Abstract: A method of fabricating an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer in a memory cell to retain charge well in the nitride layer includes the steps of forming a bottom oxide layer on a substrate, depositing a nitride layer and oxidizing a top oxide layer, thereby causing oxygen to be introduced into the nitride layer. Another method includes the steps of forming a bottom oxide layer on a substrate, depositing a nitride layer and oxidizing a portion of a top oxide layer, thereby causing oxygen to be introduced into the nitride layer and depositing a remaining portion of the top oxide layer, thereby assisting in controlling the amount of oxygen introduced into the nitride layer. A further method includes the steps of forming a bottom oxide layer on a substrate, depositing a nitride layer, depositing a portion of a top oxide layer and oxidizing a remaining portion of the top oxide layer, thereby causing oxygen to be introduced into the nitride layer.

Abstract: Wireless transmission of high-definition video, whether essentially uncompressed or compressed, is prone to errors during reception due to the condition of the wireless link. To ensure video quality during changing link conditions it is desirable to ensure that those portions of the video that represent the more important components of the video signal, such as the lower special frequencies or most significant bits, are assured correct reception at the receiver. Bandwidth limitations of the wireless link affect the amount of data that can be sent over the link. Hence, using a high level error recovery for all of the information is not feasible. Accordingly, a method and apparatus for unequal error protection is disclosed that provides a higher level of error protection to the more important elements of the transmission while affording less error protection to the other elements of the transmission.

Abstract: An automated system for producing a slug having a repeatable shape from a plastic bottle, the automated system comprising: a housing having an elongated shape, an axis in a direction of elongation, and an opening configured to receive the bottle in a generally coaxially orientation with the housing; a compacting subsystem adapted to compact the bottle substantially in a first direction within the housing; and a slug processing subsystem adapted to form a slug having an essentially predefined form from the compacted bottle, the slug processing subsystem adapted to form the slug by application of force in at least a second direction, substantially normal to the first direction; wherein the slug processing subsystem is adapted to form a slug from a single compacted bottle; wherein the slug processing subsystem is configured to form a slug having a flattened geometric shape; wherein the flattened geometric shape is a polygon having a characteristic dimension less than 90 millimeters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and circuit for echo suppression or cancellation. According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a circuit including a Noise-Enhanced-Receiving-Direction unit and Narrow-Band Remover unit or units.

Abstract: A method for creating a non-volatile memory array includes implanting pocket implants in a substrate at least between mask columns of a given width and at least through an ONO layer covering the substrate, generating increased-width polysilicon columns from the mask columns, generating bit lines in the substrate at least between the increased-width polysilicon columns and depositing oxide at least between the polysilicon columns.

Abstract: As part of a system and method for transmitting a signaling tone over a packet switched data (or other communication) network, an audio encoder may have a speech encoding unit and a tone distorter. The tone distorter may distort one or more components of a signaling tone within an audio signal and the speech encoding unit may encode speech and the distorted signaling tone within the audio signal. A control signal may be sent to a tone generator to reproduce the distorted tone.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer in a memory cell to retain charge well in the nitride layer includes the steps of forming a bottom oxide layer on a substrate, depositing a nitride layer and oxidizing a top oxide layer, thereby causing oxygen to be introduced into the nitride layer. Another method includes the steps of forming a bottom oxide layer on a substrate, depositing a nitride layer and oxidizing a portion of a top oxide layer, thereby causing oxygen to be introduced into the nitride layer and depositing a remaining portion of the top oxide layer, thereby assisting in controlling the amount of oxygen introduced into the nitride layer. A further method includes the steps of forming a bottom oxide layer on a substrate, depositing a nitride layer, depositing a portion of a top oxide layer and oxidizing a remaining portion of the top oxide layer, thereby causing oxygen to be introduced into the nitride layer.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for communication is provided which includes maintaining a primary and a secondary network media devices at substantially similar encryption state, wherein the secondary network media device is a redundant network media device. Similar encryption state may be maintained by copying reception and transmission switchover parameters from the primary network media device to the redundant network media device, at least once per 2X packets, and preferably every 213 packets that are either transmitted by, or received at, the primary network media device. The redundant network media device may receive packets by utilizing copied reception switchover parameters and transmit packets by estimating transmission switchover parameters based on copied transmission switchover parameters. The reception and transmission switchover parameters may be associated with Secure Real-time Transport Protocol or with PacketCable protocol.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for parking time estimations, the system comprising at least one device able to sense at least momentary location and respective time; and an application server to receive from a plurality of the devices time series of location points and to calculate, based on the received time series of location points, duration of searches for parking spots. The invention provides a method for parking time estimations, the method comprising detecting beginning of searching for a parking spot by a user of a device able to sense at least momentary location and respective time; detecting time of parking; and calculating at least estimated duration of searching for a parking spot.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of transmitting a modulated data over a digital voice network that includes voice compression. The method and apparatus determine whether a voice signal to be transmitted over the network includes a modulated data signal and then encodes or demodulates the modulated data signal and bypasses voice compression when a modulated data signal is detected. The method and apparatus may detect a modulated data signal by detecting the presence of an answer tone and then searching for a plurality of phase reversals having a particular time distance from each other in the voice signal. Once the encoded or demodulated signal is transmitted over the digital voice network, the method and apparatus of the present invention may detect whether the received signal is an encoded data signal or a demodulated data signal. Then the coded data signal may be decoded back into a modulated data signal. Likewise, the demodulated data signal may be modulated back into a modulated data signal.

