Abstract: The Methods of the present invention prepare carrageenan products from processed seaweed material using shear stress treatment are disclosed. The carrageenan products comprise at least about 65% by weight of carrageenan and at least about 2% by weight of acid insoluble material. The carrageenan products of the present invention preferably have an onset of hydration below about 40° C. and a color of greater than about 74 *L units. The carrageenan products of the present invention are useful as components in food products, such as, dairy products, meats, and dessert gels as well as non-food products, such as, toothpaste formulations, cosmetics, and paints.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for increasing by at least about 100% the viscosity of a carrageenan-containing dentifrice composition that comprises allowing the composition to quiescently cool from a temperature at or above about 45° C. The process may be applied to making toothpastes having suitable viscosity using carrageenan levels as low as about 0.05 weight percent. The dentifrice compositions are comprised of one or more of the following carrageenans: iota, modified kappa, or mixtures thereof. Toothpastes prepared using this method are easier to process and require much less carrageenan relative to similar viscosity toothpastes prepared by previous methods. This invention also pertains to certain toothpaste compositions having low levels of carrageenan including those made according to this process.

Abstract: A method coprocessing microcrystalline cellulose with maltodextrin to produce a dispersion that can be spray dried at high solids content to produce a flowing powder is disclosed. The coprocessed microcrystalline cellulose/maltodextrin composition can be blended with carboxymethyl cellulose to produce a dry blend that can be used in food and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: Provided is a method of encapsulating clomazone and a second biological agent comprising: (a) mixing (i) an aqueous phase, (ii) an emulsifier and (iii) a water-immiscible phase containing clomazone, the second biological agent, and at least one first polyfunctional compound; (b) forming a dispersion of water-immiscible droplets throughout the aqueous phase; and (c) adding at least one second polyfunctional compound into the dispersion and reacting the second polyfunctional compound(s) with the first polyfunctional compound(s) to form a polymer shell around the water-immiscible droplets.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use and preparation of a novel rapidly peptizable stabilizing composition comprising attrited colloidal microcrystalline cellulose wetcake coprocessed and dried with iota-carrageenan, and its use for stabilizing aqueous foods.

Abstract: Provided is a method of encapsulating a chemical agent comprising: (a) combining particles of a chemical agent and an encapsulation effective amount of a first encapsulating agent in an aqueous solvent and (b), converting the first encapsulating agent to a polymer to form encapsulated particles of the chemical agent.

Abstract: A formulation of a sparingly water-soluble, crystalline pharmaceutically active agent wherein the active agent is converted to and stabilized in its amorphous form as a solid solution of a normally hydrophobic vehicle is described. The amorphous state is stabilized by the composition of the formulation, providing long shelf life of the improved composition. This stabilized formulation also provides increased solubility and bioavailability of the active agent. Solutions of the active agent are stabilized by the composition, preventing recrystallization and precipitation of the less soluble, crystalline form of the active agent from aqueous solutions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides herbicidal formulation that is composed of an aqueous liquid having suspended therein a multitude of microcapsules having a capsule wall of a porous polymer encapsulating a solution of clomazone, and suitable concentrations of fat in the absence of a resin, or a resin in the absence of a fat, or both fat and resin. Preferably, if included, the fat is at least 95% saturated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ant or yellow jacket bait that is particularly effective for controlling carpenter ants. The bait is comprised mostly of sugars in a viscous and fluid form that may be readily dispensed into an ant station at room temperatures, and provides a moist, sweet surface that is attractive to ants.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing Caro's acid by introducing hydrogen peroxide of at least 50% by weight through a first fed line into a first reactor conduit sulfuric acid having a concentration of at least 85% by weight through a second feed line into a second reactor conduit independently into a baffled, plug flow mixing reactor without substantial premixing of the sulfuric acid and the hydrogen peroxide, and removing a Caro's acid reaction mixture from the exit end of the plug flow mixing reactor.

Abstract: Provided, among other things, is an isolated nucleic acid encoding a GABA-gated chloride channel having: (a) a nucleic acid including a sequence encoding a protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8, or a sequence having at least about 85% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8, or (b) a nucleic acid that hybridizes with a nucleic acid encoding a protein sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8 or the complementary sequence to SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 8, under stringent conditions; or (c) a nucleic acid that hybridizes with a nucleic acid having a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 7 or the complementary sequence to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 7, under stringent conditions; or (d) a nucleic acid has at least about 85% sequence identity with the coding region of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 7.

Abstract: This invention relates to herbicidal compounds of formula (I), methods of making such herbicidal compounds and methods of using such herbicidal compounds. It has been found that compounds of formula (I) are useful as pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides. Formula (I) is as follows: where Q, X, Y, n, and R are as described herein. This invention is also directed to intermediates used in the preparation of such herbicidal compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkyl &agr;-2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2,4-substituted-benzene-propanoate herbicide, by reacting an alkyl &agr;-acetyl-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2,4-disubstituted-benzene-propanoate, Intermediate D, first with sodium hypochlorite, then with a base, and recovering the herbicide. Intermediate D is prepared by reacting a 1-(2,4-disubstituted-5-halophenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole, Intermediate B, with an alkyl alkanoate in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a tertiary amine. Intermediate B is prepared by reacting a 1-(2,4-disubstituted-phenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole with a halogenating agent in the presence of an acid. The 2,4-substituents are independently selected from halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, nitro, or hetercyclyl.

Abstract: A novel three component solvent system consisting of glyceryl triacetate, a substituted biphenyl, and a mixture of isoparafinic hydrocarbons is disclosed. The system is useful in the formulation of pesticides, and the use of the system to prepare emulsifiable concentrates and microemulsions is exemplified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ant or yellow jacket bait that is particularly effective for controlling carpenter ants. The bait is comprised mostly of sugars in a viscous and fluid form that may be readily dispeised into an ant station at room temperatures, and provides a moist, sweet surface that is attractive to ants.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling termites. The invention provides a more attractive and durable termite bait by providing a thin flat block of wood with grooves and impregnating the surface of the wood with a slow acting toxicant.

Abstract: Arthropod containment devices are provided comprising a base plate having a first face, a second face opposite the first face, an outer edge between the first face and the second face; and a containment ridge protruding from the first face along at least a portion of the outer edge, the containment ridge defining a containment region proximate the first face. Also provided are arthropod containment devices comprising a base plate having a first face and a second face opposite the first face, a plurality of guide ridges that protrude from the first face and define at least one containment region, and an arthropod toxicant coated upon or positioned within the containment region.

Abstract: The present invention provides an herbicidal formulation that is composed of an aqueous liquid having suspended therein a multitude of microcapsules having a capsule wall of a porous polymer encapsulating a solution of clomazone, and suitable concentrations of fat in the absence of a resin, or a resin in the absence of a fat, or both fat and resin. Preferably, if included, the fat is at least 95% saturated.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of the Formula I wherein the process comprising the step of treating a compound of the Formula II with a fluorinating agent at a temperature of about 60° to about 120° C. in the presence of an organic solvent to form a compound of the Formula I; wherein: X, R or R′ can optionally be independently protected with a protecting group which is substantially stable to the fluorinating agent; and where X, R, and R′ are described herein.

Abstract: Compounds of the following structure, the corresponding N-oxides and agriculturally acceptable salts, are disclosed as effective insecticides: in which U is —(CH2)n—; Q is hydroxy; R is in which V, W, Y, and Z are each hydrogen; X is a five- or six-membered heterocycle; optionally substituted with halogen, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, or aminocarbonyl; and the heterocycle is optionally connected to the phenyl ring through a —O—, —S—, —(CH2)p, —C(O)—, or —O—(CR3R4)q linkage; R1 and R2 are independently selected from phenyl or pyridyl substituted with haloalkyl or haloalkoxy; R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl; n and p are independently 1, 2, or 3; and q is 1 or 2; with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is substituted in the para position; no more than two of R3 and R4 are methyl; each aliphatic moiety contains not more t