Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plurality of staggered parallel dynodes. The dynodes include spaced confinement bumps along their lengths with active areas between the bumps. The confinement bumps and active areas therebetween define a plurality of channels which extend from a cathode at one end of the multiplier. Each channel traverses the staggered parallel dynodes and causes an electron beam to pass therethrough without spreading. The multiplier is useful in a display device which includes a plurality of line sources of electrons, e.g., a plurality of cathode stripes.

Abstract: A laser device has a plasma discharge region for dissociating a diatomic gas into atoms. A nozzle connects the plasma discharge region with an optical cavity. The nozzle expands the plasma accelerating it to a supersonic velocity as it passes from the discharge region into the optical cavity. As the plasma passes through the nozzle, the dissociated atoms are recombined into molecules in a metastable energy state. The nozzle includes a gas injector for introducing a lasing gas into the plasma flow through the nozzle.

Abstract: Two ring mounts extend around and are secured to a gas laser discharge tube. The ring mounts are positioned near opposite ends of the laser tube. The laser discharge tube is in a prealigned relationship to the external perimeter of each ring mount. The mounts serve as the means for mounting the laser discharge tube. The mounts are formed by placing the laser discharge tube within two molds and aligning the laser output beam with respect to the molds. Plastic material is then forced into the molds and allowed to harden so as to permanently fix the aligned relationship of the tube with respect to the mold.

Abstract: A plurality of parallel, planar, area electron multipliers are mounted on a substrate having a plurality of electrical conductors in a coded pattern and a planar electron source thereon. Each multiplier comprises a plurality of dynode members, at least one of which is addressable, for controlling the generation of a linear electron beam which defines one video line in a flat image display device. Random or sequential generation of video lines is accomplished by generating unique combinations of electron repelling and accelerating voltages which are applied to the addressable dynode members through the coded electron conductors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has one surface of P type conductivity material having a wide energy bandgap and a large crystal lattice parameter. Applied to the P type surface of the semiconductor device is a degenerate region of semiconductor material, preferably a group III-V semiconductor material, having a narrower energy bandgap. The degenerate region is doped with tin to increase the crystal lattice of the region to more closely approximate the crystal lattice of the one surface of the semiconductor device. The degenerate region is compensatingly doped with a P type conductivity modifier. An electrical contact is applied to one surface of the degenerate region forming an ohmic contact with the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A mirror is aligned on a laser tube using an apparatus comprising a window spaced from the mirror and a means for containing fluid, such as a bellows, between the window and the mirror. The window and the fluid have an index of refraction that matches that of the mirror. The bellows permits the mirror's relation to the window to be changed without the loss of the fluid. In aligning the lasing mirror, the window is oriented normal to a light beam from an autocollimator. The mirror is then placed in contact with the laser tube and oriented so that the beam from the autocollimator is reflected back on itself.

Abstract: By heating as many of the electrodes as possible in a vidicon tube during and after the cathode activation, the potentiality for gas contamination of the electrodes is greatly reduced and the life of the tube is extended.

Abstract: One end of a support structure of dielectric material tapers to a tip which has a curved bottom surface. A cermet film composed of a conductive material and a dielectric material which adheres well to the support structure is on a portion of the support structure's surface. The concentration of the constituent materials in the cermet film varies through its thickness. The cermet film at the interface with the support structure has a high concentration of dielectric material while the portion of cermet film at its exposed surface has a high conductive material concentration.

Abstract: An optical substrate has an electrically conductive grating on one surface. Over the grating is a multilayered dielectric coating.

Abstract: A gas laser has a tube for producing a laser beam and a plurality of heaters around the tube. A detector responds to a misalignment of the laser sending a response to control circuits for the heaters. In response to detector's output, the heater control circuits regulate the heaters so as to heat selective portions of the tube. The tube bends due to the heat resulting in a realignment of the laser.

Abstract: The body of a PIN photodiode is of a silicon semiconductor material. The PIN photodiode has a large area incident surface on which light impinges and is operated at high voltages. In the fabrication of a PIN photodiode, as described, a high concentration of N-type dopant is deposited on the body. It has been discovered that if a phosphorus silicate glass, as a source of N-type dopant, is in contact with a surface of the PIN photodiode body in a high temperature ambient and for an extended period of time, lattice damage on the surface of the silicon body results. These lattice defects are responsible for premature voltage breakdown in the device. In a first method of fabrication of PIN photodiode devices the phosphorus silicate glass is on the silicon surface for about 12 minutes after which it is removed and then any phosphorus atoms in the surface of the body are diffused into the body.

Abstract: A gas laser tube has two regions, one characterized by a high electron temperature and the other by a low electron temperature. Included in the tube is means for establishing a space charge double sheath to separate the two regions. A mirror is located at each end of the region of low electron temperature.

Abstract: A laser device has a bore formed by aligned apertured carbon discs with the ratio of the pitch distance between adjacent discs to the diameter of the apertures through the discs being between 1.8 and 3.0. An optimum value of this ratio is 2.2. The pitch distance is the distance from one surface of a carbon disc to the corresponding surface on an adjacent disc; this distance being measured parallel to the bore axis. This relationship of aperture diameter to pitch distance substantially eliminates sputtering of the carbon discs and gas clean-up during laser operation.

Abstract: A method of aligning the mirrors and bore tube axis of a laser without actually operating the laser comprising the directing of two light beams through the bore tube collinear with the bore tube axis; the two light beams being directed through the tube from opposite ends of the tube. The mirrors are positioned so that one or both of the light beams are reflected from the mirrors along paths also collinear with the bore axis. A fine alignment of the mirrors is provided by detecting the light of a modulated laser beam passed through the bore and mirrors. The mirrors are accurately positioned when the detected modulated laser beam provides a peak output.

Abstract: A laser discharge tube has a separate light reflector means positioned at each end of the tube. One of the light reflector means has a plurality of facets for reflecting the light traveling through the laser tube. The novel system defines a folded optical cavity.

Abstract: A fixture for supporting and aligning the components of a rectangular cathode ray tube has a base, support means and three alignment structures. The supporting means tilts the tube with respect to the base so that the tube nests against the three alignment structures.

Abstract: Metal plates of tungsten or molybdenum, having an optimum thickness of 1000 micrometers or less, are bonded to respective cathode and anode electrical coatings on the opposed major surfaces of a semiconductor wafer. The metal plates in turn are conductively bonded to the heat pipe walls which are used as the electrical connectors between the anode and cathode coatings and the external working circuit. Heat that is developed by the surge current flowing through the wafer during the first 6 milliseconds, is dissipated into the plates that are bonded to the opposed major surfaces of the wafer, before the cooling capability of the heat pipes is effective. This provides a greater surge current capability for the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical insulating body has external longitudinal grooves and aligned apertures with tapered ends to receive the stem leads from an electron tube and support the inner sides thereof. The inner surface of the grooves has two guide tracks with inclined ends to facilitate application and removal of the socket.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is sandwiched between the ends of two heat pipes. One end of each heat pipe is in electrical and thermal contact with the wafer. The heat pipes are fastened together so that the wafer is held in compression between the two heat pipes. The ends of the heat pipe, are reinforced from within the heat pipe so that the ends will not buckle due to the compression loading of the wafer.

Abstract: A transparent dome formed from a segment of a spherical shell of uniform thickness has an optical filter on its surface. A photodetector is positioned on the concave side of the dome so that light rays passing through the dome, normal to its surface, will fall on the center of the photodetector.