Abstract: A developing device and a blade of the developing device, includes a contact section which is in plane contact with a development roller, and an inclined section which extends from an end of the contact section so as to form a flare at an inflow section of a one-component developer between the blade and development roller. When a flare angle between the blade having the flare and a line tangent to the development roller is denoted by a tilt angle &thgr;, 30°≦&thgr;≦90°. Thus, if the flare angle at the inflow section of the one-component developer between the blade and development roller is optimized, even when the one-component developer deteriorates with time, for example, the flowability is changed with time, it is possible to provide a developing device and a blade of the developing device capable of forming a one-component developer layer with an extremely stable deposit of one-component developer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided, in which a liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is provided in a gap between a pair of substrates each having an electrode, wall-shaped convex portions are provided so as to surround display pixels on at least one of the substrates, a homeotropic alignment film is provided on a surface of each of the substrates contacting the liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are aligned substantially in a direction perpendicular to the pair of substrates when a voltage is not applied, and the liquid crystal molecules are axially symmetrically aligned in each of the display pixels formed by opposing portions of the electrodes when a voltage is applied. In this device, the gap between the substrates is maintained by spacers dispersed on one of the substrates after the alignment film is formed, and the number of spacers in each of the display pixels is zero or one.

Abstract: Disclosed are a P-type GaAs single crystal having an average dislocation density of 500 cm−2 or lower, and a manufacturing method therefor. The P-type GaAs single crystal is characterized by containing, as dopants, Si at an atomic concentration of from 1×1017 to 1×1019 cm−3 and Zn at an atomic concentration of from 2×1018 to 6×1019 cm−3. Further, as another example, B is contained at an atomic concentration of from 1×1017 to 1×1020 cm−3.

Abstract: An orientation film is formed over an electrode substrate via external connection terminals and a surface of the orientation film is processed by the rubbing method. The orientation film on the external connection terminals is irradiated with an ultraviolet laser beam so that the orientation film is removed from the external connection terminals for electrically connecting to terminals of peripheral circuits. Energy density of the ultraviolet laser beam is adjusted to a range of 110 to 210 mJ/cm2 with an attenuator.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a communication apparatus capable of communicating by transmitting and receiving a protocol signal in accordance with a predetermined protocol, when receiving a DIS without receiving an ANSam signal, or not receiving a CM signal within a predetermined period after transmission of the ANSam signal. With a line connection established, when a calling station receives a DIS without receiving the ANSam signal, the calling station sends a DCS signal or an NSS and then executes the protocol according to Recommendation T.30. Further, with a line connection established, when a called station does not receive the CM signal within a predetermined time t1 after transmission of the ANSam signal, the called station sends the DIS with bit number 6 reset, and executes the protocol according to Recommendations T.30 in response to the DCS signal or NSS sent from the destination communication apparatus. Furthermore, the protocol according to Recommendations V.8 and V.

Abstract: A composite casting process for the production of brake elements is described. The brake element has a hub and a flange for fastening to a vehicle wheel, and brake body component bearing a friction surface for interaction with brake jaws for braking The brake body component is made of a first cast iron material having lamellar graphite with a high resistance to thermal shocks, and the hub and the flange are made of a second cast iron material with a higher-grade tensile strength greater than the tensile strength of the first cast iron material. The brake body component is connected to the hub by forming a material union between the hub and the brake body component by casting a melt of one of the cast iron materials on a solid body of the other cast iron material that is placed into a mold cavity. After the casting of the melt forming the material union, which forms a juncture between the cast iron materials, a temperature is provided that is at least 10° C.

Abstract: In an image-forming section, a communication device is attached to the top surface of a developing cartridge that is detachably attached to a developing device, and a main body side communication device is attached to a copying machine main body in a manner so as to face the top portion of the communication device. When a loading operation of the developing cartridge to the copying machine main body is carried out, the main body side communication device detects this operation, and sends an electric wave for an electrical supply to the developing cartridge. The communication device transmits individual information of the developing cartridge by means of radio waves, and the main body side communication device receives, demodulates and reads this information. Based upon the results thereof, it makes a judgment as to conformity and suitability of the developing cartridge, and displays the results of the judgement or gives a warning as to the results.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has the following characteristics: the diameter of an exposure beam for exposing a latent image is not more than twice a minimum dot recording period p in peak intensity 1/e2, and the value of a spatial frequency characteristic function of a latent image defined by the thickness of a photoreceptor layer, the dielectric constant of the photoreceptor layer, the thickness of a developer layer, the dielectric constant of the developer layer and a spatial frequency &ohgr; defined as &ohgr;=&pgr;/p is at least 0.3. The image forming apparatus having such characteristics can reproduce an image of high resolution exceeding 600 to 1200 DPI with high fidelity.

Abstract: A Ni film for a ground metal film is formed on an insulating substrate by direct current magnetron sputtering process, which prevents occurrence of minute protrusions on a surface of the ground metal film. Next, a Ni film is patterned into a specified interconnection form to obtain a patterned Ni film. Then, an anti-corrosive Au film having low resistance is formed on the patterned Ni film by electroless plating process. Further, an inexpensive Cu film having low resistance is formed on the Au film by electroplating process.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating and displaying undistorted images of a field of view containing undesirable motion and/or time varying magnetic field inhomogeneities, uses a time series of magnetic resonance (MR) image signals, corresponding to a time series of MR images, generated by a single-shot imaging technique without shot-to-shot phase encoding. Signals are stored and analyzed to identify missing and/or deteriorated images (including image portions, image lines or image line segments). Identified missing and/or deteriorated images are compensated for by replacement, repair or otherwise. MR image signals representative of a specified time series are selected. Then, selected signals of corresponding portions of the field of view are averaged. The invention may be used to present: a continuously updated time series of images; a time series of images with only a specified portions of the image updated in each display; or an entire time series of images re-created in any desired sequence.

Abstract: A thermomagnetic recording and reproducing head includes a floating slider, and a heating head, a reproduction-use magnetic head as an MR head and a recording-use magnetic head as a thin-film inductive head mounted on the floating slider in this order from an upstream side of a track. The heating section of the heating head is formed by boron nitride or ruthenium oxide, and has a width narrower than the widths of the reproduction-use magnetic head and recording-use magnetic head. Moreover, the recording layer of a disk medium is made from an N-type ferrimagnetic material, the coercive force of the recording layer at a recording temperature and saturation magnetization thereof at a reproduction temperature are adjusted, and the compensation temperature of the recording layer is adjusted to be substantially room temperature.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin obtained by reacting a carbonate raw material with a dihydroxy compound, having: a ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) to a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of not more than 2.2:1, calculated as polystyrene, when measured by gel permeation chromatography; and a ratio (Mv/Mn′) of a viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv) calculated according to the following formulae, to a number-average molecular weight (Mn′) calculated based on the number of molecular ends, of not more than 1.40:1. &eegr;sp/C=[&eegr;]×(1+0.28&eegr;sp) [&eegr;]=1.23×10−4×(Mv)0.83 wherein &eegr;sp is a specific viscosity of the polycarbonate resin when measured with respect to a methylene chloride solution thereof at 20° C.; and C is a concentration of the methylene chloride solution, in the present case, the methylene chloride solution having a polycarbonate resin concentration of 0.6 g/dl is used.

Abstract: An integrated system for comprehensive control of an electric power generation system utilizes state machine control having particularly defined control states and permitted control state transitions. In this way, accurate, dependable and safe control of the electric power generation system is provided. Several of these control states may be utilized in conjunction with a utility outage ride-through technique that compensates for a utility outage by predictably controlling the system to bring the system off-line and to bring the system back on-line when the utility returns. Furthermore, a line synchronization technique synchronizes the generated power with the power on the grid when coming back on-line. The line synchronization technique limits the rate of synchronization to permit undesired transient voltages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyamide resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a polyamide resin and 0.001 to 2 parts by weight of at least two kinds of fillers having different average particle sizes from each other, an average particle size of a filler having minimum average particle size in said at least two kinds of fillers being 0.001 to 2 &mgr;m, an average particle size of a filler having maximum average particle size in said at least two kinds of fillers being more than 2 &mgr;m and not more than 15 &mgr;m, said at least two kinds of fillers having the following particle size distribution: (a) 20 to 90% by weight of a filler having a particle size of not more than 2 &mgr;m, (b) 0 to 15% by weight of a filler having a particle size of more than 2 &mgr;m and less than 3 &mgr;m, and (c) 10 to 80% by weight of a filler having a particle size of not less than 3 &mgr;m.

Abstract: The process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate of the present invention comprises subjecting an aromatic diol compound and a carbonic acid diester to transesterification reaction in the presence of a defoaming agent. In the process of the present invention, it is possible to produce a transparent and colorless aromatic polycarbonate having a high quality, at a high polymerization velocity without occurrence of significant foaming phenomenon.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a reflecting plate having excellent reflecting characteristics and a reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus having an improved display quality. A mask has a plurality of basic uneven spot patterns for individual pixels, and two or more uneven regions for at least one basic uneven spot pattern are formed. Any two of the two or more uneven regions appear at least in a relation of parallel displacement in which the uneven spot patterns are displaced in parallel with each other, among relations of parallel displacement, rotational displacement and reversal of uneven spot pattern, and the uneven regions are irregularly arranged. A reflecting plate and a reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus both having convexes are manufactured by an exposure of a photosensitive resin film using the mask. Even in the case where an exposure step is repeated in different positions, no seam is observed.

Abstract: A rubbing treatment apparatus and method of rubbing are described. A rubbing roller has a rotation axis and a rubbing cloth wound around its surface. The rubbing cloth is made with pile yarns which are implanted at cyclic intervals in two directions perpendicular to each other. The rubbing roller is used to contact a surface of a film-to-be-processed which is formed so as to cover a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes formed parallel to each other on a substrate, to be moved together with the substrate in relation to each other to perform a rubbing treatment on the surface of the film-to-be-treated. The rotation axis of the rubbing roller is parallel to the surface during the rubbing treatment. An angle &thgr;3 in a plane parallel to the surface is formed by one of the implanting directions of the pile yarns of the rubbing roller and the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped electrodes of the substrate and is in a range of from +5 degrees to −5 degrees.

Abstract: A sputtering apparatus for forming a sputtered film on a substrate held on a substrate holder in a vacuum chamber includes a target, a deposition preventing plate provided between the target and the substrate holder, a substrate holder carrying mechanism, and a moving mechanism for moving the substrate holder carrying mechanism to change a distance between the substrate and the deposition preventing plate.

Abstract: To meet a main unit downsized and provided with a lot of functions and an interchangeable part made to be versatile by simplification of manufacturing work, thereby preventing increase of the manufacturing cost and decrease of practical utility. When a toner cartridge is mounted to a developing section, a detecting electrode contacts the surface of a first dielectric layer at a position opposed to a pattern electrode of a recognizing portion, and a return electrode of a detecting section contacts the surface of the first dielectric layer at a position opposed to an entire electrode of the recognizing portion. The first dielectric layer is interposed between the detecting electrode and the pattern electrode, and the first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer are interposed between the return electrode and the entire electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for chemically removing a N-terminal methionine residue selectively, specifically and efficiently from a peptide or a salt thereof having an optionally oxidized methinine residue at its N-terminal. The method reacts a peptide or a salt thereof having an optionally oxidized methinine residue at its N-terminal with an &agr;-diketone derivative, followed by hydrolysis.