Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming shaped catalysts from a rehydratable alumina composition. The method includes a staged rehydration procedure to stabilize the rehydratable alumina to facilitate extrusion processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the catalyst produced thereby. The HDS catalyst is prepared by solution impregnation of an alumina catalyst support which has been made from a rehydratable form of alumina.

Abstract: The use of microcrystalline cellulose as an extrusion aid/combustible filler for rehydratable alumina allows the production of low density alumina substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic variable light modulating device including an improved ion conducting layer. The ion conductor comprises a polymeric composition containing polyethylene sulfonic acid, a pigment and water.

Abstract: Polymeric surfactants are copolymers of acrylamide with 30 - 60 wt. percent of acrylic esters or alkyl or alkoxymethyl acrylamides having molecular wt. from 800 to 10,000 amu.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical composition and a process for inhibiting corrosion and scaling on metal surfaces in industrial cooling water systems. The process includes the addition to the cooling water of from 10 to 200 ppm of an alkyl polyethoxy compound having a free carboxylate, sulfonate or phosphonate group. In some preferred embodiments, 10 to 500 ppm of a mineral oil is added to the water system, in addition to the polyethoxy compound.

Abstract: Electro-optical device useful in control of visible and infrared absorption by windows in homes, commercial buildings and the like, typically comprising in sandwiched arrangement a pair of electrodes, and a film of a transition metal compound and a liquid electrolyte disposed between the electrodes is provided. The device exhibits coloration and bleaching thereof over large areas by control of, the polarity of an applied electric field.

Abstract: For making supported copper catalyst, useful in hydration of nitriles to produce amides, a cuprous compound e.g. cuprous chloride is impregnated into a support material, e.g. alumina, using acrylonitrile or acetonitrile as the imbibing solvent which is then removed by evaporation. The cuprous compound in the support is reduced to copper in situ, by contact with a reducing agent e.g. sodium borohydride.

Abstract: For inhibiting corrosion and scale on ferrous metal parts in a circulating water system there is added to the water in such system from 10 to 500 ppm of a partial ester of a polyfunctional acid having a free carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate group and another carboxyl group which is esterified with a polyoxyalkylated derivative of an alkyl, alkaryl, or alkenyl alcohol having a terminal hydrocarbon group of 8-20 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments there is added with the partial ester from 10 to 500 ppm of a dispersible oil which may also include a surface active agent for dispersing the oil in water. Preferred partial esters include partial esters of citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, adipic and phthalic acids partially esterified with an alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol having 2 to 4 ethoxy groups.

Abstract: In the emulsion polymerization of polymers which comprise monomers selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl esters of those acids and which may also comprise other compatible vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, N-methylolacrylamide, acrylonitrile, itaconic acid and the like, the emulsifier for the emulsion polymerization is a surface-active agent having the formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is the acyl radical of a fatty acid having 7 to 21 carbon atoms and M is selected from ammonium, the alkali metals, and certain alkaline earth metals, and x is 1 to 3.

Abstract: In producing chemiluminescence by the reaction of bis(6-carbopentoxy-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)oxalate with a peroxide in presence of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene the initial luminosity on mixing these reaction components in a suitable diluent is increased by using the specific concentration of bis-oxalate ester component in the range from 0.05 to 0.09 mole per liter in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: In the catalytic hydration of acrylonitrile to produce acrylamide by contacting aqueous solution of acrylonitrile with a catalyst, the solubility of acrylonitrile in the aqueous feed solution is increased by presence of acrylamide cosolvent in the feed solution, enabling feed solutions having concentration of acrylonitrile higher than the saturation concentration of acrylonitrile in water without a cosolvent.

Abstract: Chemical light device has oxalate and peroxy components in compartments separated by frangible means which is broken upon rapid acceleration or deceleration by a movable object within the device. The movable object is restrained until released by extraordinary acceleration.

Abstract: Method for improving the storage stability of oxalic ester chemiluminescent light system components by the addition of certain additive compounds to either the oxalic or hydrogen peroxide component or both.

Abstract: Yield of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate from the reaction of methacrylic acid with dimethylaminoethanol is increased by carrying out the reaction under reflux conditions in presence of catalyst selected from sodium phenoxide and sodium 4-methoxyphenoxide and with incremental addition of the dimethylaminoethanol as the reaction proceeds. Yields as high as 89 percent are reported.

Abstract: In a solution that is free of bases and free of oxygen and which contains at least four molar proportions of the reactant tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine for every three molar proportions of an aralkyl halide reactant, the following reaction produces tris(aralkyl)phosphine product:3(Ar-CH.sub.2 X) + 4P(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3 .fwdarw. (Ar-CH.sub.2).sub.3 P + 3P.sup.+ (CH.sub.2 OH).sub.4 X.sup.-after separation of the phosphine product, the phosphonium salt by-products can be converted to tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine by the addition of a base.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel water-soluble esters of oxalic acid, and to compositions that are useful for generating chemiluminescent emission by reacting said esters of oxalic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of water and a fluorescent compound, and to a process for generating chemiluminescent emission by using said compositions.

Abstract: For inhibiting corrosion and scale on ferrous metal parts in a circulating water system there is added to the water in such system from 10 to 500 ppm of a partial ester of a polyfunctional acid having a free carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate group and another carboxyl group which is esterified with a polyoxyalkylated derivative of an alkyl, alkaryl, or alkenyl alcohol having a terminal hydrocarbon group of 8-20 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments there is added with the partial ester from 10 to 500 ppm of a dispersible enhancing agent which may also include a surface active agent for dispersing the agent in water. Preferred partial esters include partial esters of citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, adipic and phthalic acids partially esterified with an alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol having 2 to 4 ethoxy groups.

Abstract: Hydration of nitriles, e.g. acrylonitrile, with water in presence of a catalyst comprising catalytic elemental copper prepared by reduction of a copper compound, e.g. copper sulfate, by means of a solution of soluble strong reducing agent, e.g. aqueous solution of sodium borohydride, is described. The copper is thus produced in very fine particulate form having unusually high catalytic activity by comparison with other copper catalyst. Improvements in the reduction are accomplished in alkaline, (e.g. NaOH), solutions and even further in alkaline solution comprising a reducing sugar, e.g. dextrose, in the solution with the strong reducing agent.

Abstract: In the making of reduced copper catalysts on supports such as alumina, cuprous salts are imbibed as aqueous solution in which solubility of the cuprous salt is increased by the presence of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate in the solution. The imbibed support is dried and the cuprous salt residue is reduced in situ by aqueous solution of sodium borohydride. The reduced copper catalyst product is useful for catalytic hydration of nitriles to produce amides, e.g. acrylonitrile to acrylamide.