Abstract: A cache programming operation which requires 2 SRAMs (one for the user and one for the array) may be combined with a multi-level cell (MLC) programming operation which also requires 2 SRAMs (one for caching the data and one for verifying the data), using only a total of two SRAMs (or buffers). One of the buffers (User SRAM) receives and stores user data. The other of the two buffers (Cache SRAM) may perform a caching function as well as a verify function. In this manner, if a program operation fails, the user can have its original data back so that he can try to reprogram it to a different place (address).

Abstract: A method of determining noise in an audio stream, the method comprising: acquiring a plurality of consecutive time frames of the audio stream each comprising samples of the audio stream; generating a discrete frequency spectrum for each frame responsive to the frame samples; partitioning the frequency spectrum of each frame into a plurality of same frequency bands; determining an audio energy for each frequency band in each frame; and determining an estimate of noise energy for each frequency band in a temporally last time frame responsive to a relatively small number of smallest values for the audio energy in the frequency band of the plurality of time frames.

Abstract: Gateway, method, and apparatus for communicating fax data over the Internet.

Abstract: Device, system, and method of power trace obfuscation. In some embodiments an integrated circuit may include a signal modifier to introduce a pseudo-randomly selected modification to a state-transition pattern of at least one signal, which is related to internal processing of data within the integrated circuit. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for using a waveform segment in place of a missing portion of an audio waveform generated in response to a packet stream encoding portions of the audio waveform, the method comprising: phase matching a trailing portion of the waveform segment with a trailing portion of the audio waveform that follows the missing portion; and adding the phase matched waveform segment to the audio waveform.

Abstract: Device, system and method of multicast communication. For example, an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the invention includes a non-kernel multicast protocol handler adapted to perform a multicast operation of a user mode application by bypassing the operating system kernel and directly accessing a communication adapter having an operating system bypass capability.

Abstract: A method of reducing read disturb in NVM cells by using a first drain voltage to read the array cells and using a second, lower drain voltage, to read the reference cells. Drain voltages on global bitlines (GBLs) for both the array and the reference cells may be substantially the same as one another to maintain main path capacitance matching, while drain voltages on local bitlines (LBLs) for the reference cells may be lower than the drain voltage on local bitlines (LBLs) for the array cells to reduce second bit effect. Reducing the drain voltage of the reference cell at its drain port may be performed using a clamping device or a voltage drop device.

Abstract: A circuit block access module (ICAM) residing on an integrated circuit and adapted to access a circuit block on the integrated circuit, the module comprising control logic adapted to extract data from a serial data line into two or more parallel data lines, wherein at least one of the parallel data lines is associated with a circuit block address line; and the control logic is further adapted to override or bypass at least a portion of a primary control circuit of said integrated circuit.