Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling termites. The invention provides a tamper resistant bait station, which uses a cellulose bait impregnated with a slow acting toxicant and readily allows entry of termite.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkyl &agr;-2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2,4-substituted-benzene-propanoate herbicide, by reacting an alkyl &agr;-acetyl-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2,4-disubstituted-benzene-propanoate, Intermediate D, first with sodium hypochlorite, then with a base, and recovering the herbicide. Intermediate D is prepared by reacting a 1-(2, 4-disubstituted-5-halophenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole, Intermediate B, with an alkyl alkanoate in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a tertiary amine. Intermediate B is prepared by reacting a 1-(2,4-disubstituted-phenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole with a halogenating agent in the presence of an acid. The 2,4-substituents are independently selected from halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, nitro, or hetercyclyl.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting and controlling termites. The invention uses a tubular body with a triangular cross section to hold a cellulose bait impregnated with a slow acting toxicant. The tubular body is placed partly in the ground so that the length of the tubular body is along the surface of the ground. The top of the tubular body is transparent so that one can easily view the bait through the top of the tubular body.

Abstract: Compounds of the following structure, the corresponding N-oxides and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, are disclosed as effective insecticides: wherein U is —(CH2)n—; Q is hydroxy; and R is: and wherein V, W, Y, and Z are each hydrogen; X is a five- or six-membered heterocycle; optionally substituted with bromine, chlorine, fluorine, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, or aminocarbonyl; and the heterocycle is optionally connected to the phenyl ring through a —O—, —S—, —(CH2)p, —C(O)—, or —O—(CR3R4)q linkage; R1 and R2 are independently selected from phenyl or pyridyl substituted with pentahalothio, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulfinyl, or haloalkylsulfonyl; phenyl substituted with —OC(M)2O—, where M is bromine, chorine or fluorine, to provide a dihalobenzodioxolyl fused ring; or pyridyl substituted with —OC(M)2O— to provide a dihalodioxol

Abstract: A Mannich base intermediate for 2-[(4-heterocyclic-phenoxymethyl)-phenoxyl]-alkanoates and methods for its preparation are provided. A method for preparation of an alkyl 2-[2-(secondary amino methyl)-5-alkylphenoxy]-alkanoate comprises the steps of: reacting a mixture of m-alkyl phenol, a secondary amine, and an aldehyde, with or without a catalyst, in a first solvent at reflux temperatures to form a 2-[(secondary amino)methyl]-5-alkylphenol. That product is then reacted with an alkyl 2-haloalkanoate, and an alkali metal carbonate, with or without a second catalyst in a second solvent at reflux temperatures to form the 2-[2-(secondary amino methyl)-5-alkylphenoxy]-alkanoate. The aldehyde may be paraformaldehyde, aqueous formaldehyde, formaldehyde, or polymerized acetal derivatives thereof. The first solvent may be acetonitrile or toluene. The catalyst may be an acid catalyst or a base catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of croscarmellose sodium to coat bitter-tasting active agents in a manner that will mask the bitter taste of these materials, taste masked pharmaceutical compositions in which the particles of pharmaceutically active agent are coated with croscarmellose sodium, taste masked pharmaceutical tablets made therefrom, in which the rapid disintegration of tablets that is imparted by croscarmellose sodium is preserved, and to a method for preparing such coated particles by preparing them in a fluidized bed coating process.

Abstract: Disclosed are herbicidal heterocyclic benzisoxazoles and benzisoxazolidinones of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A is (a), (b) or (c); U is N or NR; X is CO or CR.sup.2 ; and R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, Y and Z are as disclosed in the disclosure.

Abstract: Methods for controlling insects under solid substrates are provided comprising the steps of providing a substrate that overlays a region in which insects are suspected to reside, the substrate having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and at least one aperture between the surfaces; and inserting a baiting material into the aperture such that the baiting material extends through the substrate into the region.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkyl .alpha.-2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4 -triazol-1-yl]-2,4-substituted-benzene-propanoate herbicide, by reacting an alkyl .alpha.-acetyl-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-t riazol-1-yl]-2,4-disubstituted-benzene-propanoate, Intermediate D, first with sodium hypochlorite, then with a base, and recovering the herbicide. Intermediate D is prepared by reacting a 1-(2, 4-disubstituted-5-halophenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo- 1H-1,2,4-triazole, Intermediate B, with an alkyl alkanoate in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a tertiary amine. Intermediate B is prepared by reacting a 1-(2,4-disubstituted-phenyl)-4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1 H-1,2,4-triazole with a halogenating agent in the presence of an acid. The 2,4-substituents are independently selected from halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, nitro, or hetercyclyl.

