Abstract: Compounds of the formulae I and Ia and their racemates ##STR1## in which A is --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a protective group, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a protective group or a radical forming a phosphorus-containing nucleotide bridge group and B is a purine or pyrimidine radical or an analogue thereof, can be used as antiviral active ingredients or for the preparation of biologically active oligonucleotides.

Abstract: A general method for the direct preparation of pigmentary quinacridone solid solutions is disclosed. The disclosed process comprises oxidizing a mixture of dihydroquinacridones directly to a pigmentary quinacridone solid solution wherein the oxidation is carried out by heating a reaction mixture comprising the dihydroquinacridone mixture, an alkali metal hydroxide, a water miscible organic solvent, water and effective mounts of an oxidizing agent and a particle growth inhibitor. In addition, an analogous process useful for the direct pigmentary synthesis of .alpha.-quinacridone is disclosed. The pigments prepared by the disclosed processes do not require additional particle-size reducing after treatments in order to be useful as pigments.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resinated 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigment, which is prepared by a process comprising (a) preparing an aqueous suspension containing a 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigment, a mixture of water-soluble acid salts and a particle growth inhibitor, wherein the mixture of water-soluble acid salts consists essentially of from about 50 to about 95 parts by weight of a water-soluble resin acid salt, and from about 5 to about 50 parts by weight of a water-soluble salt of a napthenic acid or a dimeric acid, or a mixture thereof, (b) precipitating the mixture of acid salts from the suspension in the form of insoluble salts and (c) isolating the resinated 2,9-dimethylquinacfidone pigment from the suspension. The resinated 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigment possesses excellent dispersability, color strength, saturation and heat stability. It is especially useful for coloring plastics, coatings and inks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an acrylamide homopolymer or copolymer in an amount of <0.04 g per liter of dye liquor as anticrease agent in exhaust dyeing processes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating polyamide fiber containing materials which process comprises applying a benzofuran-2-one compound to the material in order to enhance its moulding stability. In addition, compositions containing a fluorescent whitening agent and a benzofuran-2-one, and optionally one or more dyes, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dithiopentacene derivatives, to a process for their preparation, to charge transfer complexes obtained from said dithiopentacene derivatives as electron acceptors and unsubstituted or substituted ferrocene, chalcogenated fulvalenes or aromatic nitrogen compounds as electron donors. The invention further relates to a process for their preparation; to compositions comprising a plastics material and such a CT complex; and to the use of said CT complexes as electrical conductors, conveniently for the production of electrically conductive films, foils or coatings.

Abstract: A process for dyeing wool-containing fibre materials with anionic dyes, which comprises dyeing said materials in the presence of a wool protective agent which is a reaction product of an epihalohydrin and an amine of formulaR--NH.sub.2 (1),wherein R is as defined in the claims. Rubfast, level dyeings without impairment of wool quality are obtainable by the process.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X is O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sub.13, R.sub.13 is, for example, methyl, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.12, independently of one another, are, for example, H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 14 C.sub.12 alkoxy, halogen or --CN. The compounds are photosensitive and photochromic and as suitable are photosensitizers and simultaneously as colour indicators, and as photoswitchable colour filters.

Abstract: A composition comprising a) at least one polyheteroaromatic compound or one polyaniline in oxidized, polycationic form, and b) at least one polyanion of a film-forming thermoplastic polymer having sulfonate-alkylated alcohol groups ##STR1## in structural repeating units, wherein the group --(C.sub.n H.sub.2n)-- is linear or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene that has from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the carbon chain and is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy. The composition is electrically conductive and can be processed thermoplastically. It can be used in the production of moulded articles or in the form of powders as a filler for plastics.

Abstract: An interferometric apparatus for monitoring changes of the refractive index of An interferometri1capillary tubes comprising a source of coherent light, which is arranged with respect to a capillary tube which is part of a capillary liquid chromatographic system or a capillary electrophoretic system, such that the coherent light beam strikes the capillary tube about perpendicular to its longitudinal extension. In the forward direction of the coherent light beam, behind the capillary tube, the apparatus comprises a photoelectric detector for monitoring a resulting interference fringe pattern and the shifts thereof, which is connected to an evaluation electronics.

Abstract: Mixtures of salts of organic carboxylic acids and organic compounds of non-salt character, dissolved in a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanol, can be concentrated or separated with a semipermeable membrane made from a copolyamide or copolyimide-amide which contains (a) a first aromatic diamine radical and (b) a second aromatic diamine radical which carries --SO.sub.3 M groups, where M is H.sup..sym., a monovalent to polyvalent metal cation or an ammonium cation. Provided the first diamine radical contains C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups in the o-positions to the amino groups, the copolymers are radiation-sensitive and can be used for producing protective layers or relief images, development being carded out in an aqueous alkaline medium.

