Abstract: A system for mixing and refining pulp in which the raw material is conveyed into a cylindrical drum and propelled therethrough in linear/spiral direction by a co-axial rotor comprising a plurality of mixing/refining elements. The raw material is mixed and refined during the relative rotation between the rotor and the drum in a plurality of co-axially extending grinding areas defined between rotatable grinding elements on the rotor and a facing grinding surface on the interior of the drum while being simultaneously compressed therein and alternately decompressed in areas between the grinding areas. The rotatable elements are adjustably mounted to the rotor so as to vary the spacing between the grinding surface on the interior of the drum and a rotatable grinding surface on the grinding elements, while simultaneously adjusting the material feeding angle of the grinding areas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor adapted to simultaneously accomplish chemical reactions and operations of size reduction of the solid materials in suspension and particularly for treatment in the cellulose and/or paper pulp industry. The reactor provides an essentially closed working environment and is provided in the lower part with a rotor which creates turbulence with flows over essentially the whole volume of the closed environment and is adapted to realize said conditions of the size reduction of solid materials with intimate mixing of same with the suspending liquid.

Abstract: An impact element having the effect of elongating the pulse of force in impact tools and devices for chipping, hammering and similar operations, consisting of an element (8) which, for generating the striking motion, is axially moveable as a whole and comprises a driving mass (16) intended to be actuated by a propelling force, and a striking mass (17) located in front thereof relative to the direction of striking, which masses possess a limited freedom of axial movement with respect to each other in that they are coupled together by a stiff spring arrangement, e.g. cup washers (15), extremely hard plastics or gas cushions.

Abstract: A method and a means for manufacturing cellulose pulp from ligno-cellulose fiber material wherein the fiber material is treated under steam pressure. The treatment is carried out in a mill (18, 32) or similar means under such conditions that substantially all the liquid present in the material and/or added thereto during the treatment is converted into gaseous form or steam. The gas or steam thus generated, plus any added gas, is used to convey the cellulose material at high velocity to at least one subsequent separating vessel (22, 36, 38, 40) wherein the fibers entrained with the gas or steam are given a trajectory of motion in the course of which the fiber material is sorted with respect to weight, surface area, or other distinguishing features.

Abstract: A device in pressure medium operated needle hammers, the needles (24) being arranged in a reciprocatingly movable working member (3) by at least one flexible holder member (31, 39) and, by a friction grip of the holder member being caused to follow the movements of the working member, but being permitted an axial play within predetermined limits through overcoming the frictional resistance. In addition, the rear portions of the needles can be arranged in a sealed chamber (34) filled with a hydraulic medium (35).

Abstract: The wet method of combusting organic material dispersed in a liquid comprising waste liquor from wood pulping processes in which the organic material is oxidized by contact with air or other oxygenating gases at a temperature ranging between 180.degree. C. and 340.degree. C. and a correspondingly superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An electrically driven hammer machine comprising a driving piston (103) and a hammer piston (104) driven by the driving piston via a pressure gas cushion (106). The driving piston is driven by a brushless alternating current motor (101) via a crank mechanism (105). A solid state inverter (107) in the power supply conduit (102) supplies power of variable amplitude and frequency to the motor.

Abstract: Method and grinder for the manufacture of fibre pulp from lignocellulosic material, such as wood chips or the like. The fibres are detached from the material by means of a grinding member (6) and the fibrous material is formed into a body, which without rotational movement is fed, while being compressed, into a grinding zone (5) which has converging wall surfaces. In the grinding zone (5) the fibrous material is worked upon by the grinding member (6) which is rotatable relatively to the body of fibrous material and which delimits at least one of the converging wall surfaces of the grinding zone (5). The detached fibres are removed (at 8) from the grinding zone.

Abstract: A screening device having a screen deck composed of two screen frames (11, 27) provided with oblong, parallel screening elements (20, 28), the elements (20) of the first frame being arranged between the elements (28) of the second frame. The second frame (27) rests on the first frame (11). The frames are provided with guide and contact elements (22-26, 32) for guiding and retaining the second frame in a predetermined position on the first frame. The second frame (27) can, in order to free material particles which have jammed between the screening elements (20, 28), be raised freely relative to the first screen frame to a predetermined maximum height, the frames and their screening elements remaining parallel to one another. The frames can be resiliently supported for performing oscillating movements relative to a support frame (5) and relative to one another.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling a brushless alternating current motor (23) driven by an inverter (31-36) connected to a direct current supply (24,25). The direct current supplied to the inverter is sensed. The signal is passed through a peak detector (41) to a regulator (45), which decreases its frequency controlling output signal if the peak value input signal exceeds a predetermined value. A control signal corresponding to the torque demand of the motor is also produced. This signal controls the voltage supplied to the motor. Negative pulses at the turning off of the inverter switches are also sensed and used for controlling the degree of magnetization of the motor.

