Abstract: The invention relates to nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides carrying in their basic structure a primary hydroxyl group protected by tris-4,4',4"-tert-butylphenylmethyl, to processes for the preparation of said nucleosides and nucleotides, to a process for the preparation of oligonucleotides, and to the use of said protected nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides.

Abstract: An optical detection arrangement for small volume chemical analysis comprises a light source (22), a capillary tube (23) and a photoelectric detector (24). The arrangement of the light source (22) relative to the capillary tube (23) is such, that probing light (P) emitted from the light source (22) strikes a sample (S) to be analyzed, which is flowing through the capillary tube (23), whereas the photoelectric detector (24) is arranged relative to the capillary tube (23) such, that it is capable of detecting light comming from the capillary tube. The photoelectric detector (24) is connected with an evaluation electronics.

Abstract: Compounds of formulae I and II ##STR1## wherein R is phenyl and R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are H or a substituent such as phenylthio, and one of the substituents R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a group of formula III--X--C(O)--CR.sub.5 .dbd.C(R.sub.6).sub.2 (III)or R is substituted by a group of formula III, wherein X is a linking group or --X--C(O)-- is a direct bond, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently of the other H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, can be polymerised to homopolymers or copolymers. The monomers and polymers are reversible photochromic systems which can be used as colour indicators, as photochemically modifiable colour filters, or for the optical storage of information.

Abstract: Process for preparing a nitrile of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are for example hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio or arylamino, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form a substituted or unsubstituted 4-membered carbon bridge,by reacting an aldehyde of the formula (II) ##STR2## with a hydroxylammonium salt followed by dehydration by heating to an elevated temperature, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an anhydrous inorganic sulfate and in the absence of diluents from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, strongly polar aprotic solvents, sulfur compounds and heteroaromatic basic nitrogen compounds.The nitriles obtainable by the process of the invention are valuable intermediates for, in particular, the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigment and coating compositions that are used to prepare pigmented coatings that exhibit geometric metamerism or metallic flop. The pigment compositions comprise a small particle size pigment and a flop-enhancing agent, which flop-enhancing agent is a copper phthalocyanine, an indanthrone or a carbazole dioxazine compound. A method of enhancing the flop of a pigmented polymeric coating by incorporating one or more flop-enhancing agents into the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: The action of thermoplastic polymers to whose polymer backbone aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups are bonded via a group --O--, --O--CO--, --CO--OR.sup.22 --OCO-- or --CO--O--, said aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups being substituted by Cl, Br and/or iodine in the .alpha.-, .beta.-, .gamma.- or .omega.-position, on an unsubstituted or substituted tetrathio-, tetraseleno- or tetratelluro-naphthalene or -tetracene contained in this polymer gives electrically conducting compositions by the formation of charge transfer complexes. These compositions are suitable for the production of antistatic or electrically conducting mouldings, sheets, filaments, fibres, coatings and composites.

Abstract: Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles of formula ##STR1## wherein D and E are each independently of the other a group of formula ##STR2## The symbols Q, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, X, Y, Z, m and n are as defined in claim 1.These pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles are distinguished by outstanding solid state fluorescence in the UV range as well as by the ease with which they can be converted to pyrrolopyrrole pigments even in the substrate in which they are incorporated.

Abstract: A device for the electrophoretic separation of complex fluid substance mixtures comprises a channel system (21, 2, 22) for a carrier medium (C), an injection device (3) for the injection into the carrier medium (C) of a substance mixture (S) to be separated, and a separating path (2) for the separation of the substance mixture (S) in an electric field applied along the separating path (2). Downstream of the injection device (3) for the substance mixture (S) to be separated and at a distance therefrom there is provided a second separating path (4) for the further separation of the substance mixture (S) in an electric field applied along the second separating path (4). The second separating path (4) is inclined at an angle (.alpha.) with respect to the first separating path (2). The region of intersection of the first (2) and second (4) separating paths forms a second injection device (5) for injecting the partially separated substance mixture (S) into a second carrier medium (E).

Abstract: A device for the separation of fluid substances, especially a capillary chromatographic separating device, is provided, which comprises a separating path in which a stationary phase is arranged and through which flows a mobile phase containing a sample to be separated into its components. The device also comprises means for transporting the mobile phase, and a detection device for detecting the separated components. The separating path is constructed in the form of an annular channel into which lead the inflow and outflow channels for the mobile phase and the fluid substance to be separated. In a very especially preferred variant of the invention the means for transporting the mobile phase are arranged inside the annular channel. In the described method of separating fluid substances the mobile phase together with the sample to be separated is circulated cyclically in a separating path constructed in the form of an annular channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for coloring high-molecular-weight coatings and ink systems which comprises uniformly dispersing an effective pigmenting amount of a stir-in pigment in the coating or ink system; wherein the stir-in pigment is an organic pigment crude consisting essentially of non-platelet-shaped particles having an average particle size of from 0.5 to 25 .mu.m and/or a pigment composition consisting essentially of an organic pigment having an average particle size of from 0.01 to 25 .mu.m and inorganic filler pigment.

