Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of highly accurate and stable silver-silver salt reference electrode. According to the invention a homogeneous mixture is formed from silver powder and a powdered silver salt, then a paste is prepared by blending the mixture with a liquid binding agent capable of adhering to metals, applying the paste onto the surface of an electrode base, allowing the paste to harden and then subjecting the electrode to a heat treatment between 100.degree. C. and 250.degree. C. In this latter step a porous silver-silver salt layer is formed on the metal base, which renders the electrode highly accurate and stable.Ion selective measuring electrodes are prepared essentially in the same manner with the difference that silver is replaced partly or entirely by graphit.

Abstract: The high-pressure electric discharge tube of the invention can operate in the open air, with at least 10 Hg mm inner pressure. It has a preferably ceramic (or crystalline) envelope that constitutes an illuminator, with electrodes disposed in two opposite portions of the envelope, appropriate inlets, lead-ins and terminals leading to the electrodes. The discharge tube does not have to be surrounded by the hitherto applied, conventional, glass or other transparent protective envelope, as a result of which the emitted luminous output is free from reflections and the tube can be used throughout the entire spectrum, such as for pumping or driving a laser crystal. The protective envelope, which so far has been an indispensable part of all high-pressure discharge tubes, has been eliminated as a result of the present invention. Adapter tubes are used that prevent oxidation of the electrical elements, as well as specially configured electrodes.

Abstract: Apparatus for transversely press cutting into suitable lengths a shaped, elongated bar-like workpiece, product or section of steel which is being fed in continuously. The apparatus comprises a crank mechanism driven by a single, multi-function drive source and is adapted to perform the functions of four devices simultaneously, in a timed relation, namely a device for reciprocating a cutter in the direction of travel of the product or section, a device for advancing and retracting the cutter relative to the section, a device for driving a die opposed to the cutter, and a device for driving a clamp which holds the section during the cutting operation.

Abstract: Waste-gas suppressor for internal-combustion engines, utilizing negative pressure generated in the carburetor of the engine. A flow-regulator valve operated by the negative pressure adjusts water flow in proportion to engine speed, the water being evaporated by the exhaust heat of the engine. The resulting steam is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine.