Abstract: A system of modular, hollow interlocking building elements which can absorb large horizontal or vertical pressures, and thus eradicate or minimize the effects of active pressure. The elements can be connected along each face and stacked one upon the other to form a stable, continuous, multi-directional structure, requiring no cement or other stabilizing material. The system comprises a plurality of base elements, having on slits on the vertical faces, and a plurality of interlocking elements to form layers above the base, having a slit in each of two, three or four vertical faces. The elements are arranged so that the faces having no slit form the outer surface, thus forming a structure having a smooth, continuous outer surface. The elements can be filled with any required filling material. The elements may be used in construction of structures in which active pressure is a factor, such as retaining walls, bridge abutments, ramps and the like.

Abstract: A method for constructing a composite bridge superstructure of simple precast elements. According to the method, the bridge superstucture is comprised of one or more prestressed beams aligned substantially parallel to the bridge longitudinal axis. On top of the prestressed beams, there is placed a plurality of full width, precast deck slabs forming the bridge deck, with the precast deck slabs being transversely disposed side by side, with adjacent slabs attached by joints to complete the bridge deck structure. The deck slabs are spaced from the beams by spacing devices, such that a gap is left between the beams and the deck slabs and the bridge deck structure is prestressed separately from the beams. Subsequent to the prestressing of the deck structure and the beams, the bridge deck structure is connected to the beams by a concrete layer cast in situ in the gap between the bottom face of the precast deck slabs and the top face of the prestressed beams.

Abstract: An anti-irritant disposable diaper to contain solid waste and maintain it and wet absorbent material apart from the skin of the infant, thus removing the two major sources of irritation caused by prior art disposable diapers. The diaper comprises a front portion, a crotch area, a rear portion, and closing arrangement. A rib extending from the top edge of the diaper to the top rear edge of the diaper maintains a gap between the diaper and the skin surface. A solid waste receptacle is retained in the crotch area of the diaper interior, and may comprise a bag attached either to a set of straps, or directly to the sides of the crotch area of the diaper, or to an aperture provided in the diaper. Alternatively, the rigid rib may be provided with a rigid pocket for solid waste containment.

Abstract: A measuring and leveling device constructed with bubble vials for leveling which are movable to the precise point of application, with the measuring scale situated on a surface so constructed as to allow the scale to be located directly against and parallel to the surface to be measured. The device serves for both measuring and leveling tasks in one tool, and is constructed including a body portion provided with a ruler for measuring distances between points, in which the measuring scale is marked on a surface which tapers to a flat edge as in a conventional ruler. The body portion has two parallel tracks along its longitudinal axis, and two clamps situated on the body of the leveling device, each of which is held in place by tabs situated on the underside of the clamps and insertable into the parallel tracks, each clamp including a bubble vial mounting portion into which a bubble vial is fixedly mounted.

Abstract: A heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) having an emitter structure capable of reducing the current crowding effect and preventing thermal instabilities is disclosed, wherein a negative differential resistance. (NDR) element is added to the layer structure of the conventional emitter. In accordance with the invention, the NDR element can be implemented, for example, by a Resonant Tunnel Diode (RTD) or an Esaki Diode structure. The NDR element is designed to limit the tunneling current to the maximal emitter current density required for safe transistor operation, thereby also reducing the current crowding effect.

Abstract: A multi-functional, modular PEMF biophysical stimulation field generator device and healing system using small coils and a PEMF technique to create a high magnetic flux penetration into hard and soft tissues for treatment of a variety of conditions, including fractures and osteoporosis, to achieve an anticipated shorter healing and rehabilitation time. The orthogonally-arranged coils are sequentially-activated to develop a rotating cylindrical energy field focussed on a target area so as to stimulate bone growth. An activation signal having a combined waveform is used to activate the coils, comprising a high frequency carrier wave, which is amplitude-modulated, by a low frequency treatment wave for optimal penetration of biological tissue. In a preferred embodiment, a pre-form wrap is provided as a cast, brace or splint, containing small magnetizing coils, with the wrap being placed circumferentially around the body part containing the treatment site.