Abstract: A process for conditioning diaryldiketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole pigments (DPP) and for preparing solid solutions having a DPP component are disclosed. The inventive processes involve dissolving the DPP in aqueous, basic DMSO, alone, or in mixture with additional components in the case of a solid solution, and then precipitating the conditioned pigment or pigment solid solution by methods known in the art.

Abstract: The dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## in which A, R.sub.1, M and n are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for dyeing paper with good light-fastness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for coloring high-molecular-weight coatings and ink systems which comprises uniformly dispersing an effective pigmenting amount of a stir-in pigment in the coating or ink system; wherein the stir-in pigment is an organic pigment crude consisting essentially of non-platelet-shaped particles having an average particle size of from 0.5 to 25 .mu.m and/or a pigment composition consisting essentially of an organic pigment having an average particle size of from 0.01 to 25 .mu.m and inorganic filler pigment.

Abstract: A coated material comprising (a) a solid dielectric or semi-conductive substrate which is (b) partially or completely coated on at least one surface with a silicate in which a crystalline charge transfer complex is incorporated.The material can be used as an antistatic or electrically conductive material, preferably in the form of screens or picture tubes provided with an antistatic finish.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing or printing hydroxyl group containing fiber materials, which comprises using at least one yellow or orange dyeing dye of formula ##STR1## wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, together with at least one blue dyeing dye and/or at least one red dyeing dye. Level dyeings and prints with good allround fastness properties are obtained by the process of the invention.

Abstract: A process for dyeing textile materials of naturally occurring and synthetic polyamide fibres, in which dyeing is carried out at the boiling point of the dyebath during a short dyeing time which is therefore gentle on the fibres, and level dyeings having good fastness properties are obtained (high temperature rapid dyeing process).The dyeing process is carried out with dyebaths with comprise specific surfactants. A high degree of exhaustion of the dye liquors is achieved, and dyeing from static baths is thus rendered possible.

Abstract: Mixtures of a herbicidally effective amount of a pyridylsulfonylurea of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and A are as defined in claim 1, and of a herbicide-antagonistically effective amount of a sulfamoylphenylurea of formula II, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.7 to R.sub.11 and A.sub.2 are as defined in claim 1, are very suitable for controlling weeds in crops of useful plants, especially maize and sugar cane.

Abstract: Binary and ternary pigmentary solid solutions are disclosed. The binary solid solutions are binary solid compounds consisting of 35-45 weight-percent unsubstituted DPP and 55-65 weight-percent dichloro DPP. The ternary solid solutions are guest-host solid solutions wherein the binary solid compound is the host and up to 30 weight-percent of a disubstituted quinacridone pigment is the guest. The binary and ternary solid solutions are useful as pigments for coloring high-molecular-weight organic materials; especially as replacements for perylene pigments in automotive finishes.

Abstract: A compound of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a protecting group Q;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 aliphatic radical, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 aromatic radical, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloaliphatic radical, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.13 araliphatic radical, an alkali metal ion or an ammonium ion;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen or hydroxy;R.sup.5 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryloxythiocarbonyloxy, the C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl group being unsubstituted or substituted, or R.sup.5.sub.a ;R.sup.5.sub.a is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, hydroxy, --OR.sup.8, --OCOR.sup.8 or silyloxy substituted by three C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.6 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 aliphatic radical, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 aromatic radical, a C.sub.7 -C.sub.16 araliphatic radical, --COR.sup.9, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.9 or silyl substituted by three C.sub.1 -C.sub.15 hydrocarbyl groups;R.sup.7 is a monovalent nucleoside base radical, hydroxyl, --OR.sup.8 or --OCOR.sup.8, andR.sup.9 are independently a C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising(a) at least one ammonium salt of an inorganic or organic acid,(b) a compound of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 2 to 12 carbon atoms which is interrupted by --O-- atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to 5, and(c) at least one high molecular weight compound selected from the group consisting of the polynucleotides, oligosaccharides, proteins and macrocyclic metal complexes, and to the use thereof for the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectroscopy of oligonucleotide sequences.