Abstract: The metal end plates of a laser device are provided with relatively large annular hub portions extending outwardly from the laser envelope. Glass mirror blocks are used, each having a small area of a reflective coating in the center of one surface of the block. To bond the block to an end plate of the laser device, the mirror is aligned substantially on the axis of the hub and rf energy is used to heat the end of the hub to a sufficiently high temperature to seal it to the glass. The hub is brought into contact with the glass surface of the mirror block and a seal is made without damage to the mirror coating.

Abstract: A first array of spaced wires is in angular contact with a second array of spaced wires so as to from a wire mesh. The first array has a fewer number of wires than the second array.

Abstract: A piece of glass may be embossed by initially heating the glass to at least its annealing temperature. A die is heated to a temperature higher than the temperature of the glass. The die is then vibrated against the glass so that it continuously makes and breaks contact with the glass so as to prevent the glass from sticking to the hot tool.

Abstract: Gold is deposited onto a heated surface of N type semiconductor material composed of either gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, aluminum gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium phosphide. The surface of the gallium compound is cooled to room temperature whereupon tin is deposited onto the gold. The semiconductor material is then reheated until the tin alloys with and through the gold into the material. A solderable surface may be applied to the semiconductor material by applying a film nickel and then a film of gold onto the alloyed surface.

Abstract: A cooling chamber is bonded to an electrical device to be cooled. The chamber includes a metal wall connecting the device into the working electrical circuit. A thinned portion of the metal wall forms a fuse which will burn out due to an excessive flow of current through the electrical device upon failure.

Abstract: A laser device employs two concentric enclosures with rapid pre-heat elements located between the two enclosures. The device contains a vented bore tube, two electrodes, and a metal vapor source within the innermost of the two enclosures.

Abstract: Light that is initiated in a laser device includes a diffusion of scattered and reflected light around the laser beam. This diffusion of light occurs because light in the optical cavity of the laser is reflected from the surfaces of the bore and becomes misaligned, so that it leaves the laser along paths which are outside of the cone of light formed by the laser device. This diffusion of part of the laser light reduces the efficiency of the device and is objectionable in many applications. The diffused light is eliminated by providing a restriction in the optical cavity of the laser device which blocks off the stray or misaligned light. This restriction, or beam cleaner, may be positioned at various points along the axis of the optical cavity.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus is a multiple beam electron gun having a wide focusing lens gap. The lens gap has a plurality of metal elements, spaced therein, each successive element of which has a successively greater voltage applied to it. The application of the voltages creates an electrostatic field which focuses a plurality of beams generated by the gun.