Abstract: Chromogenic lactam compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which the ring A is an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical which has 6 ring atoms and may contain a fused aromatic ring, it being possible for both the ring A and the fused ring to be substituted;the ring B is an unsubstituted or substituted benzene ring;Z is ##STR2## O or S; R is hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, cycloalkyl having 5 to 10 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted aryl or aralkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 acyl; N-(lower alkyl)carbamoyl; or N-arylcarbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the ring;Q is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene, 1,2-cycloalkylene, 1,2- or 1,8-arylene or aralkylene; andX.sub.1 and X.sub.2, independently of one another, are each hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted alkyl having a maximum of 12 carbon atoms; acyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl having 5 to 10 carbon atoms; or unsubstituted or ring-substituted aralkyl or aryl; or (X.sub.1 and X.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl or benzyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by F, Cl, Br, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl)amino.The compounds are suitable as .pi.-acceptors and electrical semiconductors, and they can be used for antistatic finishing of objects.

Abstract: A process for the direct preparation of pigmentary 2,9-dichloroquinacridone, which comprises oxidizing 2,9-dichloro-6,13-dihydroquinacridone directly to pigmentary 2,9-dichloroquinacridone by heating a reaction mixture comprising 2,9-dichloro-6,13-dihydroquinacridone, an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent, water and effective amounts of an oxidizing agent and a phthalimidomethylquinacridone particle growth inhibitor. The process yields pigmentary 2,9-dichloroquinacridone directly; without the need for additional particle-size reducing aftertreatments.

Abstract: The action of thermoplastic polymers to whose polymer backbone aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups are bonded via a group --O--, --O--CO--, --CO--OR.sup.22 --OCO-- or --CO--O--, said aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups being substituted by Cl, Br and/or iodine in the .alpha.--, .beta.--, .gamma.-- or .omega.-position, on an unsubstituted or substituted tetrathio-, tetraseleno- or tetratelluro-naphthalene or -tetracene contained in this polymer gives electrically conducting compositions by the formation of charge transfer complexes. These compositions are suitable for the production of antistatic or electrically conducting mouldings, sheets, filaments, fibres, coatings and composites.

Abstract: The invention relates to concentrated aqueous liquid formulations of color formers comprising(a) as color former one or more fluorans of formula (1),(b) as anionic surfactants(ba) sulfated alkanes(bb) alkanesulfonates(bc) sulfonated carboxylates or(bd) sulfated carboxylates, and(be) acid esters or salts thereof of polyadducts of alkylene oxides, and(c) a thickener.The formulations are used in heat-sensitive recording materials.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of tetraselenotetracene chlorides or bromides of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently of one another H or F; R.sub.1 is CH.sub.3 and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are H; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each CH.sub.3 ; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are CH.sub.3 or Cl, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are H, and X is Cl or Br, which process includes reacting a tetraselenotetracene of formula II ##STR2## in a polar aprotic solvent, with stoichiometric amounts of an ammonium hydrochloride or hydrobromide, in the presence of oxygen at elevated temperature. An organic binder may be dissolved in the reaction solution and a substrate coated with this solution. After evaporation of the solvent, electrically conductive coatings are obtained that consist of a network of crystal needles of compounds of formula I in the binder matrix.

Abstract: Thiadiazabicyclooctanes of formula I ##STR1## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur;R.sub.53 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl;R.sub.54 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, C3-C6alkynyioxy, hydroxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkoxy; orR.sub.53 and R.sub.54, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form an unsubstituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered saturated ring;W is a group of formulae W.sub.1 to W.sub.

Abstract: The invention includes printing ink compositions containing an organic solution of a film-forming polymer and a dye salt of formula ##STR1## wherein R is a group of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently of the other hydrogen, CH.sub.2 X, SO.sub.2 Y or NHCOZ, R.sub.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.5 is CH.sub.2 X, SO.sub.2 Y or NHCOZ, X is a NHCOR.sub.6 or NR.sub.7 SO.sub.2 R.sub.6 group, Y is NR.sub.8 R.sub.9 or N(R.sub.8).sub.2, and Z is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or NHR.sub.9, R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or halogen, R.sub.7 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.8 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or a ##STR3## group, and R.sub.9 is hydrogen C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl, and R', R" and R"' are alkyl radicals containing together 10 to 24 carbon atoms, or a mixture of such dye salts.

Abstract: A coated material comprising (a) a solid dielectric or semi-conductive substrate which is (b) partially or completely coated on at least one surface with a silicate in which a crystalline charge transfer complex is incorporated. The material can be used as an antistatic or electrically conductive material, preferably in the form of screens or picture tubes provided with an antistatic finish.