Abstract: Disclosed a local multipoint distribution system (LMDS) and method of communicating ATM data on the LMDS that establishes a virtual circuit using a head-end unit to allow a bidirectional communication on ATM network and provide a medium access control(MAC) protocol by the head-end unit to perform multiplexing/demultiplexing and routing operations for data to be transmitted or received.

Abstract: A bottom lead frame and a bottom lead semiconductor package embodying the invention are capable of forming a multiple row pin structure. The bottom lead frame includes a plurality of first leads, and a plurality of second leads, where each lead has a bottom lead portion and an inner lead portion that is upwardly bent from the bottom lead portion. The first leads and second are arranged on opposite sides of a central portion. Each of the first leads is inserted between a pair of neighboring second leads. The bottom portions of the second leads are arranged outwardly of the bottom portions of the first leads. A lead support bar may be connected to the inner portions of the first and second leads to support the first and second leads. A semiconductor chip may be mounted on upper surfaces of either the first or the second leads.

Abstract: A videokeratograph has a placido disc with rings concentric about a central axis, a center positioned on the central axis, and an observation opening at the center. A plurality of fixation points are positioned in the placido disc spaced from the center opening and distributed circumferentially around the central axis, whereby rings on the placido disc spaced from the center are reflected from the central zone of the cornea. A video camera positioned on the center axis behind the placido disc observes an image of the placido disc reflected from the cornea. A processor coupled to the video camera determines the shape of the central zone of the cornea.

Abstract: A unit and method for remotely monitoring and/or controlling an apparatus and specifically for remotely monitoring and/or controlling street lamps. The lamp monitoring and control unit comprises a processing and sensing unit for sensing at least one lamp parameter of an associated lamp, and for processing the lamp parameter to monitor and control the associated lamp by outputting monitoring data and control information, and a transmit unit for transmitting the monitoring data, representing the at least one lamp parameter, from the processing and sensing unit. The method for monitoring and controlling a lamp comprises the steps of: sensing at least one lamp parameter of an associated lamp; processing the at least one lamp parameter to produce monitoring data and control information; transmitting the monitoring data; and applying the control information.

Abstract: A nonvolatile ferroelectric memory having a pair of split word lines rather than a word line and a plate line simplifies the manufacturing process and allows high density integration. The memory includes a first and second transistors, each having a source, a drain and a gate. The gate of the first and second transistors are coupled to the corresponding split word lines. A first ferroelectric capacitor has an electrode connected to the source of the first transistor and the other electrode is connected to one of the split word lines coupled to the gate of the first transistor. A second ferroelectric capacitor has an electrode connected to the source of the second transistor and the other electrode is connected to the other split word line which is coupled to the first of the second transistor.

Abstract: A coding circuit of the present invention converts n-bit binary data word at a prescribed clock cycle (t) into to an m-trit ternary code word, where n and m are integers and n.gtoreq.m. The coding circuit includes an (x) number of storage elements or latches and a (y) number of coders, each storage element or latch receiving (m.div.x) bits of the binary data word at a clock cycle of (t.div.x). After a prescribed delay period, a corresponding storage element or latch outputs the sampled bits to a corresponding coder at an increasing or decreasing edge of the clock signal. Each coder codes the sampled bits to (m.div.y) ternary code. The each of the coders outputs (m.div.y) ternary code onto a corresponding signal line of a bus. Hence, the coding circuit outputs m-trit ternary code word onto the bus. An exemplary coding circuit is illustrated where n=8, m=6, t=25 MHz, x=2 and y=2, and D flip-flops are used for the storage elements and latches.

Abstract: A lead frame and a semiconductor chip package includes supporters on a lead frame paddle and tiebars using the same for preventing undesired paddle bending which may occur due to the pressure of an epoxy molding compound during the molding process. The supports also allow improved heat dissipation during the molding process of the semiconductor chip package and mounting process of the package onto a printed circuit board.

Abstract: A dry etching method for a multilayer film is disclosed, which is capable of dry-etching a multilayer film such as a titanium polyside (a polysilicon layer and a titanium silicide layer) and includes the steps of a first step for anisotropically etching the titanium silicide layer using a plasma containing Cl.sub.2 /N.sub.2 gas, and a second step for anisotropically etching the polysilicon layer using a plasma containing Cl.sub.2 /O.sub.2.

Abstract: A radio pager includes a decoder for decoding coded data transmitted from a central office at a predetermined interval. The decoder classifies the data into one of traffic information and a call number, and informs a control unit of the result. If the identification information of the received data is identical to the identification information stored in the pager, an address decoder stores the traffic information and a call number in a separate address of a memory according to a control signal of the control unit. In addition to traffic information, various information such as weather, stocks, alternate routes, etc., can be transmitted to the pager to increase its usefulness.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus and method for neural stimulation is provided that can generate stochastic independent activity across an excited nerve or neural population. High rate pulse trains, for example, can produce random spike patterns in auditory nerve fibers that are statistically similar to those produced by spontaneous activity in the normal ear. This activity is called "pseudospontaneous activity". Varying rates of pseudospontaneous activity can be created by varying the intensity of a fixed amplitude, high rate pulse train stimulus, e.g., 5000 pps. The pseudospontaneous activity can eliminate a major difference between acoustic- and electrical-derived hearing percepts. The pseudospontaneous activity can further desynchronize the nerve fiber population as a treatment for tinnitus.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for copying flash memories of multiple processor boards without the need of a separate copying device. Particularly, the present invention discloses a system with a duplex processor boards and inserting the flash memories onto the processor boards. Afterwards, the program is loaded into the flash memory of one processor and transferred to the flash memory of the other processor.