Abstract: Novel herbicidal compounds, compositions containing them, and methods for their use in controlling weeds are disclosed. The novel herbicidal compounds are represented by formula I: ##STR1## where J is a 1-substituted-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-pyrimidinedione-3-yl, a 1-substituted-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dion-1-yl, a 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimid-1-yl, a 4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5(1H)-on-1-yl, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,3H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,5-a]pyridazineimin-1-yl, or a 1,6,8-triazabicyclo[4.3.0]-nonane-7,9-dion-8-yl ring attached at the 7 position of a benzofuran, benzoxazole, indole, 2,3-dihydrobenzimidazole or benzimidazole, and X is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, and amino. Preferred R groups are optionally substituted alkyl groups.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling termites. The invention provides a more attractive and durable termite bait by providing a thin flat block of wood with grooves and impregnating the surface of the wood with a slow acting toxicant.

Abstract: An emulsion composition useful as a reduced-fat shortening substitute in bakery applications which comprises an emulsion with an aqueous phase containing water and konjac as a gelling agent and a lipid phase containing a lipid component and an emulsifier component. The konjac is preferably partially deacylated to provide controlled melt characteristics in the emulsion composition that replicate those of the full-fat shortening it replaces in bakery food products. A process for preparing the emulsion compositions is also disclosed. Bakery food products containing the emulsion compositions may be prepared using the emulsion compositions as a one-to-one replacement for full-fat shortening in the formulations. The reduced-fat bakery products made with the emulsion compositions exhibit sensory characteristics similar to those of the full-fat equivalents.

Abstract: Ultra-fine microcrystalline cellulose compositions are disclosed which produce highly stable suspensions and/or dispersions in which substantially all of the microcrystalline cellulose has a particle size not greater than about 0.7 .mu.m. The compositions include an attriting aid which has a dual functionality, assisting in reducing the size of the cellulose microcrystals and adding a desired property or ingredient to the dispersions or other product in which the compositions are utilized.

Abstract: The methods for decreasing scale formation in processes for the production of soda ash from trona or nahcolite ores are provided. Diphosphonic acid materials such as 1-hydroxy-ethylidene diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxy-propylidene-1,-diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxy-butylidene-1,-diphosphonic acid and 1-hydroxy-pentylidene-1,-diphosphonic acid have been found to diminish significantly the formation of magnesium scale in such processes.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for defoliating a crop plant or desiccating a crop vine plant to aid in harvesting the crop which comprises the step of applying to the plant an effective amount of a composition comprising a benzyloxyphenyluracil having the formula ##STR1## where R is an alkyl group of one to six carbons, in admixture with an agriculturally suitable carrier. The method is particularly effective at low use rates as an aid for harvesting potatoes and cotton.

Abstract: Compositions containing compounds of the following structure, some of which are novel, and the corresponding N-oxides and agriculturally acceptable salts, are disclosed as effective insecticides: ##STR1## in which U is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --;Q is hydroxy;R is ##STR2## in which V, W, and Z are each hydrogen; X is selected from alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, halocycloalkylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, halocycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, haloalkoxycarbonylamino, cycloalkylalkoxycarbonylamino, halocycloalkylalkoxycarbonylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, haloalkylaminocarbonyl, cyanoalkoxycarbonylamino, phenylcarbonylamino, and phenoxycarbonyl, each cycloalkyl moiety or phenyl ring optionally substituted with halogen; Y is selected from hydrogen and halogen; n is 1, 2, or 3; R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling domestic pests using 2-chloro-N-[{(4'-chloro-2-methoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]4-yl)amino}carbonyl]benzam ide. The benzamide is particularly effective against termites and is suitable for use in baits.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which the 4-position of the 1-(2-fluorophenyl) group attached to a 4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole, an intermediate in the route to prepare the herbicide ethyl .alpha.-2-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2 ,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorobenzenepropanoate, is chlorinated in good yield. The process involves adding chlorine gas in three separate steps, with by-product hydrogen chloride being removed at the end of each chlorine addition step.

Abstract: A process of making a powdered detergent aggregate comprising in a single pass process the step of introducing an absorptive soda ash into an agglomerator, forming a soda ash curtain within the agglomerator, spraying a surfactant onto the soda ash curtain, forming a curtain of resultant soda ash/surfactant product, spraying a silicate thereon, and adding additional surfactant to produce a non-caking soda ash/silicate/surfactant aggregate having 40-69 weight percent soda ash, 7-14 weight percent silicate, and 14-26 weight percent surfactant having a loose bulk density of from 600-1000 g/l.

Abstract: It has now been found that certain novel benzofuranyl derived uracils have provided unexpected pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicidal efficacy. These compounds are represented by formula I Preferred are those of formula I where R is fluoroalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylhaloalkyl, alkenoxycarbonylalkyl, or mono- or dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl; X is halogen; Y is hydrogen or halogen; and, Z is methyl or amino. Novel intermediates to the compounds of formula I are also disclosed.