Abstract: A device for increasing the oxygen concentration in a subsurface stratum of a thermally stratified body of water. The device comprises a flexible tube (13), which is surrounded by a flexible shell (12). Compressed oxygen-containing gas is introduced through first nozzle means (29) at the lower end of the tube and through second nozzle means (31) into channel means (34) between the shell (12) and the tube (13). There is an upward flow of water in the tube and a downward flow in the channel means (34) around the tube.

Abstract: A gear box for a compressor plant. The gear box (3) is provided with mounting flanges (34,33) of different sizes for a compressor stage (4) on two opposite sides (36,37). The flange not used for the mounting of a compressor stage is used as an access opening through which bearings (18) and seals (19) can be taken away from the compressor stage while leaving the stage mounted on the gear box with all conduits connected.

Abstract: A rock drilling apparatus for drilling with high pressure hydraulic jet including a rock drill body (11), a drill tool (12) coupled to said body (11) and a feeding device (15) with a motor (16) for feeding said body and tool to and fro the working face. The drilling tool (12) has an inner rotating tube (40) with a high pressure nozzle body (41) at the nose thereof and an outer tube (42) surrounding said inner tube (40). Said outer tube (42) is provided with a hard metal collar (61) at the front end for protecting the nozzle body (41) and for calibration of the drill hole size. A sensing device including a pressure operated switch 73 and an adjustable time relay (83) is adapted for sensing the feed resistance met by said collar (61) and causing said feed motor (16) to retract said drill body (11) and tool (12) when a preset value of the resistance is exceeded.

Abstract: A compressor drive system for controlling the gas pressure in a pressure gas volume (106) connected to the compressor (101). A brushless alternating current motor (23) is directly coupled to the compressor, which is driven with the same speed as the motor. The pressure in the gas volume (106) is sensed by pressure sensing means (109) connected to a converter (114). The converter simultaneously changes the amplitude and frequency of the drive voltage supplied to the motor (23). This is done in response to pressure changes in volume (106). The motor is stopped if the pressure exceeds a preset maximum value. A pressure gas container (104) is depressurized at motor stop to allow restarting without counter pressure on the compressor. Means (44) for controlling the amplitude and frequency of the drive voltage is provided so that the normal speed maximum load current is never exceeded during motor start.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing thermo-mechanical pulp from wood chips and the like in which the chips are first heated in a steaming chamber or preheater to a fiber temperature below the softening point of the lignin of middle lamella section of the wood fibers. The thus heated chips are conveyed in a sealed system to the inlet of a defibrating zone enclosed within a housing in a gaseous atmosphere of superatmospheric pressure, where it is compressed by a screw conveyor into a plug which seals the defibrator housing against blow-back of the pressurized gaseous medium.

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grinding disc (1) which revolves about a central axle (2) perpendicular to the two end faces of the disc. The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chips, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas (5) on one or both end faces of the grinding disc. The disc is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (6).

Abstract: A method and a device for the manufacture of mechanical pulp from lignocellulosic material by forcing the said material into contact with a grindstone (1) which revolves about an axle (2). The material is supplied in bulk, particulate form, preferably as wood chip, a large number of particles simultaneously being retained, compressed and, in the presence of water, forced into contact with one or more grinding areas on the circumferential surface of the grindstone (1). The grindstone(1) is enclosed in a sealed, pressurized housing (5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reaction vessel adapted to withstand pressures and temperatures of the magnitude associated with the manufacture of diamond products and boron nitride (BN) and similar hard materials. The reaction vessel has an outer chamber or shell formed from steel and an inner reaction chamber. Known vessels of this type must be provided with a thick layer of insulating material between the reaction chamber and the outer steel shell to protect the outer shell from the heat of the diamond-forming process carried on in the reaction chamber. The quantity of insulating material required within the vessel for adequate protection of the outer shell is relatively large as compared to the area of the outer shell. Accordingly, the amount of available space remaining within the vessel for the diamond-forming reaction is limited, thus limiting the size of the diamonds formed.