Abstract: The radio frequency control circuit of the base station of a mobile communications system is constructed in a manner that the transmitting coupler branching the transmission signal to the shadow region is connected between the transmitting side power amplifier and transmitting antenna, and the receiving coupler inserting the signal received from the shadow region is connected between the receiving side low noise amplifier and splitter, to cover the shadow region using a simplified circuit configuration without a separate hardware. Therefore, a signal is transmitted by the optical antenna to a shadow region located at a long distance through the optical cable, and the signal is transmitted by the dispersion antenna to a shadow region located at close range through the coaxial cable, to provide radiocommunication service to a mobile located in the shadow region without establishing a base station in the shadow region.

Abstract: A delay circuit which is capable of maintaining a constant delay time. The circuit includes a plurality of first delay circuits connected in series and each having an inverter for inverting an input voltage signal, and a variable capacitor connected to an output terminal of the inverter.

Abstract: Device for delaying a clock signal using a ring delay is disclosed. The device can include a delay for delaying an external clock signal eCLK as much as time delays d1+d2 of a time delay d1 occurring on reception and a time delay d2 occurring on driving an output buffer, a pulse generator for receiving the clock signal from the delay and generating rectangular pulses synchronous to rising edges, and a ring delay having a plurality of unit delays connected in a ring form for delaying and circulating the pulse signal generated in the pulse generator as well as latching a signal from each unit delay synchronous to the clock signal rCLK received in the chip. The first clock signal delay is for delaying the clock signal rCLK in a course corresponding to a number of circulation, and a second clock signal delay is for making a fine delay of the clock signal from the first clock signal delay in response to a latch signal from the ring delay.

Abstract: A control apparatus and method is provided for controlling operations of functional units in systems. The control apparatus and method implement a set of operations that can include dependencies between the functional units of a system to complete each operation. For example, in an asynchronous digital processor, self-timing and inter-block communication are used to implement a self-timed scheduler. The self-timed scheduler and method implement an instruction set using a plurality of functional units of the asynchronous digital processor. A scheduler can include a scheduler decoder that decodes each instruction to generate functional unit schedule and control information, a communication device and a plurality of scheduler functional unit controllers, wherein each of the scheduler functional unit controllers corresponds to one of the plurality of functional units of a system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method embodying the invention include utilizing a device intended to be inserted into a patient's body to determine a characteristic of a target tissue. In one apparatus and method, a device illuminates the target tissue with amplitude modulated excitation electromagnetic radiation, and the device senses a returned electromagnetic radiation. A phase shift between the excitation and return electromagnetic radiation is determined, and the phase shift is used to determine characteristics of the target tissue. A demodulation factor, representing ratios of the AC and DC components of the excitation and return electromagnetic radiation may also be calculated and used to determine characteristics of the target tissue. In another apparatus and method embodying the invention, a device illuminates a target tissue with polarized electromagnetic radiation, and a return electromagnetic radiation is sensed.

Abstract: A base band signal transmitting device in a base station of a mobile communications system is disclosed including a CDMA modem unit constructed in a manner that a plurality of CDMA modems are detachably mounted on one board, each of the CDMA modems converting a digital voice signal into direct band spread signal by sectors, to generate a digital base band signal; a digital signal summing unit constructed in a manner that a digital summing device is mounted on another board, the digital summing device for digital-summing the direct band spread digital signals received from the CDMA modem unit by sectors and transmitting them in parallel; and a signal processing unit including a FIR low pass filter for converting the digital signals received from the digital signal summing unit into parallel signals and removing high frequency component from them, a digital/analog converter for converting the output signals of the FIR low pass filter into analog signals, and a base/intermediate frequency band upward conversion

Abstract: The present invention provides a high brightness subtractive color filter formed by an electro-optic modulator positioned between two retarder stacks. The second retarder stack echoes the first retarder stack, having the same sequence of retardances but in reverse order and having an orientation rotated with respect to the first stack. The modulator changes the apparent orientation of the second stack so that, in a first switching state of the modulator the two stacks cooperate in filtering the spectrum of input light, and in a second switching state they vanish, leaving white light. Two or more stages can be used in series, each stage providing independent analog control of a primary color. One preferred embodiment eliminates internal polarizers between stages, thereby providing a full-color display with only two neutral polarizers. Hybrid filters can be made using the filter of this invention in combination with other active or passive filters.

Abstract: An image motion compensating address generator is disclosed including a mode selector for selecting a field mode or frame mode according to a video mode signal and a slice position signal, an address selection controller for controlling the generation of addresses according to the video mode signal and a motion coding type signal, a Y-direction read address generator for producing a Y-direction read address in units of processed block, an X-direction read address generator for dividing the processed block into four phases in the X-direction and generating an X-direction read address, an X-direction write address generator for delaying the processed-block position signal and a field processed-block clock signal, and generating the X-direction write address of four phases, a Y-direction write address generator for producing a Y-direction write address, and a read & write controller for selecting outputting the X-direction and Y-direction read and write addresses according to a read/write selection toggle si