Abstract: A wavelength-selectable laser system (10) is achieved by addressing the suitable mode-locked frequency of a multi-length laser cavity formed by multiple wavelength-selective mirrors (20) such as fiber gratings. This is useful for fiber optic communication and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) networks where there is incorporated an information encoder/modulator (22) of the light in the sending side and a detector in the receiving side, which are matched to the laser system.

Abstract: An umbilical cord clamp and cutter assembly with an integral cutting blade. A housing is provided which incorporates a blade, and the housing has removably inserted therein a double clamp in which two clamps are connected by at least one connecting strip. Upon closure of the housing, the double clamp is closed and then the blade becomes engaged and severs the connection between the two clamps. Thus, in one simple one-handed motion, two clamps are closed, and only then the umbilical cord is severed and the clamps are separated in a safe, simple and quick fashion. The motion of closure is similar to other traditional clamps on the market, such that it is easily learned by the user. The two-piece construction simplifies the manufacturing, requiring only the insertion of the double clamp into the housing in a simple motion. The blade is positioned so as to leave minimal tissue after the clamp so as to minimize the opportunity for infection.

Abstract: An electronic ballast for providing electrical energy to one or more fluorescent lamps having electrical discharge filaments. The ballast includes a pre-heating circuit having a first resonant frequency, coupled to pre-heat the filaments. An ignition driver circuit having a second resonant frequency is coupled to ignite an electrical discharge through a gas between the filaments. Power controller circuitry provides power to the pre-heating and ignition driver circuits in succession, so as to ignite the one or more lamps. The power controller circuitry first provides power to the pre-heating circuit substantially at the first resonant frequency and subsequently provides power to the ignition driver circuit substantially at the second resonant frequency, by a smooth operating frequency transition from pre-heating to ignition. The ballast also features a voltage-controlled pre-heating circuit, and circuit configuration capable of igniting the lamps even in the case where one or both of the filaments are broken.

Abstract: An integrated ophthalmic illumination method and system having two integrated light sources, a lamp and an infra-red (IR) diode laser. The lamp light source may be used to produce either monochromatic or color images, as necessary, at high resolution. In a preferred embodiment, color images are provided using an RGBT (red-green-blue-transparent) filter wheel. The filter wheel is divided into four sections or arc sections around the periphery of the wheel. Three of the four partitioned sections are larger and equal sections that comprise the three optical R, G and B filter sections. The fourth section is a transparent, or empty, narrow section that is used for transferring the full original content of the white beam when a monochromatic or chromatic image is desired. The RGBT wheel rotates at a speed of one third of the frame rate of a CCD camera, producing a sequence of definite R, G and B spectral light bursts.

Abstract: A method for providing secure transactions with credit cards by adding a fingerprint scanner at the point-of-sale to obtain fingerprint data, so that a credit card company database can verify the fingerprint data against stored fingerprint information and verify the transaction accordingly. The method is integrated into the existing negotiation protocol between a point-of-sale system and a credit card company database, and uses a human fingerprint and a secure algorithm. The credit card company has the customer fingerprint for comparison on its existing database, and the existing credit card operation will be usual, with the fingerprint data added to it to authenticate and secure the operation via the communication media while making a point-of-sale purchase.

Abstract: An eyelid speculum for separation of the eyelids with an automatic system for irrigation and aspiration. In one embodiment, the speculum is provided as a truncated cone-shaped main body with lid retractors extending out of it in the form of a ring, forming an angle appropriate to the curvature of the eye. Hollow rings are provided in the body of the cone with perforated channels for delivering irrigation fluid and for aspiration. Two syringes are provided, each connected by tubing to one of the hollow rings so as to either deliver irrigation or aspirate excess fluid. The irrigation and aspiration rates are controlled by an electronic processor which controls the rates of both activities independently. In another embodiment, the device is further provided with an illumination unit for trans-illumination via the sclera of the interior of the eyeball.

Abstract: A cylinder lock has a plug deployed within a bore in a cylinder housing. The plug defines a keyway which communicates with a number of pin channels. Disposed within the channels are a number of pins which are displaceable along, and rotatable about, their axis. Each pin has an engagement end, proximal to the keyway, formed with at least two engagement features projecting parallel to, but displaced from, the pin's axis, and separated by at least one depression. Each pin is free to rotate through 360° about it axis. The cylinder lock preferably also includes a key for insertion into the keyway. The key has a seat located to come into alignment with a pin, the seat being formed with at least two depressions separated by an intermediate ridge. The configuration of the seat is such that the pin is rotated by contact with the seat to an angularly aligned position in which its engagement features are aligned with the depressions of the seat.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for temporal comparison of skin surface images which is fully automatic and based on robust parameters, using a CCD camera provided with telecentric optics to enabling the capture of images with constant magnification independent of the camera-object distance. The camera is linked to a PC with a frame grabber for storing the image and processing means for calibrating light and for calculating statistics of the image. The illumination source provides a homogeneous illumination of the skin, and the light is calibrated by transforming an acquired image into the model image which would have resulted if illumination of the object were solely by the reference (white) light. Three monochromatic images are produced, one for each of three color channels. The three images are grabbed and processed, and a combination of these three images gives the true color (red, green and blue or RGB) image.

Abstract: A novel three-dimensional infrared imager for study of the vascular network so as to cause blood vessels to be visualized for accurate subcutaneous puncture during insertion of a hypodermic needle. The invention uses the properties of near infrared light as it is absorbed and reflected by the human body, allowing the user to visualize the tissues a few millimeters in depth from the skin's surface. The use of infrared light permits the manipulation of the acquired information to a grade of sensed visualization, which is impossible to reach with visible light. The invention imitates the human three-dimensional perception by use of a stereoscopic infrared viewer, and is designed to be user friendly, allowing the health care professional to work in his usual manner. A double image is superimposed on the viewer and the user wears blue-red eyeglasses to create the three-dimensional image from the double image on the viewer.

Abstract: A novel closed loop FET biasing circuit featuring a standard logic control format for operational mode switching between operating states of an FET power amplifier. In a preferred embodiment, an FET gate bias control device is provided for configuring a gate bias circuit in an FET power amplifier to accommodate a broad range of output power levels, wherein the configuration is responsive to a command which establishes an FET bias condition. The gate bias control device of the present invention comprises a circuit having a controllable switching unit which connects a plurality of resistors in the source-drain voltage circuit portion individually or in parallel to provide a multiple of resistance values each corresponding to one of four amplifier operating modes.

Abstract: A shelving support system using a locking tab and aperture arrangement, in which an upright member is provided with a pair of rhombic-shaped apertures formed one above the other, each aperture being oriented at 45 degrees to the vertical. The pair of apertures engages a pair of tabs protruding from a shelf support, with orientation matching the apertures, to maintain locking engagement by developing oppositely-directed forces on the tabs, when the support is attached to the upright in cantilever fashion. The attachment is achieved by engagement of the tabs in the apertures first, and then the support is locked via combined horizontal and vertical, diagonally-directed motion. The 45 degree orientation of the apertures enables the upright members to be left and/or right handed, since the reverse side of the apertures is a mirror-image, so that the shelf supports are attachable on this side also, thus reducing the total number of individual components needed for system assembly.

Abstract: A cutter assembly for use in a shaver for shaving hair from the skin of a user includes a casing formed with a static blade configuration and a static bearing surface removed from the static blade configuration. Mounted within the casing is a moving cutter, which has a number of blades and a bearing surface formed to complement the static bearing surface. A spring element biases the moving cutter against the casing so that the complementary bearing surface slides against the static bearing surface, this sliding corresponding to a shearing cutting action of the moving blades relative to the static blade configuration. This reduces the frictional heating between the blades. Also described is a static blade configuration in which extended open-ended slots are reinforcement by transverse support ribs.