Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene-2,5- dicarboxylic acid derivatives selected from the group consisting of compounds of the general formulae IV and V: comprising carrying out at least 2 steps in accordance with formula scheme 1 without isolation of intermediates, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are a linear or branched, optionally substituted alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A is lithium, sodium or potassium, and Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, wherein the formula scheme 1 comprises:

Abstract: Cleaning compositions which, as powder or as aqueous formulation based on sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and/or sugar, comprise a water-soluble polymeric polycarboxylate as dispersant with the exception of those formulations containing only sodium bicarbonate and polyaspartic acids and/or their salts, to the use of these cleaning compositions for the abrasive cleaning of hard surfaces. A method for cleaning surfaces contaminated with deposits using these cleaning compositions.

Abstract: A method of making sheet bar and other precursors of formed products to be made by extensive working. The method includes providing a powder metal, preferably under 100 PPM oxygen content of non-spherical particles, compacting the powder into a coherent precursor form of at least 100 pounds, whereby a precursor is provided enabling extended fabrication to a finished product form. The finished product is resistant to breakup in fabrication due to oxide inclusion effect and produces a low oxygen end product. The method can process multiple species of metals that include at least one higher melting metal and one lower melting metal to produce an alloy or micro-composite of the metals as worked, where one metal is preferably a refractory metal (Ta, Nb, W, Wo, Zr, Hf, V and Re). The process is controlled to cause powder of the higher melting metal to be extended into a fibrous form.

Abstract: Metal nitride compound powder substrate for capacitor anodic oxide film and the substrate interface therebetween, characterized, relative to un-nitrided analogs, by reduced temperature bias and frequency dependencies of capacitance, the substrate-anodic oxide interface being substantially insensitive to heating compared to the un-nitrided analog.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprising a pair of glass or plastic plates or plastic films of which at least one plate or film, preferably both plates or films, are provided on in each case one side with an electrically conductive coating, of which at least one plate or film and its conductive coating is transparent, of which the other may be mirrored, and of which in the case of at least one of the two plates or films the electrically conductive layer can be divided into separate, individually contacted area segments and the conductive coatings can be connected at at least one point to an electrical conductor, where the plates or films are joined together via a sealing ring on the sides of their conductive coating, and the volume formed by the two plates or films and the sealing ring is filled with an electrochromic medium which comprises at least one reducible electrochromic compound OX2 and at least one oxidizable electrochromic compound RED1, in which the electrochromic medium also comprises a further reducib

Abstract: A paste is described for the production of sintered refractory metal layers, particularly for electrolytic capacitor anodes, consisting of 40 to 92% by weight of a refractory metal powder as a discrete phase, and of a continuous phase which substantially consists of organic compounds which are synthesised from carbon, oxygen and hydrogen only, wherein the ratio of the number of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms is at least 0.5, and optionally consisting of a solvent which evaporates below 150° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrochromic arrangements in a layered structure which are characterized in that one layer contains an electrically conductive electrochromic polydioxythiophene, another layer comprises an electrolyte containing a protonic acid, and another layer comprises an ion storage or a mixture of ion storages.

Abstract: Electroluminescent assembly comprising a substrate, an anode, an electroluminescent element and a cathode, where at least one of the two electrodes is transparent in the visible spectral region and the electroluminescent element comprises one or more zones selected from the group consisting of a hole injection zone, a hole transport zone, an electroluminescent zone, an electron transport zone and an electron injection zone in the specified order, where each of the zones present may also assume functions of the other zones mentioned, characterized in that the electroluminescent element contains a thiophenecarboxylate-metal complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particularly advantageous method for producing aryl thiols through the catalytic hydrogenation of diaryldisulphides. According to the invention, the hydrogenation is carried out in a basic alcoholic medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing phosphoric acid esters, in particular a process for preparing monomeric bridged bisaryl diphosphates, wherein a water-binding agent is added to the reaction solution.

