spectrum processed converted data from the PCN-base station to a PCN unit. The PCN-base station also has an antenna, and spread spectrum detectors for recovering data communicated from the PCN units.

Abstract: A retrofit circuit for communication one of three conditions from a line interface unit (LIU) to a receiver unit (RU), using only one external connection between the LIU and the RU. The LIU has a detection circuit and two resistors. The RU has a voltage comparator. The detection circuit outputs a first input signal in response to a signal having ESF and no yellow alarm, a second input signal in response to a signal having ESF and yellow alarm, a third input signal in response to a signal having SF with no yellow alarm, and a fourth input signal in response to a signal having SF with yellow alarm. The resistors output to the external connection a first voltage level in response to the first and third input signals, a second voltage level in response to the second and third input signals, and a third voltage level in response to the second and fourth input signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling hand-off in a spread-spectrum-CDMA-communications system, for radio devices moving from one cell to another, with each cell having a base station transmitting spread spectrum signals with generic-chip-code signals. A radio device includes a cellular antenna, matched filters, and detectors for detecting generic-chip-code signals embedded in spread-spectrum-communications signals. A comparator generates a comparison signal by comparing the relative time of arrival of a second detected signal with a first detected signal. A receiver-message-chip-code generator generates a replica of the message-chip-code signal, and a message mixer despreads the spread-spectrum-communications signal.

Abstract: A vehicle security system including a key switch, a first relay, a second relay, a first timer, a second timer, a warning device, and a push-button switch. The key switch activates and deactivates the system. Once the key switch is in an operative position and the system is activated, the vehicle's ignition switch in an operative position activates the second relay. Operation of the second relay, or of a vehicle door switch, activates the first relay which starts the first and second timers. The first timer initiates a first timing delay and, at the end of this timing delay, activates the warning device. The warning device warns the driver that the alarm sequence has been initiated. The push-button switch initiates an engine standby mode. The second timer initiates a second timing delay and cuts off the engine unless a standby mode is initiated before the end of the second timing delay.

Abstract: A cryptographic communications apparatus and method for use with a first terminal, a file server, a key distribution center and a communications channel. The method is made simple by using classical-key-encryption algorithms for electronic generation of session keys. The terminal is verified at a key distribution center, using time stamp and secret identification numbers. Each path is encrypted, with each encrypted message decoded at the key distribution center and file server.

Abstract: A radio response system including a broadcast station, a satellite relay, a processing center, and a plurality of user terminals. Each user terminal has a broadcast receiver, a communications interface device, a controller and a data transmitter. The broadcast station broadcasts a program signal. The broadcast receiver receives the program signal. The communications interface device communicates the program signal to a user. The controller generates a user-data signal from identification information transmitted in connection with the program signal and/or timing, location and frequency information needed for identifying the program signal, and a user-input signal generated in response to the program signal. The data transmitter transmits the user-data signal at a carrier frequency as a transmitted-data signal. The satellite relays the user-data signal to the processing center.

Abstract: Object spaces which mechanize higher order relationships between attributes which describe a particular problem domain. An abstract object description defined by a set of attributes and their corresponding values is transformed into a mixed-resolution, N-dimensional object space. The mixed-resolution, N-dimensional object space represents a mechanized, logically encoded expression of attribute relationships that can be visualized. The method and apparatus interleave the frame to generate an object descriptor and generate from the frame and the object descriptor, encoded names of spatial locations for each of the N dimensions of the mixed-resolution, N-dimensional, object space, conforming to a primary form of a reflected binary code. A virtual image of the N-dimensional, object space is generated from the dimensional-spatial locations and resolution-spatial locations, and attribute values corresponding to a region of the virtual image may be selected for display.

Abstract: An apparatus for adaptive-power control of a spread-spectrum transmitter of a mobile station operating in a cellular-communications network using spread-spectrum modulation. A base station transmits a first spread-spectrum signal. A mobile station has an automatic-gain-control circuit for generating an AGC-output signal, from a received signal. The received signal includes the first spread-spectrum signal and an interfering signal.

Abstract: A multiple media system having a central site and a remote site for customizing video and audio presentations comprising a communications channel, a studio processor, a scheduling processor, a network processor, a transmitter, a communications processor, a video processor, and optionally a matrix switch, a cue processor, a matrix-switch processor and a system monitor. The studio processor generates one or more content data signals. The content data signals maybe analog or digital, and include text signals, phototext signals and/or audio signals. The scheduling processor generates a schedule data signal, which includes a unique identifier, accounting, administrative and scheduling data. The network processor generates a communication signal which includes the one or more content data signals and the schedule data signals formatted with the video signal. The transmitter transmits the communications signal over the communications channel.

Abstract: Two, three or more competitive personal communications network spread spectrum systems share spectrum without interfering with each other, without significantly decreasing the chip rate of each PCN system, and without increasing the level of interference seen by fixed service users. A duopoly of spread spectrum communications system includes a first transmitter station, a second transmitter station, a first receiver station and a second receiver station. A transmitter at the second transmitter station transmits a spread spectrum signal on a carrier frequency which is offset from the carrier frequency of the first transmitter at the transmitter station by the chip rate. A tripoly of spread spectrum communication system includes the elements of the duopoly spread spectrum system and further includes a third transmitter station and a third receiver station.

Abstract: An access control mechanism for granting, revoking, and denying authorization to computer system objects using a customer supplied set of verbs, parameters, attributes, and functions. The access control mechanism employs a processor for providing access controls to objects comprising subject memory, verb memory, object memory, definition memory, rule memory and an evaluator. The processor may be embodied as a microprocessor and memory, or a computer using software. The subject memory stores specified user attributes in a matrix having information for each user on each row, with user attributes in each field. The object memory stores object names, object attributes, and rules for defined verb names. The definition memory stores field definitions, external function declarations and strings. The rule memory stores rule names with their associated boolean expressions.

Abstract: A low cost spread spectrum modulator for BPSK, or Binary Phase Shift Keying capable of outputting the high modulation rate and suppressed carrier output needed in spread spectrum systems. The present invention provides high quality BPSK modulation without the double balance mixers as required in the prior art, thereby dispensing with the necessity of complex transistor/potonciometer or diode/transformer arrangements. The present invention provides BPSK modulation utilizing only one transformer, which can be adjusted for carrier suppression and two transistors, FET's, or digital logic gates or the like, allowing the present system to be driven from low power CMOS logic levels, yet producing eight db of gain. The present invention may also be utilized as a frequency multiplier, with the utilization of the appropriately high frequency transistor, FET, digital logic gate, or the like.

Abstract: A delay device for delaying a received signal as a delayed-received signal, and a correlator for estimating a phase angle between the received signal and the delayed-received signal. A parametric encoder estimates a phase angle between the received signal and a delayed-received signal.