Abstract: A method for making a polyurea coating by: (a) coating a substrate with a coating composition containing effective coating-forming amounts of (i) a polyisocyanate component, and (ii) an polyaspartic ester mixture. The invention also relates to the coatings made by the method, the polyaspartic ester mixtures used to make the coatings, and methods to make the mixtures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production or preparation of 2,6-dichlorotoluol by the catalytic hydrodechlorination of polychlorotoluol-containing mixtures in the presence of hydrogen, whereby the reaction is performed in the presence of an aluminium silicate-supported Pd-containing catalyst.

Abstract: The present application relates to the use of 2-mercapto-pyridine N-oxide and/or its alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts and its metal complexes for the preservation of animal skins and leather.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions that may be cured under the action of UV radiation and contain A) 40 to 80 parts by weight of a polyester resin component containing one or more ethylenically unsaturated polyester resins prepared from a carboxylic acid component containing a 1,2-alkenyl dicarboxylic acid monodicyclopentenyl ester and fumaric acid, maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride and an alcohol component containing a dyhydric alcohol, B) 20 to 60 parts by weight of a copolymerizable monomer such as styrene and C) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a photoinitiator. The present invention also relates to coated substrates, in particular wood or imitation wood, prepared from these compositions at an application viscosity of less than 60 seconds measured at 23° C. in a DIN 4 cup to DIN 53211 under the action of UV radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning a metallic or an enameled surface comprising flooding a metallic surface contaminated with deposits with a mixture comprising (i) water, (ii) chippings of woods selected from the group consisting of merantis, bongossis, mahoganies, sipos, khayas, lauans, and sapellis, and (iii) a member selected from the group consisting of polyaspartic acid, salts of polyaspartic acid, and polysuccinimide, and thereby cleaning the surface.

Abstract: Methyl carbazate which is particularly pure and has a particularly low tendency toward discoloration is obtained from hydrazine and dimethyl carbonate if the two reactants are metered simultaneously into an initially introduced first solvent at from −20 to +30° C., the solvent and low-boiling components are then distilled off under reduced pressure, and then either a second solvent is added to the crude methyl carbazate present and this solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure or an inert gas is passed through the crude methyl carbazate present.

Abstract: Benzyl alcohols, particularly those which bear fluorine substituents or fluoroalkyl substituents on the benzyl ring, can be obtained by formylation of corresponding aryl bromides to form benzaldehydes and reduction of the latter using further formate, wherein the benzaldehydes formed do not have to be isolated.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted cinnamic acids and cinnamic acid esters of formula (I), wherein X represents F, Cl or J and R1 and R2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-C10-alkyl radical or an optionally substituted benzyl radical. Substituted indanone carboxylic acid esters are produced using said substituted cinnamic acid and cinnamic acid ester in a technically simple and non-dangerous manner as far as safety is concerned.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing trimethylolpropane with simultaneous formation of formate salts of the formula M(OOCH)n  (I), where M represents the alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and/or the alkaline earth metals beryllium, calcium, strontium, barium and n is 1 when M is an alkali metal and is 2 when M is an alkaline earth metal, where n-butyraldehyde, formaldehyde and a base are reacted by the inorganic Cannizzaro process and the reaction mixture formed is subjected to vapour pressure filtration as a suspension, if appropriate after partly removing distillable constituents, such as water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing lithium transition metalates of the general formula (I): Lix(M1yM21−y)nOnz, where M1 represents lithium, cobalt or manganese; M2 represents cobalt, iron, manganese or aluminium and is not equal to M1; n is equal to 2 if M1=M, and 1 in all other cases; x is a number between 0.9 and 1.2; y is a number between 0.5 and 1.0; and z is a number between 1.9 and 2.1. According to the method, an intimate solid mixture is produced of oxygen-containing compounds of the transition metals and oxygen-containing lithium compounds and this mixture calcinated in a reactor, whereby calcination takes place at least partly at an absolute pressure of less than 0.5 bar.